复方苯佐卡因凝胶治疗豚鼠口腔溃疡的实验研究

目的:对比仿制药复方苯佐卡因凝胶(以下简称凝胶)与其被仿品(美国非处方药品"Orajel Mouth-Aid,OMA)"对实验性口腔溃疡治疗作用。方法:采用醋酸、细菌或真菌诱发豚鼠口腔溃疡模型观察药物抗口腔溃疡作用。结果:局部给药,凝胶和OMA均能显著促进醋酸、细菌或真菌诱发的豚鼠口腔溃疡愈合,均具有剂量依赖性。结论:凝胶和OMA均具有促进口腔溃疡愈合作用,两药作用强度相当。     

复方苯佐卡因凝胶的局部毒性研究

目的评价复方苯佐卡因凝胶的局部刺激性和致敏性。方法依照国家食品药品监督管理局《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》(以下简称指导原则),采用大鼠口腔黏膜刺激性实验法、兔眼刺激性实验法以及豚鼠皮肤致敏实验法。结果复方苯佐卡因凝胶给大鼠口腔正常黏膜连续涂药3次,相当于3 g.kg-1,均无刺激和毒性反应;一次性按每只0.1 g给兔眼结膜涂药,亦未出现刺激性反应;给每只豚鼠皮肤0.2 g致敏接触和激发接触,均无过敏反应发生。结论复方苯佐卡因凝胶对口腔黏膜无刺激性,对皮肤也没有致敏性。     

复方苯佐卡因凝胶的局部毒性研究

目的评价复方苯佐卡因凝胶的局部刺激性和致敏性。方法依照国家食品药品监督管理局《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》（以下简称指导原则）,采用大鼠口腔黏膜刺激性实验法、兔眼刺激性实验法以及豚鼠皮肤致敏实验法。结果复方苯佐卡因凝胶给大鼠口腔正常黏膜连续涂药3次,相当于3g·kg-1,均无刺激和毒性反应;一次性按每只0．1g给兔眼结膜涂药,亦未出现刺激性反应;给每只豚鼠皮肤0．2g致敏接触和激发接触,均无过敏反应发生。结论复方苯佐卡因凝胶对口腔黏膜无刺激性,对皮肤也没有致敏性。     

苯佐卡因糊剂治疗口腔溃疡的临床研究

目的研究临床应用苯佐卡因糊剂治疗口腔溃疡的疗效.方法以德国史达德大药厂生产的甘美达凝胶为对照组,对苯佐卡因糊剂的疗效、止痛效果及不良反应进行临床观察,并进行统计学检验.结果实验组和对照组在用药后各项指标均有改善,其差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),但两组疗效差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论苯佐卡因糊剂是一种安全、有效、副作用小、使用方便的口腔粘膜用药.     

苯佐卡因含片治疗口腔溃疡、急性咽喉炎引起的疼痛的临床研究

目的:评价苯佐卡因含片对口腔溃疡、急性咽喉炎引起的疼痛的临床疗效和安全性.方法:采用多中心、随机、双盲、对照基质平行对照试验.口腔溃疡病例数60对,咽喉炎病例数40对,观察疼痛指数及镇痛疗效.采用X2,t检验或非参数统计方法.结果:试验组用药第1 d、第2 d能有效减轻疼痛,用药第1 d镇痛维持时间长,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组不良反应发生率无统计学意义(p=0.444).结论:苯佐卡因含片能有效缓解和消除口腔溃疡、急性咽喉炎引起的疼痛,且安全性好.     

复方细辛酊对家兔牙髓神经的镇痛作用

目的 用动物实验方法观察复方细辛酊（CATT）的镇痛作用。方法 采用牙髓电刺激法测定CATT对家兔急性牙痛的镇痛作用。结果 CATT对电刺激家兔牙髓神经致痛有明显的镇痛作用，且于用药后5min即开始起效。约30－60min达高峰，维持时间在120min以上，随后有逐渐恢复趋势。而且，此作用与其赋形剂75％酒精无关。结论 CATT局部应用是一种治疗牙痛的有效药物。     

