2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤疗效分析

目的：探讨2μ激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的临床效果。方法：应用2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者35例,激光功率30～50W。术后配合化疗药物或卡介苗行膀胱灌注治疗,观察其疗效。结果：肿瘤完整切除,操作时间15～60min,平均30min。术后所有患者均得到随访,随访时间3～8个月,无复发。结论：2μm激光治疗多发性非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤出血少、创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效可靠。     

钬激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性评价

目的 以TURBt作为对照,评价经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HoLRBt)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效与安全性. 方法 回顾性研究212例原发性膀胱肿瘤患者临床资料.按治疗方式分为HoLRBt组(n=101)和TURBt组(n=111),每组患者按复发风险分为低、中及高危3个亚组.比较2组患者术前、术中和术后相关临床指标,Kaplan-Meier分析比较2组整体及每个亚组的无复发生存率(RFS). 结果 2组患者性别、年龄、肿瘤特点、复发风险等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HoLRBt组未发生闭孔神经反射,TURBt组发生闭孔神经反射7例(6.3%)、膀胱穿孔3例(2.7%).HoLRBt组术后需要膀胱冲洗患者比例(23.8%)、留置尿管时间[(1.4±0.5)d]和术后住院时间[(2.9±0.7)d]均＜TURBt组(P＜0.05),后者分别为36.9%、(2.5±0.9)d、(4.4±1.1)d.平均随访34(18～43)个月,Kaplan-Meier分析HoLRBt与TURBt组RFS差异无统计学意义(P=0.283).其中HoLRBt组1、2、3年RFS分别为81.4%、69.5%、56.5%,TURBt组分别为75.6%、60.1%、45.2%.结论 HoLRBt治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤近期RFS与TURBt相近,术中并发症及术后恢复时间优于TURBt.     

绿激光和RevoLix 2微米激光治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的比较研究

目的比较选择性绿激光和RevoLix 2微米激光手术系统治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤的安全性及疗效。方法选择性绿激光和RevoLix 2微米激光手术系统治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤各42例,全部肿瘤均为膀胱移行细胞癌,肿瘤病理分级为G1～G2,临床分期为T1～T2。绿激光组采用非接触式绿激光治疗系统,对肿瘤进行汽化切除;2微米激光组采用RevoLix 2微米激光手术系统,对肿瘤予以汽化切割。结果2组手术均成功,所有患者均未输血,无闭孔神经反射及膀胱穿孔、尿外渗,无水中毒。绿激光组手术时间（15.3±10.5）min与2微米激光组（14.3±6.5）min无统计学差异（t=0.525,P=0.601）;绿激光组尿管留置（6.3±0.5）d与2微米激光组（6.3±1.2）d无统计学差异（t=0.000,P=0.999）;绿激光组术后住院（6.3±3.5）d与2微米激光组（7.2±2.4）d无统计学差异（t=-1.374,P=0.173）。术后随访半年,绿激光组5例复发,复发率11.9%（5/42）,2微米激光组3例复发,复发率7.1%（3/42）,2组复发率无统计学差异（χ2=0.138,P=0.710）。结论选择性绿激光和RevoLix 2微米激光手术系统治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤都有效和安全,术中、术后并发症少,术后复发率低,但对其长远疗效尚须进一步观察,对T2期以上的膀胱肿瘤应采用开放手术治疗。     

经尿道2μm激光膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌

目的探讨采用RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效。方法采用2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌86例,其中单发肿瘤49例,多发肿瘤37例,肿瘤直径0.4～3.0cm,术前病理均提示低级别尿路上皮癌。术后6h膀胱内灌注化疗药物。结果全部手术均成功,手术时间10～45min,平均20min,术中出血极少,无闭孔神经反射及膀胱穿孔、尿外渗,无水中毒。尿管留置5～8d,平均6d。术后82例获随访4～26个月,仅5例(6.1%)非原手术区复发。结论 RevoLix2μm激光经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是有效和安全的,术中、术后并发症少,术后复发率低,但对其长远疗效还需进一步观察。     

