Galectin-3和CD44v6在甲状腺癌中的表达及临床价值

为观察Galectin-3和CD44v6在甲状腺良、恶性结节中的表达差异,探讨其在甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的临床价值,应用免疫组化方法检测30份甲状腺癌组织、38份甲状腺良性结节及29份正常甲状腺组织中Galectin-3和CD44v6的表达。结果显示,甲状腺癌组织中Galectin-3和CD44v6的阳性率均显著高于良性结节和正常甲状腺组织（P〈0．005）,其中乳头状癌和滤泡状腺癌的阳性率显著高于其它类型癌组织（P〈0．005）。结论：Galectin-3和CD44v6可以作为甲状腺癌鉴别诊断的较有价值的标志物。     

CD44v6和Bcl-2蛋白在甲状腺癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的:探讨甲状腺癌组织中CD44v6和Bcl-2蛋白的表达与肿瘤发生和转移的关系,并探讨CL44v6和Bcl-2表达的相关性。方法:应用催化信号放大系统免疫组化技术,检测50例甲状腺癌、45例甲状腺腺瘤和20例癌旁正常甲状腺组织中CD44v6和Bcl-2蛋白表达。结果:在甲状腺癌CD44v6和Bcl-2表达阳性率分别为64.0％和46.0％,均显著高于甲状腺腺瘤和癌旁正常甲状腺组织（P<0.05）,CD44v6和Bcl-2阳性率均与甲状腺癌淋巴结转移相关（P<0.05）。CD44v6和Bcl-2表达呈正相关。结论:CD44v6和Bcl-2表达对预测甲状腺癌转移和评估预后是一种重要参考指标。     

Galectin-3和HBME-1在甲状腺结节细针穿刺标本中的表达

目的:探讨Galectin-3和HBME-1在甲状腺结节细针穿刺标本中的表达。方法:选取住院拟行甲状腺结节手术的患者60例(男12,女48)。术前行甲状腺结节细针穿刺(FNA),做细胞涂片巴氏染色,以及Ga-lectin-3、HBME-1免疫组化染色。术后甲状腺结节做病理切片,以甲状腺结节术后病理为诊断结节良恶性的金标准,比较良恶性结节表达Galectin-3、HBME-1的不同,并计算普通细胞涂片、普通细胞涂片结合Galectin-3、HBME-1免疫组化染色诊断良恶性的敏感和特异度。结果:FNA细胞涂片中,甲状腺恶性结节中Galectin-3、HBME-1的表达显著高于良性结节(P<0.05)。Galectin-3、HBME-1单表达,Galectin-3和HBME-1共表达的细胞涂片诊断良恶性的敏感性和(或)特异性高于普通细胞涂片(分别为96%、94.29%;80.00%、85.71%;72%、97.14%;72%、77.14%)。结论:FNA结合Galectin-3、HBME-1免疫组化染色检测可提高甲状腺结节良恶性诊断的敏感性(或)特异性。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在伴有钙化甲状腺结节良、恶性鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声检查在伴有钙化甲状腺结节良、恶性鉴别诊断中的应用.方法:回顾性分析自2021年2月至2022年2月本院收治的93例甲状腺结节合并钙化患者的临床资料,分析良、恶性甲状腺结节伴有钙化的超声表现及参数,比较良、恶性结节血流信号及参数.结果:甲状腺良性结节形态规则、边界清晰、连续钙化环出现率均高于恶性结节,周围钙化软组织出现率均低于恶性结节(P<0.05).良性甲状腺结节中血流信号为0级、I级的出现率高于恶性甲状腺结节,Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级的出现率低于恶性甲状腺结节(P<0.05).恶性甲状腺结节收缩期峰值血流速度及阻力指数均高于良性结节,舒张末期血流速度低于良性结节(P<0.05).彩色多普勒超声检查的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为91.67％、91.30％、91.40％.结论:彩色多普勒超声检查在伴有钙化甲状腺结节良、恶性鉴别诊断中的应用效果显著,诊断准确率较高.     

