重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清同型半胱氨酸及脑源性神经营养因子水平与认知功能的相关性研究

目的探讨重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)血清中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平与认知功能的关系。方法随机抽取60例重度OSAHS患者,使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估认知功能,根据评估结果分为认知障碍组(18例)和认知正常组(42例),30例健康体检者为对照组。利用ELISA法测定各组血清中Hcy和BDNF水平。结果认知障碍组与认知正常组和对照组比较,MoCA总分、视空间与执行能力、注意力、抽象及延迟回忆存在差异(P < 0.01),而命名、语言能力及定向评分无明显差异(P>0.05)。认知障碍组血清Hcy水平(34.12±2.85)较认知正常组(30.88±2.10)增高,而血清BDNF水平(9.00±1.67)较认知正常组(11.64±1.73)降低。认知障碍组最低动脉血氧饱和度(LSaO₂)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与认知正常组存在差异(P < 0.01)。认知障碍组血清Hcy与MoCA总分(r=-0.880, P=0.000)、LSaO₂(r=-0.595, P=0.009)及BDNF(r=-0.818, P=0.000)呈负相关,与AHI(r=0.681, P=0.002)呈正相关;血清BDNF与MoCA总分(r=0.751, P=0.000)及LSaO₂(r=0.521, P=0.026)呈正相关,与AHI(r=-0.553, P=0.017)呈负相关。血清Hcy和BDNF水平预测认知功能障碍ROC曲线下面积分别为0.902和0.927。结论OSAHS患者血清Hcy和BDNF水平的改变与认知障碍的形成有一定相关性,可作为生物标志物用于认知障碍的早期诊断和预测。     

肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎的相关性研究

目的 探讨肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的相关性。方法 纳入2021年10月—2022年6月确诊为AR的患儿38例,男21例,女17例,年龄5～7岁,平均年龄5.85岁;另纳入正常儿童38例作为健康儿童组,男23例,女15例,年龄5～7岁,平均年龄5.80岁。分别收集两组粪便进行高通量测序,并对两组的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 AR患儿肠道菌群Alpha多样性Chao1、Observed species、Shannon、Simpson、Faith’s pd、Pielou_e指数较健康儿童明显降低。两组Beta多样性存在差异。两组在门水平放线菌门、拟杆菌门等,属水平拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等存在差异。体重(P=0.024)、被动吸烟(P=0.006)、变应性家族史(P＜0.001)、家庭居住地(P=0.017)、有无湿疹(P=0.011)、新生儿期是否使用抗生素(P＜0.001)、是否母乳喂养＞3个月(P=0.003)、是否为剖腹产(P=0.043)均有可能作为AR发病的影响因素。结论 AR患儿肠道菌群多样性与健康儿童相比发生了变化,肠道菌群生态系统的多样性、稳定性降低,多种特定菌种丰度显著改变。肠道菌群失衡可能是促进儿童AR发生发展的一个重要因素。     

新疆地区变应性鼻炎儿童常见变应原的分布

目的分析新疆地区变应性鼻炎(AR)儿童常见变应原的分布，为该区AR儿童的诊治及流行病学研究提供参考依据。方法将2017年1月—2021年6月就诊并具有典型AR症状及体征的566例AR患儿纳入研究，将患者的血清变应原分布，就诊时间，不同年龄段及性别等进行分析。结果425例(75.1%)AR患儿至少一种变应原阳性，吸入性变应原主要致敏因素。9月和4月为AR发病最高的月份。艾蒿、屋尘螨、粉尘螨、柳树、屋尘等为是最常见的5种吸入性变应原。牛奶、小麦面粉、鸡蛋、花生、牛肉等为主要的5种食入性变应原。艾蒿、柳树、豚、牛奶在不同年龄段分布差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，不同性别儿童中部分变应原阳性率存在差异，屋尘阳性率在男性中明显高于女性，而在女性中羊肉的阳性率高于男性(P＜0.05)。结论新疆地区AR患儿变应原以吸入性变应原阳性居多，不同季节变应原分布，在不同年龄段、不同性别中变应原存在部分差异。     