2μm连续式激光治疗初发非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的:通过与经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBT)比较,探讨2μm连续式激光治疗初发非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤(NMIBC)的可行性。方法:通过前瞻性随机化分组方法,将2006年1月~2010年12月收治入院的400例初发膀胱肿瘤患者分为TURBT组及2μm连续式激光治疗组(TULVBT组),TURBT组行标准TURBT,TULVBT组采用2μm连续式激光汽化处理膀胱肿瘤后,以环形附件清理肿瘤基底部焦痂,随后改以膀胱镜行基底部活检。对疑有首次腔内手术肿瘤残余或术后病理缺少膀胱肌层者,于术后3~4周行重复TURBT(reTURBT)。所有患者每3个月随访膀胱镜至术后2年,随后改为每6个月1次。结果:共292例患者纳入本项研究,其中TURBT组143例,TULVBT组149例,两组肿瘤相关资料的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TURBT组手术时间(28.43±13.19)min,TULVBT组(31.51±12.80)min(P=0.044)。TURBT组中6例因闭孔反射致膀胱穿孔,其中1例中止手术,TULVBT组未出现严重术中并发症。44例接受re-TURBT,TURBT组17例(11.9%),TULVBT组27例(18.1%)(P=0.137),其中因切除物病理无肿瘤下膀胱肌层27例,TURBT组9例(6.3%),TULVBT组18例(12.1%)(P=0.088)。129例36个月内出现肿瘤复发,TURBT组61例(42.7%),TULVBT组68例(45.6%)(P=0.608)。平均无肿瘤复发生存时间TURBT组为(25.46±13.18)个月,TULVBT组(24.88±12.85)个月(P=0.729)。19例肿瘤进展,TURBT组11例(7.7%),TULVBT组8例(5.4%)(P=0.421)。结论:2μm连续式激光可作为治疗初发NMIBC的手段,辅以常规膀胱镜下活检即可获得较完整的肿瘤病理资料,可获得与TURBT相似的治疗效果。     

半导体激光联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤

目的 探讨经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的手术方法并评估其安全性和有效性.方法 2014年7月至2015年7月采用经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者62例,术后定期行吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗.记录手术时间、术中出血情况、手术并发症、膀胱持续冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后住院天数及术后复发情况等.结果 手术平均时间为(30.5±12.8)min,术中出血少,均未出现闭孔神经反射、膀胱穿孔、水中毒、尿外渗、继发性出血等并发症,术后平均膀胱冲洗时间为(6.15 ±2.33)h,术后平均留置尿管时间为(7.33±1.54)d,术后平均住院时间为(8.21±1.26)d.术后随访6～18个月,3例异位复发.结论 经尿道半导体激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术联合吉西他滨膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的方法安全有效,并且该术式能够提供肿瘤准确分级、分期信息,值得临床推广应用.     

经尿道钬激光切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌临床疗效分析

目的 系统评价经尿道钬激光切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(non muscle-invasive bladder cancer,NMIBC)的有效性和安全性,为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的治疗提供临床治疗依据.方法 回顾性分析46例经尿道钬激光切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者临床资料,所有患者术前均行静脉尿路造影、CT及膀胱镜活检等明确诊断为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌.结果 46例患者均手术顺利,手术时间(22.4±12.4) min,术后膀胱冲洗量(2.1±0.6)L,术后保留导尿管时间(2.1±0.6)d,术后住院时间(2.5±1.1)d,无严重出血、膀胱穿孔及闭孔神经反射等并发症.46例患者均获随访,随访时间3 ～ 36个月,3例膀胱肿瘤异位复发,无原位复发病例.结论 经尿道钬激光切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌具有操作简单,对膀胱组织损伤小,术中出血少,是一种疗效安全可靠的微创术式.     

非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤灌注治疗进展

非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤术后灌注治疗是防止肿瘤复发和恶变的最有力的保护措施.现就膀胱灌注药物、灌注方法 的选择、灌注疗效的观察和常用膀胱灌注药物作一综述.     

经尿道不同膀胱切除术在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌治疗中的疗效对比

目的 探讨并比较经尿道不同膀胱切除术在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)治疗中的疗效.方法 选择2010年5月至2013年5月于本院进行治疗的91例NMIBC患者,根据手术方法分为经尿道钬激光膀胱肿瘤切除术(HOLRBT)组45例和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)组46例.记录并比较其手术时间、术中出血量、膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间、术后住院时间等手术情况和并发症发生等资料差异.所有患者随访两年,记录肿瘤复发情况和其累积复发率.结果 两组患者的手术时间差异并无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与电切术组患者相比,HOLRBT组患者的术中出血量较少,膀胱冲洗时间、尿管留置时间和术后住院时间较短,并发症发生率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者的两年累积复发率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 与TURBT相比,HOLRBT在治疗NMIBC疗效确切,能够改善患者预后,值得临床进一步推广.     

Surgical bladder preserving strategies in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Single modality bladder-sparing therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including transurethral resection (TUR), partial cystectomy, systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, have been demonstrated to result in insufficient local control of the primary tumour, as well as decreased long-term survival in the patients when compared to radical cystectomy. Therefore, multimodality treatment protocols that aim at bladder preservation and involve all of the aforementioned approaches have been established. Arguments for combining systemic chemotherapy with radiation are to sensitise tumour tissue to radiotherapy and to eradicate occult metastases that have already developed in as many as 50% of patients at the time of first diagnosis. It has been shown that the clinical outcome observed with this approach approximates that after radical cystectomy. Additionally, a substantial number of patients survive with an intact bladder. However, bladder-sparing approaches are costly, and require close co-operation between different clinical specialists as well as careful follow-up. The good long-term results that are observed after cystectomy and the creation of an orthotopic neobladder make the substantial advantage of a bladder preservation strategy questionable when the patient's quality of life is addressed. Additionally, bladder-sparing therapy-related side effects might result in an increased morbidity and mortality in those patients who need to undergo surgery due to recurrent or progressive disease. Multimodality bladder-sparing treatment is a therapeutic option that can be offered to the patient at centres that have a dedicated multidisciplinary team at their disposal. However, radical cystectomy remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.     