胃良恶性病变组织中CD24和CD44v6的表达及其意义

目的： 研究胃良恶性病变组织中癌干细胞标记物CD24、CD44v6的表达并探讨其临床病理意义。方法: 49例胃癌、20例癌旁组织、36例淋巴结转移灶及80例不同类型胃良性病例（浅表性胃炎10例，萎缩性胃炎15例，胃溃疡20例，胃息肉20例，胃腺瘤15例）标本常规制作石蜡包埋切片，CD24和CD44v6染色方法为EnVision免疫组化法。结果: 胃癌病例CD24和CD44v6表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织和不同类型胃良性病变（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），且阳性表达的良性病例胃黏膜上皮均呈中至重度不典型增生；转移灶CD24和CD44v6表达与相应原发灶呈现高度一致性（P>0.05）；组织学分级Ⅱ级、无淋巴结转移及无远处器官转移胃癌病例CD24和CD44v6表达阳性率明显低于组织学分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级、淋巴结转移及远处器官转移病例（P＜0.05）。此外，浸润深度T₁-T₂及淋巴结N1站转移病例CD24表达阳性率明显低于浸润深度T₃-T₄和淋巴结N₂、N₃站转移病例（P＜0.05）。结论: CD24和CD44v6表达可能是反映胃癌发生、进展、生物学行为和预后的重要癌干细胞标记物，检测胃良性病例CD24和CD44v6表达水平对预防和早期发现胃癌可能有一定的临床价值。     

临床喉鳞癌组织标本中G3BP和CD44v6的检测及意义北大核心CSCD

目的研究RNA结合的Ras-GAP酶激活蛋白SH3结合蛋白(G3BP)、肿瘤干细胞标志物CD44v6蛋白与喉鳞状细胞癌(喉鳞癌)发生发展的关系,探讨G3BP、CD44v6蛋白与血管新生的相关性。方法收集56例喉鳞癌患者癌组织及对应癌旁组织,采用Western blot法检测喉鳞癌患者癌组织及对应癌旁组织中G3BP、CD44v6蛋白水平,使用免疫组织化学染色法分别检测G3BP、CD44v6、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)的表达,并分析G3BP、CD44v6表达与喉鳞癌患者临床病理特征的关系及与VEGF-A表达的相关性;采用Ⅷ因子相关抗原(FⅧAg)免疫组织化学染色确定微血管密度(MVD),观察G3BP、CD44v6表达与MVD之间的关系。结果喉鳞癌患者癌组织中G3BP蛋白、CD44v6蛋白水平均明显高于对应癌旁的正常组织。喉鳞癌患者癌组织中的G3BP、CD44v6、VEGF-A表达阳性率分别为58.9%、53.6%、46.4%,均明显高于对应的癌旁正常组织。喉鳞癌患者癌组织中G3BP、CD44v6蛋白表达阳性率与临床分期、复发或转移及淋巴结转移相关,但与年龄和肿瘤大小无关。经Pearson相关性分析,喉鳞癌患者癌组织中G3BP、CD44v6蛋白的表达与VEGF-A表达呈正相关(r=0.741,r=0.756);喉鳞癌患者癌组织中G3BP与CD44v6蛋白阳性表达病例的MVD值均明显高于癌旁正常组织中MVD值;癌组织中G3BP与CD44v6蛋白阴性表达病例MVD值与癌旁正常组织中MVD值比较无明显差异。结论喉鳞癌组织G3BP、CD44v6蛋白高表达,可能通过促进VEGF-A的表达来诱发肿瘤微血管的新生,促进喉鳞癌侵袭、转移。     

甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO的表达及意义

目的 探讨CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO在甲状腺良恶性病变中的表达及联合应用在甲状腺乳头状癌鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测68例甲状腺乳头状癌、31例甲状腺腺瘤、19例结节性甲状腺肿和15例桥本甲状腺炎中CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO的表达.结果 在甲状腺乳头状癌中CK19、Galectin-3和HBME-1的阳性表达率分别为98.5%、98.5%、80.9%,TPO的阴性表达率为89.7%;在甲状腺良性病变中CK19、Galectin-3和HBME-1阳性表达率分别是24.6%、21.5%、1.5%,TPO的阴性表达率是1.5%.CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO在甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变中的表达差异有显著性(P<0.001).联合应用四种抗体在鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变时的敏感性、特异性、准确度分别为95.6%、98.5%、97%.结论 CK19、Galectin-3、HBME-1和TPO是诊断甲状腺乳头状癌的重要标志物.联合应用四种抗体在甲状腺乳头状癌与良性病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

63例甲状腺癌临床诊断及核素显像与病理对照分析

本院自1985年至1995年期间共收治甲状腺疾病1498例,其中甲状腺癌63例,占4.2％,男性19例,女性44例,男女比例为1:2.3,年龄19～86岁,病程最长30年,最短15天.临床病理诊断乳头状癌36例(57.1％),滤泡状癌21例(33.3％),未分化癌2例(3.2％),髓样癌2例(3.2％),腺瘤癌变2例(3.2％),本文就甲状腺癌在结节疾病分布情况、甲状腺癌在各类结节中的发病情况、甲状腺癌与甲状腺结节数目关系及核素显像对结节的诊断价值进行了探讨分析,结果表明,甲状腺核素显像对甲状腺病变性质的判断虽无决定性价值,但可根据核素显像图功能损害程度,结合临床可以初步估计良恶性。     