老年性聋患者认知功能障碍初探

目的 分析老年性聋患者认知功能障碍情况,初步探讨老年性聋患者认知功能障碍的干预措施。方法 以2018年10月-2020年4月于空军特色医学中心行听力测试及言语识别能力调查的55例60岁及以上老年性聋患者为研究对象,其中男27例,女28例;年龄60~95岁。所有研究对象完成纯音听阈测试（PTA）、简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）评估及普通话快速噪声下言语测试（M-Quick SIN）,分析不同年龄、不同听力损失程度和信噪比损失（SNR loss）程度下老年性聋患者的MMSE得分情况。结果 ①60~69岁组MMSE得分（27.89±1.82）分,高于70~79岁组（26.35±2.03）分和≥ 80岁组（25.19±2.07）分的得分,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;70~79岁组和≥ 80岁组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;②不同听力损失组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;③轻度SNR loss组的MMSE量表得分（27.13±1.80）分高于重度SNR loss组（24.20±1.64）分（P<0.05）;轻度SNR loss组和中度SNR loss组、中度SNR loss组和重度SNR loss组间MMSE量表得分的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 老年性聋患者认知功能障碍以SNR loss为主要特征,在听力损失早期进行干预是最佳时机。     

变应性鼻炎儿童蒿花粉变应原组分诊断

目的 本文旨在对季节性变应性鼻炎（AR）患儿进行变应原组分筛查,了解AR患儿代表性蒿属植物花粉变应原致敏组分。方法 采集黄花蒿和大籽蒿花粉,提取花粉蛋白,以临床确诊为AR且艾蒿特异性免疫球蛋白E （sIgE）检测为阳性患儿血清为一抗,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法筛查花粉中变应原组分。结果 蛋白质免疫印迹显示2种蒿属植物花粉蛋白提取物中主要有3条带能与血清IgE特异性结合,相对分子量（Mr）分别为12、25和70 kDa。黄花蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原为AR儿童最常见的变应原分子,阳性检出率为85.19%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原分别为37.04%和14.81%。大籽蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原阳性检出率低于黄花蒿（P<0.05）,为51.85%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原阳性检出率与黄花蒿相似（P>0.05）。另外,同一个体血清对2种蒿属植物同源变应原阳性反应存在差异,不同患儿对1种或多种变应原分子敏感。结论 AR患儿黄花蒿花粉致敏率更高,推荐增加黄花蒿花粉组分蛋白进行诊断和免疫治疗,尤其是70 kDa变应原分子。     

CysLTR1基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性的关系

目的 探讨半胱氨酰白三烯受体1(CysLTR1)基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性的关系。方法 前瞻性选取2018年1月—2021年4月就诊的变应性鼻炎患儿310例,男173例,女137例。均接受孟鲁司特治疗1个月。收集患儿基线资料、临床资料、实验室资料、肺功能指标等,以聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术检测两组CysLTR1(927T/C、434 T/C)基因多态性,采用Logistic回归分析评价CysLTR1多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿反应性之间的关系。结果 治疗后,根据治疗反应性分为反应性良好组和反应性不良组。反应性不良组45例(14.52%),反应性良好组265例(85.48%)。两组患儿年龄、性别、家族史等一般资料对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿体重指数、合并哮喘比例、血清25 羟维生素 D3[25(OH)D3]、CysLTR1 434 T/C多态性对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示体重指数(OR=1.520,95%CI=1.045~2.211)、合并哮喘(OR=97.737,95%CI=10.656~896.442)、CysLTR1 434 T/C 多态性中与TT型比较,CT型(OR=62.486,95%CI=6.440~606.304)、CC型(OR=159.229,95%CI=15.457~1 640.252)是孟鲁司特治疗反应性的危险因素;血清25(OH)D3(OR=0.673,95%CI=0.568~0.797)是孟鲁司特治疗反应性的保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论 CysLTR1基因多态性与孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎患儿的反应性相关。     

外周血B细胞活化因子水平对变应性鼻炎患者病情严重程度的预测价值

目的 探讨外周血B细胞活化因子(BAFF)对变应性鼻炎(AR)病情严重程度的预测价值。方法 选取2019 年 1 月—2019 年 10 月收治的80例AR患者作为病例组，根据症状评分将患者分为轻度组和中-重度组；同期选取无AR因鼻骨骨折或行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术患者50例作为对照组，分析并比较不同组中血清BAFF的表达水平。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析血清BAFF对AR患者病情严重程度的预测价值。结果 AR组中血清BAFF浓度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。相比于轻度AR组患者，血清BAFF浓度在中-重度组明显升高，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。AR患者血清BAFF水平与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数目及比例、总IgE水平、视觉模拟评分(VAS)及鼻部症状总评分(TNSS)呈正相关。受试者工作特征曲线结果显示,相比于总IgE水平，血清BAFF在区分AR患者疾病方面具有一定优势，敏感度为0.550，特异度为0.825。结论 AR患者外周血 BAFF 浓度增加，与疾病嗜酸性炎症程度相关，且可作为预测病情严重程度的标志物。     

