耳内镜下经耳道下入路人工耳蜗植入术的解剖研究

目的介绍一种新的耳内镜下经耳道下入路人工耳蜗植入手术方式,探讨各种植入方式的优缺点。方法在3例甲醛固定的成人正常颞骨标本开展新手术方式,并测量相关参数。结果所有标本均在耳内镜下显露圆窗龛,并植入电极,未开放乳突气房和损伤鼓索神经、面神经。圆窗膜外侧缘到鼓索神经出骨性鼓环处距离(a)5.47±0.11mm;圆窗下缘到外耳道下壁6点电极骨槽骨性鼓环端距离(b)5.62±0.43mm;外耳道下壁长度(c)12.63±0.99mm;面神经乳突段到外耳道下壁电极骨槽的最短距离(d)4.65±0.50mm;外耳道上壁长度(e)17.02±1.52mm。结论耳内镜下经耳道下入路人工耳蜗植入术是一种微创、安全、快捷且容易学习的具有可行性的新手术方式,对显微镜下圆窗显露不满意等复杂病例更具有其优势,但其具体效果尚待临床上进一步验证,并且对于其存在的局限性和并发症风险等问题仍需进一步的研究改进。     

经耳道皮下径路人工耳蜗植入术

目的:探讨经耳道皮下径路爱益声人工耳蜗植入手术的可能性.方法:40例双耳重度或极重度聋患儿采用经耳道皮下径路行爱益声人工耳蜗植入,术中行电极阻抗测试和电诱发听性脑干反应,术后拍耳蜗位X线片,术后4周开机验证电极植入位置及工作情况.结果:所有患儿电极全部顺利植入耳蜗内,人工耳蜗装置工作状态正常,术后随访6个月无电极脱出或其它严重并发症发生.结论:爱益声人工耳蜗可以安全地经耳道皮下径路植入.     

经耳道皮下径路人工耳蜗植入术

目的:探讨经耳道皮下径路爱益声人工耳蜗植入手术的可能性.方法:40例双耳重度或极重度聋患儿采用经耳道皮下径路行爱益声人工耳蜗植入,术中行电极阻抗测试和电诱发听性脑干反应,术后拍耳蜗位X线片,术后4周开机验证电极植入位置及工作情况.结果:所有患儿电极全部顺利植入耳蜗内,人工耳蜗装置工作状态正常,术后随访6个月无电极脱出或...     

耳道上径路人工耳蜗植入术特点

1背景传统的耳蜗植入技术是经乳突面神经隐窝径路。经面神经隐窝进入中耳的方法最早由Jasen于1957年[1]提出,之后所有行耳蜗植入的外科医师均应用该方法并取得了成功。然而,该技术存在面神经和鼓索神经损伤的潜在风险[2～4]。Banfai等[5]、Schindler和Merzinich[6]、Chouard和Macleod[7]曾尝试采用耳道内径路行人工耳蜗植入,因有感染和电极从外耳道皮肤脱出而放弃。Colleti等[8]曾采用颅中窝径路,然而该技术并不能为大多     

人工耳蜗植入径路探讨

近年来,人工耳蜗植入术(cochlear implantation,CI)在临床得到了快速发展.针对不同患者结构差异,越来越多的人工耳蜗植入术式出现.理想的手术入路要求既要考虑到保证所选入路的手术成功率,又要想到所选入路的通用性,同时尽量避免并发症的发生.本文回顾了2000年以来CI的研究成果,从CI的手术方式及特点方...     

再次人工耳蜗植入术

目的 通过总结6例再次人工耳蜗植入术中所发现的问题,总结经验并探讨注意事项。方法 与常规的人工耳蜗植入术基本相同,采用“H”型切口切开肌骨膜,有助于缩短手术时间。结果 全部病例均能顺利地再次完全植入电极,再次手术的原因有1例是首次手术未能植入正确的部位;1例是外伤造成植入体断裂;4例植入体不能正常工作,但原因不明。结论 手术切口不宜过小;参照电极应该放在骨膜下;固定植入体的骨床周围要光滑;不要使用不可吸收的缝线;要在抽出旧电极后迅速植入新电极;开机后需要3-4周的时间适应新的电极。     

人工耳蜗植入径路探讨

近年来,人工耳蜗植入术(cochlear implantation,CI)在临床得到了快速发展.针对不同患者结构差异,越来越多的人工耳蜗植入术式出现.理想的手术入路要求既要考虑到保证所选入路的手术成功率,又要想到所选入路的通用性,同时尽量避免并发症的发生.本文回顾了2000年以来CI的研究成果,从CI的手术方式及特点方面进行综述.     

耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术

目的介绍耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术中情况与术后效果，探讨耳蜗骨化时人工耳蜗植入术的可行性。方法回顾性分析31例耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术中和术后的临床资料。结果1995年5月至2005年7月因重度和极重度感音神经性聋接受人工耳蜗植入术的患者720例，术中诊断耳蜗骨化31例（4．3％），其中男14例，女17例；手术时患者年龄1．4～59．0岁，平均13．2岁。轻度骨化27例，严重骨化4例。全部患者均经乳突一面隐窝进路完成人工耳蜗植入术。术中和术后均未出现并发症。患者术后声场听阈均达30～40dB，与无耳蜗骨化的患者相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论尽管耳蜗骨化时人工耳蜗植入手术难度很大，但耳蜗骨化时经常规乳突一面隐窝进路仍能完成电极植入，且轻度耳蜗骨化时能将电极全部植入蜗内，并且对电极损伤极小，术后听力效果好，因此人工耳蜗植入术对于耳蜗轻度骨化具有可行性。     

人工耳蜗植入径路探讨

近年来,人工耳蜗植入术（cochlearimplantation,CI）在临床得NT快速发展。针对不同患者结构差异,越来越多的人工耳蜗植入术式出现。理想的手术入路要求既要考虑到保证所选入路的手术成功率,又要想到所选入路的通用性,同时尽量避免并发症的发生。本文回顾了2000年以来CI的研究成果,从CI的手术方式及特点方面进行综述。     

Cochlear implantation in children

Cochlear implantation has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who receive limited benefits from hearing aids. Children who receive cochlear implantation at young age, in particular before 2 years of age, can be expected to reach their normal age-equivalent developmental milestones and have higher chance to integrate into the mainstream educational settings. With the positive outcomes after cochlear implantation and the improvements in technology and surgical techniques, candidacy for cochlear implantation in children has been expanding to include hearing-impaired children with significant residual hearing, severe inner ear malformations, multiple handicaps such as mental retardation or visual impairment, and auditory neuropathy. Furthermore, there is growing interest in offering bilateral cochlear implantation to give children the benefits of binaural hearing. As the candidacy criteria expand, cochlear implant programs including preoperative evaluation, surgery, and habilitation have become more complex. Therefore, candidates should be selected prudently by multidisciplinary approach and cochlear implantation in children is much better to be provided by experienced cochlear implant team consisting of experts in relevant fields for the best results.     

Cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency

Objective

The aim of this study was to report on auditory performance after cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency.

Methods

A retrospective case review was performed. Five patients with pre-lingual profound sensorineural hearing loss implanted in an ear with cochlear nerve deficiency participated in the study. Postoperative auditory and speech performance was assessed using warble tone average threshold with cochlear implant, speech perception categories, and speech intelligibility ratings. All patients underwent high resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

According to Govaerts classification, three children had a type IIb and two a type IIa cochlear nerve deficiency. Preoperatively, four patients were placed into speech perception category 1 and one into category 2. All patients had an improvement in hearing threshold with the cochlear implant. Despite this, at the last follow-up (range 18–81 months, average 45 months), only one girl benefited from cochlear implantation; she moved from speech perception category 2 to 6 and developed spoken language. Another child developed closed set speech perception and had connected speech that was unintelligible. The other 3 children showed little benefit from the cochlear implant and obtained only an improved access to environmental sounds and improved lipreading skills. None of these 4 children developed a spoken language, but they were all full-time users of their implants.

Conclusions

The outcomes of cochlear implantation in these five children with cochlear nerve deficiency are extremely variable, ranging from sporadic cases in which open set speech perception and acquisition of a spoken language are achieved, to most cases in which only an improved access to environmental sound develops. Regardless of these limited outcomes, all patients in our series use their device on a daily basis and derive benefits in everyday life. In our opinion, cochlear implantation can be a viable option in children with cochlear nerve deficiency, but careful counseling to the family on possible restricted benefit is needed.     