"灭螺凝胶"治疗轻中度慢性牙周炎的疗效观察

目的　采用复方灭螺牙周凝胶 ,制作个别托盘载药 ,评价对轻、中度慢性牙周炎的治疗效果。方法　 3 0例慢性牙周炎患者的 2 4 7颗牙随机分为 2组。实验组用复方灭螺凝胶 ,对照组不用任何药物。两组均于当天取模制成个别托盘 ,在基线、用药 1周、2周分别测定GI、SBI、PD。对该凝胶进行抑菌试验。结果　两组用药前后GI、SBI均有极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,PD与基线相比显著减轻 (P <0 .0 5 )。实验组 2周总有效率 94 .0 7% ,对照组为 5 9.81%。药敏试验显示“灭螺凝胶”对牙龈卟啉菌 (Pg)、脆弱类杆菌 (Bf)、伴放线放线杆菌 (Aa)、核酸杆菌 (Fn)有极显著抑菌作用。结论　托盘载药法 ,可使药物直接与牙龈组织接触 ,进入牙齿邻面、牙周袋、控制菌斑 ,杀灭细菌 ,其方法简便 ,疗效确切 ,有推广价值。     

复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶对灼口综合征患者状态焦虑的缓解作用

目的:探讨复方甘菊利多卡因凝胶对灼口综合征(BMS)患者疼痛和焦虑情绪的缓解作用.方法:纳入BMS患者30例,分为安慰剂组、阳性对照组和甘美达治疗组,根据统一的局部给药方法,连续使用2周.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估治疗前后疼痛情况,状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)评估治疗前后状态焦虑(S-AI)和特质焦虑(T-AI...     

蟾毒与蟾酥提取物牙髓镇痛效果的比较研究

目的：观察比较蟾毒与蟾酥不同提取物的牙髓镇痛效果。方法：采用以猫开口反射为疼痛指标的牙髓电刺激模型。结果：牙髓封药３０ｍｉｎ，蟾毒对牙痛阈值的增长率明显高于蟾酥乙醇提取物和氯仿提取物；封药１ｈ，蟾毒对牙痛阈值的增长率与蟾酥乙醇提取物无明显差别，但明显高于蟾酥氯仿提取物；封药２ｈ，对牙痛阈值的增长率，蟾毒与蟾酥乙醇提取物和氯仿提取物之间均无明显差异。结论：蟾毒的牙髓镇痛作用较强，起效快，其次为蟾酥乙醇提取物，蟾酥氯仿提取物作用较慢     

牙痛酊镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:用动物实验的方法观察牙痛酊(YTD)的镇痛作用.同时测定其LD50,观察其急性毒性,判断其临床应用价值.方法:采用化学刺激法,热板法测定细辛水煎剂、维拉帕米及不同浓度牙痛酊的镇痛作用.测定LD50,判断其急性毒性.结果:牙痛酊全身给药有显著镇痛作用,比其配方组分(细辛和维拉帕米)的单方制剂作用强,有一定协同效应.并观察到牙痛酊对热板致痛的镇痛作用呈一定剂量依赖性.急性毒性实验结果表明,其毒性极低.结论:维拉帕米可增强细辛水煎剂的镇痛作用,其毒性极低,具有安全、可靠的镇痛作用.     

A comparison of ibuprofen and ibuprofen-codeine combination in the relief of post-operative oral surgery pain

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics are commonly prescribed to out-patients who have undergone oral surgical procedures, since they are said to provide excellent pain relief for mild to moderate pain, allied with minimal side-effects. One hundred patients were entered into a randomised clinical trial to compare the efficacy of a simple non-steroidal analgesic with that of a combination analgesic compound following the removal of lower third molars under local anaesthesia. Pain scores were measured for patients post-operatively by means of a verbal rating scale for 3 days and data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results suggest that this combination product offers no advantages (but shows definite disadvantages) when compared to an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory product.     