淋巴结内特异性免疫治疗变应性鼻炎疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价淋巴结内特异性免疫治疗(ILIT)草花粉诱导的变应性鼻炎(AR)的临床疗效和安全性。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、VIP等电子数据库,纳入诊断为草花粉诱导的AR患者,并接受淋巴结内免疫治疗的随机对照试验。主要结局包括症状评分、药物评分、症状和药物综合评分、视觉模拟量表。次要结局包括不良事件、生活质量、血清特异性IgE、血清特异性IgG4、皮肤点刺试验和鼻腔激发试验,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行 Meta 分析。结果 纳入9项研究269名受试者,所有研究都包括草花粉过敏原,其中5项研究还包括草和/或桦树花粉过敏原。除1项研究注射间隔时间为2周外,其余均为4周。与安慰剂对照组相比,ILIT组显著改善视觉模拟量表(P＜0.05),而症状评分、药物评分、症状和药物综合评分、杜松鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷均显示差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),其中症状和药物综合评分表现出中度异质性(I²=60%)。每4周注射1次过敏原是改善症状和药物联合评分的最佳间隔时间,而加强注射或增加剂量是否能改善临床效果尚无定论。结论 Meta分析显示,ILIT总体上是安全的,但增加注射剂量可能出现严重并发症,应谨慎。ILIT对草花粉诱导的AR视觉模拟量表有显著改善,仍需要更大规模和更长期的试验来标准化治疗方案。ILIT可能在未来的AR治疗中发挥重要作用。     

太原市1382例变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

目的 研究太原地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者变应原的分布特征,为该地区AR的合理防治提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析我院2020年1月—2021年12月就诊的1 382例疑似AR且行血清特异性IgE(sIgE)检测患者的临床资料,使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行分析与总结。结果 943例(68.23%)患者sIgE呈阳性反应,其中艾蒿(48.26%)、豚草(21.56%)、室内尘螨组合(19.10%)为主要变应原;吸入性变应原阳性率(34.88%)显著高于食入性变应原(3.40%);随着患者年龄增加,变应原呈降低趋势,不同年龄间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同病程间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中2~3年最高(80.00%);不同月份间变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中8月最高(79.89%);不同季节间艾蒿、豚草变应原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05),以夏秋季高发;患者变应原阳性个数组合从1种到12种均有分布,其中2种组合最高(15.63%)。结论 太原地区的主要变应原是艾蒿、豚草、室内尘螨组合。绝大数患者为多重致敏,年龄、病程、季节也是影响变应原阳性率的因素。     

854例耳鸣患者的临床特征分析

目的 探讨收诊的耳鸣患者临床特征,为耳鸣的诊治提供参考依据。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月在门诊以耳鸣为第一主诉的854例患者的临床资料,统计分析临床特征,并将患者性别、年龄、侧别、病程、持续性、患耳听力损失程度、耳鸣响度、耳鸣音调、焦虑自评量表评分、睡眠指数评分等因素为自变量,以耳鸣残疾量表评分为因变量,进行多因素线性回归和相关性分析。结果 854例耳鸣患者共有1290耳伴耳鸣,患者的平均年龄为(46.7±14.65)岁,在30～60岁年龄段的耳鸣患者占比最大(65.2%,557/854);其中耳鸣多为持续性(84.0%,717/854),双侧耳鸣和单侧耳鸣约各占一半,在双侧耳鸣患者中多为对称性耳鸣(97.0%,423/436);54.7%(467/854)的耳鸣患者伴有不同程度的焦虑症状,58.8%(502/854)的耳鸣患者伴有不同程度的睡眠障碍,33.0%(426/1290)的耳鸣伴有不同程度的听力下降。耳鸣残疾量表分级以2～3级为主(18～56分,83.3%,711/854);音调匹配以高频多见(4～8kHz,77.3%,997/1290);耳鸣响度以中低响度多见(<60dB,82.3%,1062/1290)。耳鸣持续性(β=-0.690,P=0.011)、听力损失程度(Spearman=0.140,P<0.001)、耳鸣响度(β=0.046,P=0.002;Spearman=0.135,P<0.001)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评分(β=0.049,P=0.001;Spearman=0.214,P<0.001)、Zung氏焦虑自评量表(β=0.055,P<0.001;Spearman=0.241,P<0.001)与耳鸣残疾量表评分有关。结论 2018年以来就诊的耳鸣患者其耳鸣严重程度多为轻中度,耳鸣音调多为高频,且大多数为中低响度的耳鸣声。耳鸣的发病人群逐渐年轻化,且多伴有焦虑、睡眠障碍、听力下降等症状。耳鸣的严重程度和耳鸣持续性、听力损失、耳鸣响度、睡眠障碍和焦虑相关,未来应该着重针对这部分人群制定个性化的耳鸣治疗方案。     

