2型糖尿病患者异常活动脑区的改变

目的 应用静息态脑功能技术观察2型糖尿病患者脑区活动性的异常改变.方法 选择24例符合2型糖尿病诊断标准的患者为糖尿病组,与之匹配的24例健康志愿者为对照组,均进行头颅MR扫描,将采集的临床资料及提取活动性异常脑区进行多元回归分析.结果 2型糖尿病患者组相对于对照组存在多个异常的脑区活动ALFF值降低的脑区在颞叶、左扣带回、左小脑,增强的脑区位于右额叶、左海马、双侧楔叶.楔叶及颞叶改变与糖化血红蛋白存在相关性,楔叶与餐后血糖存在正相关.结论 2型糖尿病患者在尚未出现并发症阶段即出现脑区异常的改变,及早发现脑部病变对于临床早期发现及诊治具有积极意义.     

利用脑局部一致性方法对儿童全身强直发作性癫痫的研究

目的　应用静息态功能磁共振局部一致性方法研究儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者脑区异常活动,探讨其发生的病理生理机制。 方法　对8例儿童全身强直发作性癫痫患者和30例正常儿童进行磁共振扫描,并计算全脑局部一致性的值,进行组间比较并研究局部一致性与病程的相关性。 结果　与对照组相比,癫痫组ReHo值增高的脑区为大脑深部核团（扣带回,丘脑,楔前叶等）,运动相关脑区,额下回,枕叶,颞叶和小脑;ReHo值降低的脑区为双侧额中回、右侧颞中回、左侧颞上回、双侧中央后回、左侧舌回。全身强直发作性癫痫与病程呈正相关的脑区为左侧楔前叶、左侧顶上小叶、右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回;与病程呈负相关的脑区为右侧楔前叶、右侧角回、中央旁小叶。 结论　局部一致性分析方法可以有效地反映癫痫患者异常的神经功能变化,有助于发现强直发作性癫痫发生的病理生理机制。     

基于ReHo方法的大学生网络成瘾静息功能磁共振成像研究

目的:探讨网络成瘾大学生静息状态脑功能特点。方法:采用ReHo分析方法 ,19名网络成瘾大学生及19名对照进行磁共振脑功能成像,比较两组平均脑ReHo图的差异。结果:IAD组ReHo值升高区域主要集中在小脑、脑干、扣带回(右侧)、双侧海马旁回、右侧额叶(直回,额中回及额下回)、左侧额上回、左侧楔前叶、右侧中央后回、右侧枕中回、右侧颞下回、左侧颞上回及颞中回;ReHo降低的区域仅表现在左侧顶叶的楔前叶。结论:网络成瘾大学生局域一致性存在异常,大部分脑区同步性增强,小脑、脑干、边缘叶、额顶叶同步性增强可能与网络成瘾奖赏通路有关。     

经手术和语音康复后非综合征型唇腭裂儿童静息态脑功能改变的磁共振特征

目的：探讨非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCLP）患儿在外科修复术和语音治疗康复后静息状态脑功能模式。方法：选取北京儿童医院和北京口腔医院就诊的28例NSCLP儿童和28例性别和年龄相匹配的健康者（对照组）,进行3DT1和静息态功能性磁共振数据采集。使用DPARSFA软件进行预处理并计算低频振幅（ALFF）和局部一致性（ReHo）,采用双样本t检验评价组间差异（TFCE校正, P<0.05）。对于有显著性差异脑区的静息态脑功能参数与汉语语言清晰度量表（CLCDS）评分进行相关性分析。结果：NSCLP患儿左颞中回、左枕中回、右楔叶、右楔前叶、左中央后回、左顶上小叶ALFF值明显降低。与对照组相比,ReHo值降低脑区包括左侧的中央后回、中央前回、顶上小叶、缘上回和旁中央小叶。异常脑区的ALFF值和ReHo值与CLCDS评分无显著性相关。结论：经外科修复手术和语音治疗康复后的NSCLP患儿静息态自发性神经元活动及其协调性仍未达到正常水平,且以优势半球的语言相关脑区异常为主。     

脑结构形态学改变是精神分裂症的遗传内表型

目的 通过对首发精神分裂症患者及其未患病同胞的磁共振成像脑结构分析,探讨遗传因素对脑结构改变的影响程度,为发现精神分裂症的遗传内表型提供实验依据.方法 采用优化的基于体素的形态学研究方法对15例首发精神分裂症患者、19名首发精神分裂症患者未患病同胞及38名正常对照的大脑磁共振图像进行处理,采用一般线性模型进行统计分析.结果 与正常对照组相比,患者组在双侧颢叶、双侧枕叶、左侧岛叶、左侧额叶额上回及右豆状核苍白球灰质有明显减少;在双侧顶叶及双侧边缘叶扣带回灰质增加;未患病同胞组在右侧颞叶、双侧枕叶、左侧岛叶及左侧额叶中央前回等区域灰质明显减少;在左侧顶叶及双侧小脑后叶灰质增加.患者较同胞左侧顶叶楔前叶灰质有增加,未发现两者其他区域存在明显差异.结论 精神分裂症患者及其同胞存在相似的脑结构异常,遗传因素可能是导致精神分裂症脑结构异常的重要因素,提示脑结构形态学改变是精神分裂症的遗传内表型.     

