观辣树的化学成分研究进展

目的:为更好地开发与利用观辣树植物资源奠定物质基础。方法:查阅国内、外相关文献,对观辣树不同部位的化学成分研究进行综述。结果:观辣树的主要化学成分为酚类及其苷、黄酮及其苷、甾醇及其苷,以及多糖、氨基酸和维生素等。其特征成分为连有腈基、异硫氰酸酯基、硫代氨基甲酸酯基的酚类及其苷。结论:系统综述观辣树的化学成分研究,有利于该植物资源的进一步开发与利用。     

观辣树叶90d喂养研究

<正>观辣树学名Moringa tree Oleifera Lamarch,英文名Moringa oleifera,为辣木科(Moringaceae)辣木属(Moringa)落叶乔木,又名油辣木(Moringa)、辣根树(Horserad-ish tree)、鼓槌树(Drumstick tree)和辣木[1]。近期研究的结果已证实,观辣树是目前已发现最好的植物蛋白、维生素A、泛酸、叶酸、钙、铁等多种     

更正声明

本刊于2011年第38卷第4期第270～274页刊登的综述《观辣树药理作用研究进展》中,图1中化合物2、3的结构式应为:     

吴茱萸与伪品臭辣树的生药鉴别

目的 :对吴茱萸及其伪品臭辣树进行生药鉴别。方法 :采用原植物形态、性状、显微、薄层色谱等方法进行系统的鉴别比较。结果 :吴茱萸与臭辣树虽是同科同属植物 ,外观近似 ,但原植物形态 ,药材性状及组织粉末特征均存在明显差异 ,色谱的斑点位置、颜色都不相同。结论 :臭辣树为吴茱萸的一种混淆品 ,不可供临床药用。本法为两种药材的鉴别提供了资料     

吴茱萸与伪品臭辣树的生药鉴别

目的：对吴茱萸及其伪品臭辣树进行生药鉴别。方法：采用原植物形态、性状、显微、薄层色谱等方法进行系统的鉴别比较。结果：吴茱萸与臭辣树虽是同科同属植物,外观近似,但原植物形态,药材性状及组织要特性均存在明显差异,色谱的斑点位置、颜色都不相同。结论：臭辣权为吴茱萸的一种混淆品,不可供临床药用。本法为两种药材的鉴别提供了资料。     

辣椒也是治疗疾病的良药?

<正>辣椒是一种营养丰富的蔬菜和调味品,许多国家将其列入菜谱,有不少国家的人对辣椒特别偏爱。中国人吃辣椒,算是辣出了特色,湖南可称得上是辣的王国,而四川则是辣中见辣,许多的吃法是应有尽有,民间流传着:湖南人不怕辣,贵州人辣不怕,四川人怕不辣的俗话。辣椒无论是制作菜肴还是用于调味,都具有一定的营养。辣椒营养丰富,还有重要的食疗作用。据中医认为,辣椒有健胃、行血、消瘀、导滞等功能,可以治疗一些疾病:     

大蒜辣素前体包芯片的制备

目的:制备大蒜辣素前体包芯片,使其口服后在短时间内促发酶促反应,生成大蒜辣素。方法:以蒜氨酸和蒜酶双层片为片芯,控酸颗粒为外层压制得到包芯片。并以人工胃液为介质小杯法考察包芯片大蒜辣素产率。结果:大蒜辣素前体包芯片在人工胃液中10 min内大蒜辣素产率>70%。结论:以蒜氨酸、蒜酶及控酸盐组合制备包芯片能够有效避免蒜酶在胃酸条件下失活,达到在体内获得较高产率大蒜辣素目的。     

大蒜甙注射液的制备方法

百合科植物大蒜具有抗菌等性能。其有效成分大蒜辣素由于性质很不稳定,所以迄今无实用价值,而大蒜粗制剂早已广泛应用于临床。对于数种细菌性、真菌性与原虫性感染已充分证明其治疗与预防的价值。前人报导大蒜有效成分蒜辣素很不稳定,蒜辣素的pH 约6.5的水溶液放置过程中     

一测多评法测定天然辣椒碱中2种主要成分

目的建立以1种对照品同时测定天然辣椒碱中2种成分的质量评价方法。方法以辣椒辣素为对照,采用一测多评法,同时测定辣椒辣素和二氢辣椒辣素的含量。结果测得辣椒辣素与二氢辣椒辣素的相对校正因子为1.12,同时采用外标法和一测多评法测定样品中二氢辣椒辣素含量,采用t检验对二者测定值进行比较,二者之间无显著差异(P>0.05);以辣椒辣素的保留时间为1.00,计算得二氢辣椒辣素的相对保留时间为1.355,相对保留时间及保留时间差的RSD均小于5%。结论采用一测多评法,以辣椒辣素为对照,利用相对校正因子可实现同时测定辣椒辣素和二氢辣椒辣素的含量。     

钟形火焰树叶中一种新的多羟基甾醇—火焰树醇

紫威科火焰树属植物钟形火焰树Spathodea campanulata P.Beauvais广泛分布于非洲,在喀麦隆尤为丰富。它作为传统草药用于治疗溃疡、丝虫病、淋病、腹泻及发热等。最近报道其茎皮和叶有抗疟活性,作者已     

辣木的研究进展

辣木属植物辣木,易于生长且具有极高的营养价值。近年研究发现辣木在抗氧化保肝、降血糖、降血脂、抗真菌方面均有较强的活性,本文就辣木近几年在这些方面的研究进展做一个总结。     

Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats.