人工耳蜗植入术25例报告

目的：探讨人工耳蜗植入术的方法及疗效。方法：行人工耳蜗植入术25例,男16例,女9例,1—36岁,其中语前聋24例,语后聋1例,语前聋中经CT和MRI证实Mondini畸形1例,前庭导水管扩大3例,耳蜗部分骨化1例。术前行听力学检查,短声ABR阈值均〉100dB,畸变产物耳声发射未引出,经乳突后鼓室径路行人工耳蜗植入术,植入24型K、M型人工耳蜗（澳大利亚产）11例,24contour型14例,术后1月开机调试及跟踪随访。结果：25例均一次植入成功,2例术中脑脊液涌出,包括Mondini畸形、前庭导水管扩大各1例,3例术后出现轻微眩晕,5d后消失,出院前行X线耳蜗电极定位,电极均在耳蜗内,开机调试后患者均能听到声音。结论：为保证植入手术的成功,除手术前严格掌握手术指征外,术中正确处理相关情况也极为重要。     

内耳畸形患儿的人工耳蜗植入

目的：探讨几种内耳畸形患儿的人工耳蜗植入效果。方法：对10例内耳结构异常的感音性耳聋患儿进行了人工耳蜗植入。结果：术后随访0．5～4．0年，10例基本达到了较满意的听觉言语恢复效果。结论：内耳畸形息儿行人工耳蜗植入，应严格进行术前听力学与影像学的评估，严格掌握手术的适应证，可以达到较满意效果。     

Cochlear implantation in a patient with Epstein syndrome

Epstein syndrome is a rare disease which is accompanied by nephritis, sensorineural hearing impairment and macrothrombocytopenia. It has been suggested that this syndrome is a hereditary disease associated with mutations in MYH9, which encodes non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA. We report a case of a patient with Epstein syndrome in whom bilateral profound hearing impairment developed and who had undergone cochlear implantation 9 years previously. Prior to this, the patient showed progressive sensorineural hearing impairment and had become completely deaf by the age of 25. A cochlear implant was successfully used with a speech discrimination score of 98% (sentence test). However, in the present case, peri- and postoperative complications occurred: tympanic perforation remained after a promontory stimulation test, followed by transitory otitis with purulent discharge. Therefore, tympanoplasty was performed simultaneously with cochlear implantation. These complications were considered to be caused by platelet dysfunction and delayed wound healing. Furthermore, cochlear destruction was observed 8 years postoperatively. In Epstein syndrome, the mechanism of osseous change remains uncertain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Epstein syndrome in a patient with long-term use of a CI.     

疑难病例人工耳蜗植入

人工耳蜗植入(CI)是重度、极重度感音神经性聋患者恢复听力的最成功及有效方式,其中疑难病例CI手术主要包括两类,一类是手术难度及风险较高者,另一类是术前耳聋病因不明确、诊断较为困难,术后疗效不佳或不确定者,结合相关文献介绍处理上述各类情况的临床经验。     

中耳乳突炎性改变对人工耳蜗置入的影响

目的：探讨中耳乳突炎性改变对人工耳蜗置入术的影响。方法：9例行人工耳蜗置入术患者均伴有中耳乳突炎性改变。1例乳突根治术后Ⅱ期行人工耳蜗置入及应用耳廓软骨一软骨膜复合物重建并加强后鼓室外侧壁及外耳道后壁;1例慢性中耳炎伴鼓膜穿孔Ⅰ期行人工耳蜗置入及应用耳廓软骨一软骨膜复合物重建鼓膜;3例隐性中耳乳突炎,Ⅰ期行改良乳突开放术并人工耳蜗置入术;3例硬化型乳突伴鼓室粘连,Ⅰ期行鼓室探查并人工耳蜗置入术;1例慢性中耳乳突炎伴松弛部内陷袋形成,Ⅰ期行上鼓室开放及软骨一软骨膜复合物重建上鼓室外侧壁并人工耳蜗置入术。结果：术中所有的电极均顺利置入,并经术中检测电极完好,电阻测试效果满意。术后伤口均甲级愈合,1个月后均开机成功。随访无并发症。结论：对于慢性中耳乳突炎的患者,若欲行Ⅱ期人工耳蜗置入术,Ⅰ期中耳乳突手术应尽可能保留相关解剖结构。对于隐性中耳乳突炎的患者在确保鼓窦乳突、上鼓室、咽鼓管口三处引流均通畅的前提下可行Ⅰ期人工耳蜗置入。对于病变局限的上鼓室胆脂瘤,有经验的术者可以选择Ⅰ期手术,但一定要慎重。感染因素很可能在乳突汽化不良及不明原因先天性感音神经性聋的发病中起着重要的作用。对于乳突硬化、乙状窦前移严重的患者可选择经外耳道鼓岬开窗。对于人工耳蜗置入术时的鼓膜修补术,上鼓室外侧壁或外耳道后壁重建选择软骨一软骨膜复合物可以提高成功率,加固鼓膜避免内陷及电极脱出。