急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期多血清标志物与预后

目的单血清标志物缺乏判断预后的特异性与敏感性。本研究评价接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)的ST抬高心肌梗死(ST elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者围手术期组合分析多血清标志物水平评估预后的价值。方法梗死相关动脉内灌注血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂改善心肌再灌注和减少出血并发症的研究(NCT01181388)连续入选接受PPCI的203例STEMI患者,本研究纳入其中化验指标完整可供分析的145例患者,按其术前肌钙蛋白I(20ng/ml)、高敏C反应蛋白(10mg/L),术后即刻B型钠尿肽(2000fmol/ml)的水平是否高于研究界定值分为低值组、单项高值组、两项高值组和三项高值组。比较住院期间超声评估的心功能、住院期间、术后30天、180天主要心脏不良事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)包括心因性死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管再次血运重建)和出血事件等预后指标的差异。结果住院期间共有4例患者发生MACE,其中低值组3例(6%),单项高值组0例,两项高值组0例,三项高值组1例(14%),三项高值组患者住院期间MACE发生率有增加趋势(χ2=7.922,P=0.048)。30天内共有7例患者发生MACE,其中死亡2例(均来自两项高值组),再发心肌梗死3例,靶血管再次血运重建2例,各组患者30天MACE发生率间差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.381,P>0.05),但是两项高值组患者死亡率较高(8%)并且差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9.282,P=0.026)。180天内共有10例患者发生MACE,其中死亡5例,再发心肌梗死3例,靶血管再次血运重建2例,各组患者180天MACE发生率间差异无统计学意义。结论多血清标志物异常可能在一定程度上提示预后不良,组合分析多种血清标志物来评估PPCI患者的预后可能比单独分析一种血清标志物更有意义。     

优化急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

对ST段抬高型心肌梗死实施直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不应只是为获得TIMI 3级血流,而应是良好的心肌灌注。可通过上游使用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂、他汀类调脂药,个体化正确使用血栓抽吸装置,必要时延迟支架植入等手段,优化直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的效果。     

Acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty using only a Pronto aspiration catheter

In a patient with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty, a large amount of thrombus was removed from the middle segment of the right coronary artery using a Pronto V3 extraction catheter (Vascular Solutions, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota). Repeat angiography revealed no significant residual stenosis and no further intervention was undertaken.     

Ageing, impaired myocardial perfusion, and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty.

AIMS: It is still unknown whether impaired myocardial perfusion helps to explain the higher mortality observed with ageing in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1548 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with primary angioplasty, myocardial perfusion was evaluated by myocardial blush grade (MBG) and ST-segment resolution. All clinical and follow-up data were prospectively collected. Advanced age was associated with a significantly higher clinical and angiographic risk profile. We found a linear relationship between increasing age, decreased myocardial perfusion, and higher 1-year mortality. After adjustment for baseline potential confounding variables, increased age was still significantly associated with impaired myocardial blush (MBG 0-1) (P=0.028), and ST-segment resolution (<50%) (P=0.007). At multivariable analysis both age (P<0.0001) and poor myocardial perfusion (P<0.0001) were independent predictors of 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION: This study shows that impaired reperfusion is an additional determinant of the poor outcome observed with advanced age in patients with STEMI undergoing mechanical revascularization.     

Relation of interhospital delay and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary coronary angioplasty

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of interhospital delay on mortality in 616 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary angioplasty to our hospital. Longer interhospital delay was associated with impaired perfusion, larger infarct size, and higher 1-year mortality (adjusted RR 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.12; p = 0.019). These results suggest that in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction transferred for primary angioplasty, all efforts should be made to reduce time to treatment.     

Prognosis and high-risk complication identification in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We registered complication and mortality rates in all patients with STEMI admitted for primary PCI at a high-volume center over a two-year period (2004 to 2006). Results: We included 1022 consecutive patients (mean age 64 years; 69% men). In-hospital and one-year mortality were 8% and 12%, respectively. Cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and atrioventricular block significantly predicted increased one-year mortality in univariate analysis (P < 0.001 for all) and were considered high-risk complications. 65% of patients had no high-risk complications. One-year mortality for patients without high-risk complications was 4% compared with 28% for those with high-risk complications (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Unselected patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI have mortality rates corresponding to those reported in randomized clinical studies including transport of patients. Mortality is strongly related to high-risk complications developed during admission. Thus, patients with high-risk complications should receive special attention. The majority of patients (65%) without high-risk complications have an excellent short- and long-term prognosis following primary PCI.     

Synergistic treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with pharmacoinvasive recanalization

Both pharmacologic and mechanical approaches designed to limit infarct size by recanalization of infarct-related arteries have reduced mortality associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Early efforts to combine the two were attenuated because of complications encountered. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolysis became viewed as alternative rather than complementary modalities. Time to recanalization and adequacy of restoration of perfusion were found to be pivotal determinants of a favorable outcome with either approach. Because pharmacologic intervention can be initiated immediately in virtually any hospital, it is a promising initial step. Because PCI proffers more complete recanalization, it may be a particularly salutary initial or subsequent step. Because of unavoidable delay often confronting implementation of PCI, optimal advantage may accrue from the use of both approaches in combination. We seek to emphasize the potential synergy by referring to the combined approach as "pharmacoinvasive recanalization" rather than by the conventional term "facilitated PCI." Virtually all patients with STEMI can benefit from prompt, sustained, and complete coronary recanalization. Thus, investigations focusing on identification of pharmacologic regimens that can safely initiate recanalization as early as possible, minimize bleeding, and broaden the temporal window available for efficacy of subsequent, optimally timed PCI should provide particularly valuable information.     

The prognostic significance of early dobutamine echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary angioplasty

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of early dobutamine echocardiography (DE) after successfully treated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with primary coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is still unclear. Patients who respond to DE may have better left ventricular function improvement and possibly a better clinical outcome. AIM: To assess whether early DE can predict spontaneous functional recovery in patients treated successfully with primary PTCA and whether responders to DE have a better clinical outcome. METHODS: DE (5 and 10 ug/kg/min) was performed in 110 consecutive patients (61+/-10 years) 4+/-1 days after successful primary PTCA (TIMI 3, stenosis <30%). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion index (WMSI) were measured. Patients underwent clinical assessment and two-dimensional echocardiography at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: In the DE responders (76 pts), LVEF increased significantly from 41%+/-9% at baseline to 47%+/-10% at 6 months (p<0.0001), whereas the improvement found in nonresponders (34 pts) was insignificant (from 36.3%+/-9% at baseline to 38.8%+/-10% at 6 months, p=0.4). The nonresponders to DE had a higher incidence of subsequent revascularisation (4/34 (11.8%) vs 3/76 (3.9%) p=0.12), reinfarction (5/34 (14.7%) vs 2/76 (2.6%), p=0.28) and death (3/34 (9%) vs 0/76 (0%), p=0.0086). The incidence of combined end-point (revascularisation, reinfarction and death) was significantly lower in the group of responders to early DE (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Early DE can precisely predict functional recovery and the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium in patients with AMI in whom anterograde flow is fully restored. A positive response to early DE is associated with a better clinical outcome and prognosis.