Ezrin和CD44v6在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌组织中Ezrin和CD44v6的表达及其临床病理意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测73例胃腺癌患者组织标本、15例胃不典型增生组织及12例癌旁胃黏膜组织中Ezrin和CD44v6的表达情况.结果 (1)Ezrin 在正常胃黏膜组、胃不典型增生组和胃癌组中的阳性表达率分别为41.7%、53.3%和83.6%.CD44v6在正常胃黏膜组、胃不典型增生组和胃癌组中的阳性表达率分别为25%、40%和82.2%.(2)Ezrin和CD44v6的表达与淋巴结转移密切相关,有淋巴结转移组Ezrin与CD44v6的阳性率均明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05);在Ezrin和CD44v6同时表达组中,淋巴结转移率为63%(34/54例)高于两者均为阴性组(1/6例,16.7%)(P＜0.05).结论 联合检测Ezrin和CD44v6的表达有助于预测胃癌的恶性程度和转移潜能.     

双能量CT增强碘图形态学特征联合标准化碘浓度对甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨双能量电子计算机断层扫描(Computed tomography,CT)增强碘图形态学特征联合标准化碘浓度(Normalized iodine concentration,NIC)在诊断甲状腺良恶性结节中的应用价值.方法:纳入 2021 年12 月至 2022年 12 月于我院行甲状腺良恶性结节鉴别诊断的 128 例(153 个甲状腺结节)患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受病理学检查及双能量CT增强扫描.以病理学诊断结果作为诊断的"金标准".获取碘图进行形态学特征分析,分析双能量CT增强碘图形态学特征联合NIC在诊断甲状腺良恶性结节中的价值.结果:128 例患者纳入的 153 个甲状腺结节经显示共 96 个良性结节,57 个恶性结节.双能量CT增强碘图形态学特征诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的特异度、灵敏度及Kappa值分别为 82.46%、86.46%、0.682;NIC诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的特异度、灵敏度及Kappa值分别为 82.46%、87.50%、0.695;双能量CT增强碘图形态学特征联合NIC诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的特异度、灵敏度及Kappa值分别为 87.72%、90.63%、0.778.结论:双能量CT增强碘图形态学特征联合NIC可提高甲状腺良恶性结节的诊断价值.     

Contribution of immunocytochemical stainings for galectin‐3, CD44, and HBME1 to fine‐needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma

In cytology practice some papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases have indeterminate diagnoses and overlapping cytological features with benign lesions. This study was undertaken to find out if immunocytochemistry using Galectin‐3, CD‐44 and HBME‐1 could be of help in such situations. Forty‐six cases consisting of 22 malignancy (PTC) cases, 7 suspicious of (S/O) PTC, 1 follicular neoplasm, 5 follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), and 11 benign (colloid goiter) cases diagnosed by FNA were included in this study. Staining reactions were graded in a sliding scale of –, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+. In an assessment of 100 cells, each cell with weak, and moderate to strong positive reaction were assigned a score of 1 and 4, respectively. Staining reaction of ≥+2 and scores >100 were considered positive. Frequency of cases with ≥+2 reaction, and scores >100 for each of Galectin‐3, CD‐44, and HBME‐1 were significantly higher in PTC or combined PTC and S/O PTC cases as compared with FLUS and benign cases taken together (P = 0.01744 to 0.00000). When the cases were compared according to histological malignant and benign diagnoses, the difference was also significant in respect of ≥+2 reaction, and scores >100 for Galectin‐3 and CD44 (P = 0.04923 to 0.00947); however, there was no significant difference, when these parameters for HBME1 were compared. Galectin 3, CD 44, and to some extent HBME 1 are useful immunocytochemical parameters with potential to support FNAC diagnosis of PTC, especially in situations with difficult differential diagnoses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:498–505. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Utility of galectin 3 expression in thyroid aspirates as a diagnostic marker in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms

Galectin-3 is a 31kD beta-galactoside binding lectin, which is known to be expressed in various neoplasms including thyroid tumors. This study was conducted to study the role of galectin-3 in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules onfine needle aspirates (FNAC). Galectin-3 immuocytochemistry was performed in 70 cases with adequate smears. The cytology diagnosis of these cases was: papillary carcinoma (25), follicular neoplasm (16), adenomatous goiter (20), hyperplastic nodule (5), medullary carcinoma (5) and anaplastic carcinoma (1). Galectin-3 positivity was seen in 80% of papillary carcinomas, 37.5% offollicular neoplasms and in 60% of benign nodules. The single case of anaplastic carcinoma was positive but all the cases of medullary carcinoma were negativefor galectin-3. Three of thefollicular neoplasms that were diagnosed on histology as carcinoma were positive on cytology and one case offollicular adenoma was also positive. Our study shows that galectin-3 is strongly expressed in smears of papillary carcinoma. However, since it is also expressed in a variety of benign lesions, its role as a pre-surgical markerfor differentiating benignfrom malignant thyroid nodules is limited.     