The role of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status, was studied in adult Swiss rats. Other than the thyroid hormone concentrations, hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated. In the first experiment, effects of the leaf extract (175 mg kg(-1)body wt. day(-1)for 10 days) were studied both in male and female animals. Following the administration of the extract, serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentration and hepatic LPO decreased with a concomitant increase in the serum thyroxine (T(4)) concentration, in female rats, while in males no significant changes were observed, suggesting that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is more effective in females than in the males. To evaluate the impact of a higher dose, in the second experiment, the study was repeated in female rats, with 350 mg kg(-1)body wt. day(-1)for the same duration. Almost similar reduction in the serum T(3)concentration (approx. 30%) and an increase in the T(4)concentration were observed suggesting the inhibiting nature of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the peripheral conversion of T(4)to T(3), the principal source of the generation of latter hormone. As the antiperoxidative effects were exhibited only by the lower dose and percent decrease in T(3)concentration was nearly the same by both the doses, it is suggested that the lower concentration of this plant extract may be used for the regulation of hyperthyriodism. 2000 Academic Press@p$hr Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Antiinflammatory Effects of Moringa oleifera Root Extract

A crude methanol extract of the root of the plant Moringa oleifera Lam. was screened for anti inflammatory effect using the rat paw edema and the rat 6-day air pouch inflammatory models. Following oral administration, the extract inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibitory concentration - IC 50 (dose producing 50% inhibition) of 660 mg/kg. On the 6-day air pouch acute inflammation induced with carrageenan, the extract was much more potent, with IC 50 values of 302.0 mg/kg and 315.5 mg/kg, for the inhibition of cellular accumulation and fluid exudation, respectively. Maximum inhibition obtained with 600 mg/kg were 83.8% and 80.0%, respectively. When delayed (chronic) inflammation was induced in the 6-day air pouch model using Freund’s complete adjuvant, the extract was still effective though less than in acute inflammation. In contrast, a moderate dose of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) inhibited the acute, but not the delayed form of air pouch inflammation. Acute toxicity tests in mice suggest very low toxicity. These results suggest that the root of Moringa oleifera contains anti inflammatory principle(s) that may be useful in the treatment of both the acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.     

Antiasthmatic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam: A clinical study

The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy and safety of seed kernels of Moringa oleifera in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Twenty patients of either sex with mild-to-moderate asthma were given finely powdered dried seed kernels in dose of 3 g for 3 weeks. The clinical efficacy with respect to symptoms and respiratory functions were assessed using a spirometer prior to and at the end of the treatment. Hematological parameters were not changed markedly by treatment with M. oleifera. However, the majority of patients showed a significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) values and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was significantly reduced. Significant improvement was also observed in symptom score and severity of asthmatic attacks. Treatment with the drug for 3 weeks produced significant improvement in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow rate values by 32.97 ± 6.03%, 30.05 ± 8.12%, and 32.09 ± 11.75%, respectively, in asthmatic subjects. Improvement was also observed in % predicted values. None of the patients showed any adverse effects with M. oleifera. The results of the present study suggest the usefulness of M. oleifera seed kernel in patients of bronchial asthma.     

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and lipid-lowering mechanisms of Moringa oleifera leaf extract

OBJECTIVES AND MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medicinal plants constitute an important source of potential therapeutic agents for diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic alpha-amylase related to diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the study was also determined in vitro bile acid binding capacity as well as inhibition of cholesterol micellization, pancreatic lipase, and cholesterol esterase activity. RESULTS: The phytochemical analysis indicated that total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents in the extract were 45.21 +/- 0.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, 15.39 +/- 0.58 mg catechin equivalents/g extract, and 4.90 +/- 0.20 catechin equivalents/g extract, respectively. In addition, the extract contained a specific inhibitor of intestinal sucrase than intestinal maltase with IC50 value of 0.78 +/- 0.21 mg/ml, whereas it slightly inhibited pancreatic alpha-amylase and pancreatic cholesterol esterase. However, the extract had no inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase. Furthermore, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid were bound to the extract (1 mg/ml) with a degree of 26.90 +/- 0.37%, 21.78 +/- 0.68%, and 22.59 +/- 1.02%, respectively. Finally, the extract (10 mg/ml) markedly inhibited the formation of cholesterol micelle about 40.22 +/- 2.64%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera may be used for the control of blood glucose and lipid concentration and prevention of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.     