精神分裂症静息状态下的功能磁共振成像研究

目的：利用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和局部一致性（regional homogeneity，ReHo）方法探测精神分裂症患者在静息状态下是否存在脑功能异常。方法：对18例精神分裂症患者和18例正常对照进行静息状态的fMRI检查，应用ReHo方法处理fMRI数据。结果：与正常人相比，精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑的BOLD信号的ReHo普遍降低（P〈0．05）。ReHo降低的脑区有双侧额叶内侧回、颞上回、颞下回、枕中回、枕下回和小脑后叶；左侧扣带回前部、海马回、颞中回、中央后回和脑桥；右侧额上回、顶上小叶、楔前叶、中央旁小叶、中央前回和小脑蚓部。结论：精神分裂症患者在静息状态下即可能存在脑功能异常，ReHo可能有助于精神分裂症静息状态的理解。     

女性重性抑郁症患者识别动态面部表情的神经基础的fMRI研究

目的:利用事件相关设计的功能磁共振成像技术探讨汉族女性抑郁症患者明确和不明确识别动态面部表情的神经基础.方法:以15例女性重性抑郁症患者为病例组(抑郁组),与之相匹配的健康者为对照组,利用配对t检验比较两组在明确和不明确识别动态面部表情时激活脑区的差异,设对比有差异(P＜0.001,未校正)的体素范围(K值)≥10为具有显著性差异.结果:(1)与对照组相比,抑郁组在明确识别动态喜悦表情时右枕中回、右顶下小叶、左中央后回、右中央前回、右楔前叶活动增高,而右顶上小叶、左顶上小叶等区域活动降低;抑郁组在不明确识别动态喜悦表情时右顶下小叶活动增高,而右楔叶、右中央后回、左顶上小叶等区域活动降低.(2)与对照组相比,抑郁组在明确识别动态悲伤表情时右枕中回、左中央后回、左楔前叶活动增高,而左额中回活动降低;抑郁组在不明确识别动态悲伤表情时左梭状回、右中央前回、右楔前叶、左颞上回、左缘上回、边缘叶(两侧海马旁回、左后扣带回)、皮质下区以及中脑等区域活动增高,而右中央后回、颞叶等区域活动降低.结论:抑郁症患者和正常对照在识别喜悦情绪时,与情绪产生的相关脑区活动无明显差异,脑区激活的主要差异表现为明确状态下感知面部运动能力降低,而在不明确状态时却增强;而患者在识别悲伤表情时都表现为情绪产生相关脑区活动增强,而情绪调节相关脑区活动减弱,这种异常在无意识状态下(不明确条件下)更为明显.     

精神分裂症患者吸烟的静息态功能磁共振研究

目的:精神分裂症患者高吸烟率的原因尚不明确,静息态功能磁共振是一个比较好的工具来探索该现象的神经影像学机制。方法:采用局部一致性(Regional homogeneity,ReHo)的方法比较吸烟精神分裂症患者和不吸烟精神分裂症患者,以及不吸烟精神分裂症患者和正常不吸烟对照者之间的静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)图像。结果:设P0.001,与不吸烟精神分裂症患者相比,吸烟精神分裂症患者在左内侧额回ReHo值下降,左侧小脑后叶与左侧舌回ReHo值升高,且吸烟精神分裂症患者左侧小脑后叶的ReHo值与患者每日吸烟支数显著相关(r=0.635,P=0.027);与正常不吸烟对照组相比,不吸烟精神分裂症患者双侧内侧额回、右侧颞叶、左侧楔叶ReHo值升高,右侧前扣带回、双侧中央后回、双侧丘脑ReHo值下降。结论:吸烟精神分裂症患者存在左侧小脑后叶,左内侧额回与左侧舌回的局部一致性异常,此发现可能有助于我们探索精神分裂症患者人群吸烟的脑影像学机制。     