The analgesic efficacy of valdecoxib vs. oxycodone/acetaminophen after oral surgery

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted two studies to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase, or COX, -2-specific inhibitor, valdecoxib, with oxycodone/ acetaminophen in patients who have undergone oral surgery. METHODS: In total, 205 eligible subjects in Study A and 201 in Study B were randomized to receive a single oral dose of valdecoxib (20 or 40 milligrams), a combination of oxycodone 10 mg/acetaminophen 1,000 mg or placebo. Eligible subjects experienced moderate-to-severe pain within six hours of surgery during which two or more impacted third molars were extracted. Analgesic efficacy was assessed over 24 hours or until the patient required rescue analgesia. RESULTS: In both studies, subjects receiving either dose of valdecoxib experienced a rapid onset of analgesia and (among those who received valdecoxib 40 mg) a level of pain relief comparable with that of those who received oxycodone/ acetaminophen. Both valdecoxib doses had a significantly longer duration of analgesic effect than did oxycodone/acetaminophen. Pooled safety data demonstrated that each valdecoxib dose had a tolerability profile superior to that of oxycodone/ acetaminophen and similar to that of placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Orally administered valdecoxib is as rapidly acting and effective as oxycodone/acetaminophen, and it has a superior duration of analgesic effect in patients after oral surgery. Valdecoxib has a tolerability profile superior to that of oxycodone/acetaminophen. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The current standard of care for alleviating acute pain after oral surgery has rested largely on conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioid/analgesic combination products. The studies reported here suggest that the COX-2-specific inhibitor valdecoxib offers an efficacious and safe alternative to other analgesics used to treat pain after oral surgery.     

Comparative seven-day clinical evaluation of two tooth whitening products

A 1-week study was conducted to compare the tooth whitening efficacy of two carbamide peroxide-based products (one containing 5% carbamide peroxide and one containing 10% carbamide peroxide). In addition, the perception of transient tooth hypersensitivity associated with the use of these products was subjectively evaluated. Sixty participants took part in a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical study. Change in tooth color was measured by chroma meter and Vita shade guide at the initiation of the study and after 7 days of product use. Color change (delta E) was calculated using the color-difference equation established by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage. Data concerning dental hypersensitivity was assessed by subjective panelist questionnaires administered after the day 7 recall examination. Results of the whitening data showed that there was no significant difference between the two products. After 1 week, the mean delta E for the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was 4.43 +/- 1.89 and the mean delta E for the product containing 10% carbamide peroxide was 4.05 +/- 1.84. However, the subjective data collected on tooth hypersensitivity showed that the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was associated with less discomfort. Of the group using the 5% carbamide peroxide product, 20% reported transient sensitivity of their teeth after product use for 1 week compared with 53% of the group using the product with 10% carbamide peroxide. Statistical analysis using a 2-tailed t test showed significant differences between the two groups (P < .05). The data suggest that these products are clinically equivalent for tooth whitening; however, the product containing 5% carbamide peroxide was associated with less tooth hypersensitivity after 1 week of application.     

The efficacy of a continuous-use stabilized chlorine dioxide dental unit waterline cleaner and the evaluation of two water sampling methods

Many commercial dental unit waterline cleaners are available. Results regarding the efficacy of these products vary and sampling methods and laboratory procedures can affect results. This study was conducted to test the efficacy of a continuous-use stabilized chlorine dioxide product and determine if two different sampling methods produced the same results. There was a statistically significant difference between the treated units and the control units (p < 0.05) but the two sampling methods revealed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.5). Treated units showed a decline in the mean number of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) over the study period but the level was not consistently low enough to meet the ADA-recommended levels of 200 CFU/mL. The findings of this study indicate that it is not necessary to replace a continuous use product with fresh, untreated water when testing water quality.     

The optimal analgesic dose of rofecoxib: Overview of six randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: Rofecoxib, which specifically inhibits cyclooxygenase-2, is indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and for the management of acute pain in adults. The authors present an overview of six placebo-controlled trials designed to evaluate the single-dose analgesic efficacy of a range of doses of rofecoxib in the treatment of postoperative dental pain. METHODS: The six studies included doses of rofecoxib ranging from 7.5 to 500 milligrams. Maximal analgesic doses of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, either naproxen sodium (550 mg) or ibuprofen (400 mg), were used as active comparators in each study. Analgesic efficacy was assessed with the use of validated self-administered questionnaires. The primary endpoint in each study was the total pain relief over the eight-hour postdose period. Additional endpoints were used to characterize the onset of analgesia and peak analgesic effect. RESULTS: The results of these studies demonstrated that the efficacy of rofecoxib was dose-related, with 50 mg being consistently more effective than placebo for all measures of analgesic efficacy. Moreover, 50 mg was the lowest dose that reproducibly demonstrated an analgesic effect comparable to the effect of maximum single analgesic doses of NSAIDs. CONCLUSION: The results of these studies support the recommended dose of 50 mg of rofecoxib once daily for the management of pain. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Rofecoxib, at a dose of 50 mg, is effective in the management of postoperative dental pain.     