Potential of Moringa oleifera root and Citrus sinensis fruit rind extracts in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice

Context: The plant Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae), commonly known as the drumstick tree, is an indigenous species in India. This species has been of interest to researchers because traditionally its roots are reported in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Traditionally it is reported that Citrus sinensis Linn (Rutaceae) fruit rind when combined with M. oleifera will increase the efficacy of the plant in the treatment of UC. Objective: The present work was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of M. oleifera root alone and in combination with C. sinensis fruit rind in the treatment of UC. Materials and methods: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera roots (100 and 200?mg/kg, body weight) were screened alone and in equal combination with ethanol extract of C. sinensis fruit rind, i.e., 50?mg/kg each of C. sinensis and M. oleifera for their activity on acetic acid-induced UC in mice. Results: Treatment with combination of extracts of M. oleifera root and C. sinensis fruit rind (50?mg/kg, each) showed less ulceration and hyperemia than individual extract (200?mg/kg) in histopathological observation. Acetic acid increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in blood and colon tissue to 342?U/mL and 384?U/mg, respectively. Combination of ethanol extract of M. oleifera root with C. sinensis fruit rind extract significantly (p?相似文献   

Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in animals

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory action of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MEMO) in an experimental model of immunity. The cellular immunity was evaluated using neutrophil adhesion test, cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia and carbon clearance assay, whereas, humoral immunity was tested by mice lethality test, serum immunoglobulin estimation and indirect haemagglutination assay in animals. Administration of MEMO (250 and 750 mg/kg, po) and Ocimum sanctum (100 mg/kg, po) significantly increased the levels of serum immunoglobulins and also prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice. They also increased significantly the circulating antibody titre in indirect haemagglunation test. Moreover, MEMO produced significant increase in adhesion of neutrophils, attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia and an increase in phagocytic index in carbon clearance assay. From the above results, it can be concluded that MEMO stimulate both cellular and humoral immune response. However, low dose of MEMO was found to be more effective than the high dose.     

星点设计－效应面法优化辣木籽油－β－环糊精包合物的制备工艺

目的：优化辣木籽油－β－环糊精包合物的制备工艺。方法通过搅拌法制备辣木籽油－β－环糊精包合物,将辣木籽油包合率和包合物收率二者的综合评分作为指标,采用星点设计法,设定三因素五水平考察包合温度、包合时间、β－环糊精与辣木籽油投料比对包合工艺的影响,并分别进行多元线性、二项式方程和三项式方程拟合,建立模型,效应面法选取最优工艺,最后通过紫外分光光度法对包合成功与否进行评价。结果辣木籽油－β－环糊精包合物包合工艺为：包合温度63℃、时间3．8h、β－环糊精与辣木籽油投料比5．95∶1,油的包合率和包合物收率预测值与实际值的偏差分别为1．24％和0．43％。结论以星点设计－效应面法建立的数学模型预测效果良好,该方法适用于辣木籽油－β－环糊精包合物的制备工艺优化。     

Moringa oleifera Lam prevents acetaminophen induced liver injury through restoration of glutathione level

Initiation of acetaminophen (APAP) toxicities is believed to be promoted by oxidative stress during the event of overdosage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective action of Moringa oleifera Lam (MO), an Asian plant of high medicinal value, against a single high dose of APAP. Groups of five male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-administered with MO (200 and 800 mg/kg) prior to a single dose of APAP (3g/kg body weight; p.o). Silymarin was used as an established hepatoprotective drug against APAP induced liver injury. The hepatoprotective activity of MO extract was observed following significant histopathological analysis and reduction of the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in groups pretreated with MO compared to those treated with APAP alone. Meanwhile, the level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be restored in MO-treated animals compared to the groups treated with APAP alone. These observations were comparable to the group pretreated with silymarin prior to APAP administration. Group that was treated with APAP alone exhibited high level of transaminases and ALP activities besides reduction in the GSH level. The histological hepatocellular deterioration was also evidenced. The results from the present study suggested that the leaves of MO can prevent hepatic injuries from APAP induced through preventing the decline of glutathione level.     

Moringa oleifera leaves as an inhibitor of human platelet aggregation

Moringa oleifera L. (Moringaceae) leaves were examined for their effect on human platelet aggregation in vitro. The aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves significantly (p?≤?0.05) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists such as adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine. The degree of inhibitory activity varied depending on the agonist used, concentration of extract and duration of incubating the extract with platelets. Heat treatment reduced the inhibitory activity of extract against platelet aggregation. In addition, the extracts significantly (p?≤?0.05) decreased the amount of malonaldehyde formed in agonist challenged platelets. This study is the first report on the effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves against human platelet aggregation. Overall, Moringa oleifera leaves have potential to protect platelets against aggregation.