成人岛叶纤维连接的显示和分析

目的:显示和分析岛叶与端脑额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶及边缘系统和丘脑等的连接情况.方法:联合应用DSI-studio和Brian Suite软件对20例脑连接组项目的T1加权数据和磁共振弥散进行处理,通过纤维束重建、脑结构配准、纤维束连接分析等过程,分析岛叶与脑其他结构连接情况.结果:Brian Suite软件生成的脑连接分析图中可见左右两侧岛叶与额叶、顶叶、颞叶、边缘系统、丘脑、基底核均有联系.通过三维纤维束重建,可见连接岛叶与其他脑区的纤维束有钩束、下额枕束、外囊、上额枕束、弓状束等.结论:通过成人脑岛叶与其他脑区纤维联系的研究,可为后续岛叶相关功能和临床研究提供结构和方法学上的帮助.     

静息态下抑郁症患者脑功能与临床症状的相关性

目的: 探讨静息态下抑郁症患者脑局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)与抑郁症状群的关联.方法: 17名首发重性抑郁症患者与17名性别、年龄、教育程度相匹配的健康者参与了静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)的扫描.将患者的脑ReHo值与其抑郁症状群进行相关分析,设P<0.005,k值≥10为相关具有统计学意义.结果: 抑郁症患者以下症状群与脑区的相关具有统计学意义.焦虑与右前额中部、左脑岛ReHo值呈负相关(r=-0.85,-0.55;均P<0.001);认知障碍与左前额中部、右脑岛ReHo值负相关(r=-0.83,-0.67;P<0.01),而与右海马旁回ReHo值正相关(r=0.90;P<0.01);迟缓与左前额中部、右额下回、右尾状核ReHo值负相关(r=-0.66,-0.67,-0.55;均P<0.001),而与右前扣带回腹侧ReHo值呈正相关(r=0.80,P<0.001);睡眠障碍与左楔前叶、右脑岛ReHo值负相关(r=-0.72,-0.66;P<0.01);绝望感与左后扣带回ReHo值负相关(r=-0.84,P<0.001).结论: 本研究提示抑郁症患者的焦虑、认知障碍、迟缓、睡眠障碍及绝望感症状可能是部分特定的脑神经异常活动的表现.     

遭受多重侵害高职高专女生静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的:探讨遭受多重侵害的高职高专女生静息态脑功能磁共振特点。方法:15名遭受多重侵害无创伤后应激症状被试(PV无PTSS组)、15名多重侵害有创伤后应激症状被试(PV有PTSS组)和15名正常对照接受静息态脑功能扫描。采用SPM8和静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包分别进行数据预处理和ReHo分析。结果:静息状态下,与对照组相比,PV无PTSS组左侧额下回、左右额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧梭状回、左右海马旁回、右侧扣带回、左右豆状核和右侧岛叶的ReHo值降低;左右额上回、左右额中回、左右额下回、左右顶下小叶、左右楔前叶、左右颞上回、左侧颞横回、左右颞中回、右侧舌回和右侧扣带后回的ReHo值升高。与PV有PTSS组相比,PV无PTSS组在右侧额中回和额下回、左侧楔前叶、左侧舌回、左右海马旁回、左侧扣带回和左侧豆状核ReHo值降低;在左右额上回、左右额中回、左侧额内侧回、右侧中央后回、左侧缘上回、左右顶下小叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核ReHo值升高。结论:遭受多重侵害但无创伤后应激症状的高职高专女生在静息状态下脑默认网络以及岛叶、基底神经节、海马旁回存在局部一致性信号异常,这些脑区异常可能为遭受多重侵害导致精神障碍的发病机制提供重要线索。     

Activation of brain regions using task-state FMRI in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis

Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis was performed to examine the activation characteristics of cognition-related brain regions in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The databases PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CNKI, WFSD, and VIP were systematically searched. The software Ginger-ALE 3.0.2 was used for coordinate unification and meta-analysis. Seven studies with a total of 314 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that compared with healthy subjects, mTBI patients had enhanced activation in the left anterior angular gyrus, left occipital joint visual, left midbrain, right temporal angular gyrus, right cerebellar tonsil, left frontal insula, and right inferior frontal gyrus. mTBI patients had attenuated activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, left cerebellar anterior lobe, left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, right middle frontal gyrus, right posterior cingulate gyrus, left joint visual, left supramarginal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right precuneus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right frontal eye field, right lower parietal gyrus, corpus callosum, right frontal pole region, and left prefrontal lobe. Further joint analysis revealed that the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus was a region of attenuated co-activation. The dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus showing attenuated activation was the main brain region distinguishing mTBI patients from healthy subjects. Cognitive deficits could be associated with attenuated activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe of the right middle frontal gyrus, which could be due to a decline in the recruitment ability of the neural network involved in controlling attention.     