Can CD10 be used as a diagnostic marker in thyroid pathology?

CD10–common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen is a membrane-bound zinc metalloproteinase that is expressed by different hematopoietic cell types at unique stages of lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. It was reported to be expressed in various nonlymphoid cells and tissue, as well as in various types of neoplasms. Recently, it has been found to be useful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant follicular-patterned lesions of the thyroid. In the present study, we evaluated the staining pattern of CD10 in various thyroid lesions, including 14 benign and 61 malignant cases, as well as in adjacent thyroid tissue. CD10 was negative in normal thyroid tissue, adenomatous nodules, minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, and well-differentiated carcinoma. It was expressed in nine of 14 (64.2%) conventional papillary carcinomas, four of 24 (16.6%) follicular variant of papillary carcinomas, three of six (50%) papillary microcarcinomas, one of nine (11.1%) widely invasive follicular carcinomas, and three of ten (30%) follicular adenomas. In contrast to results of previous studies, CD10 is not useful in the classification of thyroid follicular lesions as benign or malignant, but it shows strong positivity in conventional papillary carcinoma.     

Expression of CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 in benign and malignant breast lesions: correlation and colocalization with hyaluronan

AIMS: To examine the expression of CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 in breast lesions, and to correlate it with the expression of hyaluronan (HA). Methods and results: CD 44 expression was studied in 75 breast tissue samples, consisting of benign, premalignant and malignant breast lesions, using immunohistochemistry. CD 44 s, but not CD 44 v 3 or CD 44 v 6, was found in the stromal cells, and it was similar in benign and malignant tumours. In benign lesions CD 4 v 6 was detected in 20-30% of the ductal epithelial cells, while C 44 v 3 and CD 44 s were not expressed. CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 were all up-regulated in the in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas. The level of CD 44 expression in carcinoma cells did not correlate with the type or differentiation of the tumours. CD 44 and HA expression levels were not closely linked in the benign or malignant breast lesions, because HA was overexpressed later in breast cancer progression than CD 44. However, in breast carcinomas CD 44 and HA positivity was often found in the same areas of the sections, and the dual staining confirmed actual colocalization of CD 44 s and HA in the same cells. Conclusions: CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 are up-regulated earlier than HA in breast carcinoma progression, and in later stages they often colocalize with cell surface HA.     

上皮型钙黏附蛋白、CD44v6及连接蛋白43在肝细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的研究上皮型钙黏附蛋白（E-cad）、CD44v6和连接蛋白43（Cx43）在人肝细胞癌（HCC）中的表达及其表达与患者性别、年龄和组织学分级的关系。方法采用免疫荧光双标记染色技术结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察E—cad、CD44v6及Cx43在30例正常肝组织,25例肝良性病变和38例HCC中的表达;另在HCC组检测并分析了该3种标记物的表达与性别、年龄和组织学分级的关系。结果E—cad与Cx43均在正常肝组织及肝良性病变组高表达,而在HCC组表达都明显降低,前两组与HCC组问表达强度差异均有统计学意义（FE-cad=879．2,F Cx43=303．7,P〈0．05）。相反,CD44v6在正常肝组织及肝良性病变组表达较低,而在HCC中表达较高,差异有统计学意义（F=2057．2,P〈0．05）。HCC组E—cad和Cx43阳性表达强度在患者不同性别、年龄及肿瘤的组织学分级问的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而CD44v6表达与HCC的组织学分级有关,HCC分化差,CD44v6表达高（t=-2．06,P〈0．05）,但不同年龄、性别组HCC的CD44v6阳性表达强度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HCC组E—cad与Cx43的表达呈正相关,而E—cad、Cx43与CD44v6的表达呈负相关。结论HCC的发生、发展伴随着多种分子表型的改变。E—cad、Cx43的低表达与CD44v6的高表达可能参与HCC的侵袭,尤其是CD44v6的表达还与HCC的组织学分级相关。三者联合检测对判断HCC的诊断和预后有一定价值。     