Prevalence of anxiety and depression in Meniere's disease; a comparative analytical study

BackgroundPsychological problems are of most significant issues in patients with Meniere's disease (MD). This study aimed to reveal the frequency of anxiety and depression in MD patients compared to healthy individuals and patients with benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) referred to a university hospital.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on individuals between 18 and 65 years old assigned to three groups: the control, MD, and BPPV groups. The data collecting instruments included a demographic information form, along with Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.23, and the significance level was considered as p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 177 participants enrolled. The average scores of anxiety and depression and the severity of anxiety and depression were higher in MD and BPPV groups than in the control group (P < 0.001). The average anxiety score and anxiety severity in the MD group was higher than in the BPPV group (P < 0.001). However, in the case of depression, only severity was higher in the MD group (P < 0.001), and the average depression score showed no significant difference between MD and BPPV groups. After controlling for underlying variables, the impacts of MD (P < 0.001; regression coefficient = 16.5) and also BPPV (P = 0.025; regression coefficient = 4.6) on anxiety were significant compared to the control group.ConclusionOur results suggest that the prevalence of anxiety and depression is higher in MD and BPPV patients than the healthy people, and MD has a higher effect on the incidence of depression and anxiety compared to BPPV.     

Correlation of neurocognitive processing subtypes with language performance in young children with cochlear implants

Abstract

Objectives

Test data were used to explore the neurocognitive processing of a group of children with cochlear implants (CIs) whose language development is below expectations.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between neurocognitive processing, as assessed by the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition, and verbal language standard scores, assessed using either the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language or the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals in 22 school-age children with CIs. Processing scores of CI recipients with language scores below expectations were compared to those of children meeting or exceeding language expectations. Multiple linear regression estimated the associations of simultaneous and sequential processing with language scores.

Results

Though simultaneous processing scores between the two groups were similar, the mean sequential processing score (91.2) in the below expectations group (n = 13) was significantly lower (P = 0.002) than that of children (n = 9) meeting expectations (110.8). After adjusting for age at implantation, a 10-point higher sequential processing score was associated with a 7.4 higher language score (P = 0.027).

Discussion

Simultaneous processing capacity was at least within the average range of cognitive performance, and was not associated with language performance in children with CIs. Conversely, reduced sequential processing capacity was significantly associated with lower language scores.

Conclusion

Neurocognitive skills, specifically cognitive sequencing, serial ordering, and auditory-verbal memory may be targets for therapeutic intervention. Intensive cognitive and educational habilitation and in milieu intervention may improve language learning in children with CIs.     

Hearing-aid use and long-term health outcomes: Hearing handicap,mental health,social engagement,cognitive function,physical health,and mortality

Objective: To clarify the impact of hearing aids on mental health, social engagement, cognitive function, and physical health outcomes in older adults with hearing impairment. Design: We assessed hearing handicap (hearing handicap inventory for the elderly; HHIE-S), cognition (mini mental state exam, trail making, auditory verbal learning, digit-symbol substitution, verbal fluency, incidence of cognitive impairment), physical health (SF-12 physical component, basic and instrumental activities of daily living, mortality), social engagement (hours per week spent in solitary activities), and mental health (SF-12 mental component) at baseline, five years prior to baseline, and five and 11 years after baseline. Study sample: Community-dwelling older adults with hearing impairment (N = 666) from the epidemiology of hearing loss study cohort. Results: There were no significant differences between hearing-aid users and non-users in cognitive, social engagement, or mental health outcomes at any time point. Aided HHIE-S was significantly better than unaided HHIE-S. At 11 years hearing-aid users had significantly better SF-12 physical health scores (46.2 versus 41.2; p = 0.03). There was no difference in incidence of cognitive impairment or mortality. Conclusion: There was no evidence that hearing aids promote cognitive function, mental health, or social engagement. Hearing aids may reduce hearing handicap and promote better physical health.     