Altered Structure and Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Post-stroke Aphasia

Previous studies have demonstrated that alterations of gray matter exist in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients. However, so far, few studies combined structural alterations of gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) imbalances of resting-state functional MRI to investigate the mechanism underlying PSA. The present study investigated specific regions with GMV abnormality in patients with PSA (n?=?17) and age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs, n?=?20) using voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we examined whether there is a link between abnormal gray matter and altered iFC. Furthermore, we explored the correlations between abnormal iFC and clinical scores in aphasic patients. We found significantly increased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL)/supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left middle occipital gyrus. Decreased GMV was found in the right caudate gyrus, bilateral thalami in PSA patients. Patients showed increased remote interregional FC between the right IPL/SMG and right precuneus, right angular gyrus, right superior occipital gyrus; while reduced FC in the right caudate gyrus and supplementary motor area, dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Moreover, iFC strength between the left middle occipital gyrus and the left orbital middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with the performance quotient. We suggest that GMV abnormality contributes to interregional FC in PSA. These results may provide useful information to understand the pathogenesis of post-stroke aphasia.     

原发性失眠患者大脑背外侧前额叶的异常静息态功能连接

目的:利用功能连接方法观察原发性失眠患者静息态下的背外侧前额叶的异常功能连接。方法:采集33 例原 发性失眠患者以及33 例年龄、性别和受教育程度相匹配的健康对照的功能磁共振图像,以背外侧前额叶为感兴趣区 域,与全脑其他体素进行功能连接分析,得到两组之间功能连接的差异脑区,再对异常功能连接脑区与临床的量表分 数做相关分析。结果:与对照组相比,发现失眠患者左侧背外侧前额叶与左侧枕下回、右侧枕下回、右侧枕中回、右侧 颞叶、左侧额中回,左侧额下回以及右侧梭状回之间的功能连接增强（P<0.05,体素簇个数≥100,FDR校正）,与左侧前 扣带皮层、右侧海马旁回、右侧脑岛、右侧背外侧额上回、右侧顶上回、右侧中央后回以及右侧中央前回之间的功能连 接减弱（P<0.05,体素簇个数≥100,FDR校正）。并且左侧背外侧前额叶与左侧枕叶下回的功能连接值与睡眠状况自评 量表分数成正相关（P=0.035）。结论:原发性失眠患者背外侧前额叶与大脑多个脑区出现异常的功能连接,可能为理 解原发性失眠患者的神经机制提供一些新的影像学依据。     

Comparative study of regional homogeneity in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder

Compelling evidence suggests that there is a considerable overlap in structural and functional alternation in the brain between different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, whether these overlaps are specific for schizophrenia has yet to be investigated. A total of 36 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 43 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 44 healthy controls were recruited to undergo resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) for analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal and temporal lobes were generated and one‐way ANOVA was performed to test the ReHo differences within these ROIs between the above three groups. The ReHo values within ROIs were extracted to investigate whether a left‐right asymmetry existed in a mental disorder. One‐way ANOVA showed significant differences in ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus; post hoc analysis revealed that schizophrenic patients had lower ReHo in the left superior temporal gyrus than either control subjects or patients with MDD. Increased ReHo was observed in the right superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, and a left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry was also found in this region in schizophrenic patients. The above alterations in ReHo were not affected by age and genders. Our study suggests that the altered ReHo in the superior frontal and temporal gyrus may be specific for schizophrenia rather than MDD. A left‐less‐than‐right asymmetry activation pattern may exist in the resting‐state superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia. This finding would be helpful for better understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Feedback-related negativity encodes outcome uncertainty in the gain domain but not in the loss domain

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has facilitated the study of spontaneous brain activity by measuring low-frequency oscillations in blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals. Analyses of regional homogeneity (ReHo), which reflects the local synchrony of neural activity, have been used to reveal the mechanisms underlying the brain dysfunction in various neuropsychiatric diseases. However, it is not known whether the ReHo is altered in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). We recruited 18 healthy controls and 18 patients with MHE. The ReHo was calculated to assess the strength of the local signal synchrony. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with MHE had significantly decreased ReHo in the cuneus and adjacent precuneus, and left inferior parietal lobe, whereas the regions showing increased ReHo in patients with MHE included the left parahippocampal gyrus, right cerebellar vermis, and bilateral anterior cerebellar lobes. We found a positive correlation between the mean ReHo in the cuneus and adjacent precuneus and the score on the digit-symbol test in the patient group. In conclusion, the analysis of the regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity may provide additional information with respect to a clinical definition of MHE.