Analgesic efficacy of lysine clonixinate plus tramadol versus tramadol in multiple doses following impacted third molar surgery

This study compared the analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy, trismus control, and tolerability of the combination of lysine clonixinate and tramadol (LCT) versus tramadol (T) alone after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, including two study groups of 20 patients each, who exhibited acute pain subsequent to surgical extraction of two mandibular third molars. Pain intensity was quantified over a 96-h period using a visual analogue scale and a 5-point verbal rating scale. Secondary indicators of analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy, trismus control, and tolerability were determined. Patients administered LCT exhibited better therapeutic effects that those administered T. Fifty percent of patients in the LCT group rated this therapy as ‘excellent analgesia’ compared with only 10% in the T group. The onset of the analgesic effect of LCT was significantly faster, without any therapeutic failures. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to anti-inflammatory effect or trismus. The results of this study suggest that the postsurgical analgesic efficacy of LCT in combination (LC 125 mg + T 25 mg) is superior to that obtained with T alone, administered at the standard dose of 50 mg, for up to 96 h after the extraction of both impacted mandibular third molars.     

Comparative efficacy of fenoprofen calcium and zomepirac sodium in postsurgical dental pain

The relative analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium 100 mg and fenoprofen calcium 200 mg was evaluated in patients with pain due to surgical removal of dental impactions. This is the first study to make a direct comparison of their effectiveness. This study is especially important since zomepirac sodium was recently removed from the market as an analgesic for acute pain. Zomepirac sodium was extremely popular among clinicians and was considered the most effective of the peripherally acting analgesics. Patients were requested to take a single dose of study medication when they had moderate to severe pain. The study medications were identical in appearance and randomly allocated under double-blind conditions. The medication was evaluated over the next 4 hours according to subjective analgesic measurement scales. The primary measures of efficacy included total pain relief ( TOTPAR ), sum pain intensity difference ( SPID ), overall evaluation, and time to remedication . Of the 136 patients entered, 117 were included in the efficacy analysis. Both active agents demonstrated marked superiority to placebo (p less than 0.001) for all efficacy measures but were inseparable from each other. The mean analgesic efficacy values for both zomepirac sodium and fenoprofen calcium were almost identical. The nineteen subjects who reported side effects were evenly distributed among the three groups. No serious side effects occurred. The results of this study indicate that fenoprofen calcium 200 mg and zomepirac sodium 100 mg are equally efficacious, with similar onset, peak, and total analgesic effects.     

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目的评价康复新液治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡的临床疗效。方法2008年1月至2009年3月,在中国医科大学口腔医院综合急诊科选择复发性阿弗他溃疡患者80例,随机分成2组,A组采用康复新液治疗,B组采用口泰治疗,观察7d。对两组患者的治疗有效率、溃疡面积的变化、止痛时间进行对比分析。结果1周后,A组的治疗有效率(90.0%)明显的高于B组(65.0%),溃疡面积的变化A组(80±3.4)mm2明显的高于B组(53±1.6mm)2,止痛起效时间A组(2.8±0.5)min明显的低于B组(6.2±1.1)min,止痛维持时间A组(32±1.2min)明显的高于B组(10±0.3)min,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论康复新液治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡具有良好的临床疗效,可以广泛的用于临床。     

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen and aspirin for postsurgical dental pain

The analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen 25 mg and 50 mg compared with aspirin 650 mg and placebo (lactose) was evaluated. Subjects were 164 dental outpatients undergoing the surgical removal of impacted teeth. Each subject received a single dose of study medication and was evaluated hourly for six hours. Aspirin was superior to placebo in all measures of analgesic efficacy, and both dosages of flurbiprofen were superior to aspirin.