颈部淋巴结内注射变应原特异性免疫治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的 探究颈部淋巴结内注射变应原特异性免疫治疗(ICLIT)儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性研究24例儿童AR行ICLIT治疗的临床资料,观察患儿基线水平及治疗后1年鼻部症状评分、眼部症状评分、药物评分以及治疗过程中发生不良反应情况,探讨其疗效及安全性.结果 24例AR患儿基线水平鼻部总症状评分为(6...     

Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency

Many people who complain of tinnitus say that the noises impair their mental concentration. This complaint was investigated by self-report (primarily the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) and by means of five cognitive tasks, four presented via laptop computer and one given manually. The tasks measured performance under single and dual-task conditions and included tests of sustained attention, reaction time, verbal fluency and immediate and delayed memory. Two groups of outpatients attending audiological clinics (tinnitus, n?=?43; hearing impairment, n?=?17) were compared with non-clinical volunteers (n?=?32). The results replicated earlier findings that tinnitus outpatients report significantly more everyday cognitive failures than do controls. The tinnitus group responded significantly more slowly than the two control groups on the variable fore-period reaction time task under dual-task conditions. In general, comparisons between the groups on other tasks showed equivalent performance, but both clinical groups performed more poorly than non-clinical controls on verbal fluency. We conclude that cognitive inefficiency in tinnitus participants is related to the control of attentional processes, consistent with our earlier theoretical speculation about the nature of tinnitus complaint and with published findings on the effects of chronic pain on cognitive processes.     

Analysis of patient factors associated with hospital visits for allergic rhinitis in Japanese adult patients: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveAllergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in Japan. However, several AR patients do not seek optimal treatments at clinics/hospitals. This may affect the patient's quality of life and labor productivity. In this study, we assessed the characteristics of the outpatients’ AR and factors associated with their hospital visit, using the dataset obtained from a nation-wide survey in Japan.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used data from the nation-wide 2013 and 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) in Japan. We analyzed the data of AR outpatients through logistic regression, using the outcome as the dependent variable, and age groups, sex, household size, educational status, smoking history, alcohol use, household expenditure, psychological distress, quality of sleep, asthma and atopic dermatitis outpatients as explanatory variables.ResultsAmong the data of 317,984 outpatients aged between 20 and 79 years in 2016 CSLC survey, the proportion of AR outpatients was significantly less among current smokers (odds ratio (OR); 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.43–0.51, P < 0.001) and those with large household sizes (OR; 0.80, 95% CI; 0.72–0.89, P < 0.001). Conversely, the proportion of AR outpatients was significantly more among subjects with a past smoking habit (OR; 1.19, 95% CI; 1.08–1.31, P < 0.001), insufficient sleep (OR; 2.93, 95% CI; 2.52–3.42, P < 0.001), psychological distress (OR; 1.71, 95% CI; 1.62–1.80, P < 0.001), high household expenditures (OR; 1.68, 95% CI; 1.56–1.80, P < 0.001), and asthma and atopic dermatitis outpatients (OR; 8.97, 95% CI; 8.13–9.89 P < 0.001 for asthma and OR; 7.61, 95% CI; 6.76–8.58 P < 0.001 for atopic dermatitis). We observed the same trend using the dataset of 2013 CLSC survey.ConclusionThis study revealed that smoking habit, psychological distress, insufficient sleep, high household expenditures and outpatients with other allergic diseases are the factors associated with AR outpatient visit.     

The relationship between posterior pharyngeal wall thickness and swallowing function after radiation therapy

Abstract

Background: Dysphagia is a complication following radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancers (HNC). Radiologic findings of posterior pharyngeal wall thickening (PPWT) after RT has not been quantified and correlated to swallowing outcomes.

Aims/objective: To evaluate PPWT and its impact on swallowing function following RT.

Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of pre- and three-month post-RT PPWT, demographics, oncologic history, and swallowing parameters of patients undergoing RT for HNC. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effect of PPWT on swallowing outcomes.

Results: The mean age of the cohort (n?=?207) was 61.8 (± 11.29) years. The mean PPWT increased by 0.28 (± 0.19) cm (p?=?.00) three-months after RT. A significant difference in PPWT score between tumor subsites, χ²(2) = 45.883, p?=?.00, with the highest mean rank score of 135.97 for nasopharynx and 103.46 for oropharynx. PPWT was significantly associated with increased pyriform sinus retention, higher Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores and post-deglutitive aspiration (p?<?.05).

Conclusions and significance: PPWT increase significantly after RT for HNC. Increased PPWT was associated with mean radiation dose to the nasopharynx and oropharynx and was an independent risk factor for increased pharyngeal residue, higher PAS scores, and timing of aspiration (p?<?.05).