食管癌组织中多药耐药相关蛋白和CD44v6的表达

目的　探讨多药耐药相关蛋白 (multidrugresistance associatedprotein ,MRP)和CD44v6在食管癌组织中表达的意义 ,以及两者之间的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学S P法检测 74例食管癌组织中MRP和CD44v6的蛋白表达。结果　MRP和CD44v6在食管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为 5 1 4 %和 83 8%,食管癌中MRP的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度和淋巴结转移呈正相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与肿瘤的分化程度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。CD44v6在食管癌中的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度和淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而与肿瘤的分化程度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。CD44v6在MRP阳性食管癌中的表达明显高于其在MRP阴性食管癌中的表达 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　肿瘤多药耐药可能与肿瘤转移有关 ,检测食管癌中MRP和CD44v6的表达可能反映肿瘤细胞的生物学行为。     

甲状腺结节的超声诊断及超声征象分析

目的 分析甲状腺结节的超声诊断及超声征象特点。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月~2019年3月在我院诊治的50例（62个甲状腺结节）甲状腺结节并行手术治疗的患者临床资料,术前均行超声诊断,比较超声检查与手术病理对结节分型的诊断率、良恶性结节的诊断率、良恶性结节超声诊断指标（边界不清楚、形态不规则、内部回声低、无声晕、有钙化、纵横比≥1）发生率、良恶性结节血流信号分布情况,结果 超声诊断50例,62个甲状腺结节与术后病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;良性（72.58%）和恶性结节（27.41%）超声诊断率分别与术后病理诊断率69.35%、30.64%比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）, 恶性结节超声诊断指标边界不清楚、形态不规则、内部回声低、无声晕、有钙化、纵横比≥1发生率与良性结节比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;甲状腺良性结节血流信号分布少于恶性结节,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 超声诊断甲状腺结节准确率高,对患者无创伤、操作简单,且可显示良恶性结节超声征象特点,为良恶性鉴别诊断提供可靠的参考依据,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

甲状腺结节钙化在超声诊断甲状腺癌中的价值

目的 分析甲状腺结节钙化在超声诊断甲状腺癌中的价值。方法 选取2017年1月~2019年5月在我院诊治的94例甲状腺结节伴钙化患者临床资料,比较术前超声诊断钙化灶情况与临床病理诊断结果,分析甲状腺结节钙化与超声诊断甲状腺癌之间的相关性。结果 病理检查确诊良性结节56例,恶性结节38例;超声检查显示恶性结节患者的钙化结节单发76.31%、边界不清晰83.92%、钙化灶微钙化71.05%,均高于良性结节患者的44.64%、10.52%、28.57%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;恶性甲状腺肿瘤患者病理类型不同,其结节钙化情况也不同,甲状腺结节微钙化比均高于粗钙化比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 甲状腺结节钙化可作为临床超声诊断与鉴别甲状腺癌的重要依据,结节单发、边界不清晰、钙化灶微钙化有助于甲状腺癌的鉴别诊断。     

能谱CT测定甲状腺组织碘含量的临床研究

目的利用宝石cT能谱成像技术（GSI）测量甲状腺乳头状癌与结节性甲状腺肿患者非瘤区甲状腺组织内碘含量,并与正常甲状腺内碘含量比较,探索甲状腺碘含量与甲状腺疾病的关系。方法收集北京大学深圳医院2011年8月—2013年7月接受甲状腺能谱CT检查并经手术病理证实的甲状腺病变患者36例,其中甲状腺乳头状癌18例、结节性甲状腺肿18例。正常甲状腺对照组15例,为怀疑颈部或颈椎疾病进行能谱CT扫描,无甲状腺功能及结构异常。使用GE公司宝石CT（GEDiscoveryCT750HI）CT）GSI模式扫描,图像采集后用GSIViewer浏览器处理,在碘基图中对结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺乳头状癌病变外正常甲状腺组织及正常对照组甲状腺组织进行测量,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验及t检验进行统计学分析并探究其碘含量的分布特点。结果甲状腺乳头状癌中非瘤区腺体组织与正常甲状腺、结节性甲状腺肿中非瘤区腺体组织与正常甲状腺碘含量两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,甲状腺乳头状癌中非瘤区腺体组织与结节性甲状腺肿中非瘤区腺体组织的碘含量比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,甲状腺乳头状癌中非瘤区腺体组织与结节性甲状腺肿中非瘤区腺体组织甲状腺碘含量呈“U”型分布。结论cT能谱成像技术作为一种新的方法,能够无创性地检测人体甲状腺碘含量,此技术将有助于进一步揭示甲状腺碘含量与甲状腺疾病关系。