Prognostic value of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with transurethral resection of bladder with or without intravesical therapy.

DNA修复基因多态性与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌易感性的相关性

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群中DNA修复基因多态性与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌遗传易感性的关系. 方法 采用Taqman探针实时荧光定量PCR技术、病例对照研究方法,采集研究对象外周静脉血,检测94例病理证实原发非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者和304例非肿瘤对照者的3个DNA修复基因(XPC,XPG,XRCC1)中的3个单核苷酸多态性位点.应用非条件Logistic回归模型,调整混杂因素后,分析各基因型与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌发生的关系以及与肿瘤临床病理特征之间的关系. 结果 膀胱癌组的XPC 939 Lys/Gln和XPC 939Gln/Gln基因型频率(70.0%,63/90)显著高于对照组(60.9%,185/304),XPG 1104 Asp/His和XPG 1104 His/His基因型频率(79.2%,57/72)亦高于对照组(73.0%,203/278).调整性别、年龄、吸烟等因素后,XPC 939 Lys/Gln和XPC939Gln/Gln基因型频率在膀胱癌患者中明显增高(校正OR为1.89,95%CI 1.14～3.23,P=0.02);XPG 1104 Asp/His和XPG 1104 His/His基因型频率在膀胱癌患者中轻度增高(校正OR为1.07,95%CI 0.86～1.87,P=0.048).XRCC1 Arg399Gln多态性与膀胱癌无关性(校正OR为1.15,95%CI 0.55～2.40,p=0.27).XPC和XPG多态性与肿瘤临床病理特征之间均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 XPC Lys939Gln和XPG Asp1104His基因多态性与上海地区汉族人群非肌层浸润性膀胱癌易感性有关.     

Bladder-sparing protocols in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Bladder-sparing protocols (BSP) have been gaining widespread popularity as an attractive alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Unimodal therapies are inferior to multimodal regimens. The most promising regimen is trimodal therapy (TMT), which is a combination of maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In appropriately selected patients (low volume unifocal T2 disease, complete TURBT, no hydronephrosis and no carcinoma-in-situ), comparable oncological outcomes to RC have been reported in large retrospective studies, with a potential improvement in overall quality of life (QOL). TMT also offers the possibility for definitive therapy for patients who are not surgically fit to undergo RC. Routine biopsy of previous tumor resection is recommended to assess response. Prompt salvage RC is required in non-responders and for recurrent muscle-invasive disease, while non-muscle-invasive recurrence can be managed conservatively with TURBT +/− intravesical BCG. Long-term follow-up consisting of routine cystoscopy, urine cytology, and cross-section imaging is required. Further studies are warranted to better define the role of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy in the setting of TMT. Finally, future research on predictive markers of response to TMT and on the integration of immunotherapy in bladder sparing protocols is ongoing and is highly promising.     

Neodymium-YAG laser irradiation of stage T2 muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Long-term results

The study group consisted of 15 patients with solitary stage T2 bladder tumours treated with transurethral resection (TUR) and subsequent neodymium-YAG laser irradiation. Ten patients are alive without evidence of cancer 56 to 78 months (mean 67) after treatment; 1 died of cardiovascular disease 2 years after treatment and autopsy revealed no cancer. In 4 patients the treatment failed and cystectomy or external beam radiation was carried out. The long-term results indicate the combination of TUR and laser irradiation to be beneficial in the management of T2 tumours in selected cases.     

2μm激光汽化切除术同期治疗浅表性膀胱癌合并BPH的临床研究

目的:总结2μm激光汽化切除术同期治疗浅表性膀胱癌并前列腺增生(BPH)的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析采用2μm激光汽化切除术同期治疗浅表性膀胱癌并BPH患者24例的临床效果。结果:所有患者手术均获成功,手术时间为76~165min,平均118min,无膀胱穿孔等并发症发生。术后7~9天拔除尿管,发生暂时性尿失禁1例,继发性出血1例。术后随访3~24个月,5例膀胱肿瘤复发,无尿道狭窄等并发症发生。术后3个月,国际前列腺评分由术前(26.29±1.81)分降至术后(12.63±2.41)分(P0.05),生活质量评分由术前(5.04±0.81)分降至术后(1.54±1.14)分(P0.05),最大尿流率由术前(4.67±2.87)ml/s升至术后(14.83±2.14)ml/s(P0.05),膀胱剩余尿量由术前(68.04±18.89)ml降至术后(21.88±11.38)ml(P0.05)。结论:2μm激光汽化切除术是同期治疗浅表性膀胱癌并BPH的一种安全、有效的方法。