不开胸“杂交”手术治疗主动脉弓部夹层的近中期随访研究

目的总结不开胸"杂交"手术(不开胸主动脉弓分支血管旁路术+主动脉腔内修复术)治疗主动脉弓部夹层的近中期疗效和经验。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年9月在广州军区武汉总医院心胸外科接受主动脉弓分支血管旁路术+主动脉腔内修复术(主动脉弓分支血管旁路术毕即转入导管室行同期主动脉腔内修复术)治疗主动脉弓部夹层7例患者的临床资料,其中男12例、女5例,年龄46~71岁。分析该手术方式的选择及预后情况。结果行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路术4例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路术3例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉旁路术、封闭左锁骨下动脉10例。全部手术均获得成功。1例患者术后出现喉返神经损伤。术后7 d、3个月、1年及之后每年复查CT,随访截至2015年9月,随访时间12~53个月。随访所有患者均健康存活,人工血管旁路通畅,血管支架无内漏。结论不开胸"杂交"手术可用于治疗难以耐受主动脉置换的主动脉弓部主动脉夹层高危患者。     

累及弓部主动脉夹层手术方式选择及疗效

目的:探讨累及主动脉弓部主动脉夹层手术方式选择及疗效。方法:收集2010年2月—2015年5月因主动脉弓部夹层在广州军区武汉总医院心胸外科接受手术治疗病例资料,分析其手术方式选择及理由,不同术式并发症发生率等。结果:检索出符合条件的病例92例,其中仅行胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)36例,预开窗血管支架的TEVAR 2例,封闭左锁骨下动脉的TEVAR 31例,不开胸主动脉弓分支血管旁路术+TEVAR17例(左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路术4例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路术3例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉术、封闭左锁骨下动脉10例),开胸主动脉弓置换术6例。2例开胸主动脉弓置换术患者术后死亡,其余术后无严重并发症发生。结论:对于累及主动脉弓部夹层,开胸主动脉弓置换术是一种成熟的治疗方式;TEVAR是的一种快速、有效、经济、术后并发症少的手术方式,并可以通过开窗、分支血管旁路术等方式扩大其应用范围。     

经颈动脉腔内技术重建主动脉弓治疗Stanford A型夹层动脉瘤(附1例报告)

目的探讨血管腔内技术重建主动脉弓治疗升主动脉、主动脉弓病变的可行性。方法2005年,对1例StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤,腔内修复主动脉病变之前做右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉的旁路术;经右颈总动脉将修改的分叉支架型血管主体放入升主动脉,长臂位于无名动脉。短臂应用延长支架型血管延伸至降主动脉。通过腔内技术重建主动脉弓实现累及升主动脉和主动脉弓主动脉病变的微创治疗。结果腔内修复术后移植物形态良好,血流通畅,病变被隔绝,脑、躯干、四肢循环稳定。无严重并发症。结论该手术方案设计合理、技术可行。可能成为复杂胸主动脉病变新的腔内治疗模式。     

杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的临床研究

目的:探讨杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的效果。方法:采用杂交技术(解剖外旁路联合血管腔内修复术)手术治疗10例患者,包括累及主动脉弓部分支的B型主动脉夹层4例和主动脉弓降部真性动脉瘤6例。其中左颈总动脉至左椎动脉旁路1例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉旁路5例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉及左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉旁路1例和升主动脉至无名动脉及左颈总动脉旁路3例。均经股动脉入路植入覆膜支架。结果:10例患者均获得技术成功,1例发生少量I型内漏,未处理。术后1例因脑梗塞伴肺炎、肾功能衰竭不治自动出院;其余9例均痊愈出院。9例随访时间3～33个月,均恢复正常生活,术后3个月CTA示:覆膜支架无移位,1例内漏已消失,无新的内漏发生,夹层假腔或动脉瘤腔内已有血栓形成,远端夹层假腔无明显扩大,旁路人工血管通畅。结论:杂交手术避免体外循环损害,减轻外科手术创伤,提高了治疗效果,是治疗累及分支的主动脉弓降部病变的重要方法。     

升主动脉-颈动脉旁路联合腔内修复术治疗主动脉弓部病变

目的 总结升主动脉-颈动脉旁路联合腔内修复术治疗主动脉弓部病变的经验与体会.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2013年6月在中山大学附属第一医院血管外科接受升主动脉-颈动脉旁路联合腔内修复术治疗的10例主动脉弓部病变高危患者的临床资料.其中男性9例,女性1例,年龄34 ～71岁,平均年龄(54±14)岁.原发病包括主动脉夹层8例,胸主动脉瘤2例.行正中开胸行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉旁路7例,升主动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路3例,同期(5例)或二期[5例,平均间隔(7±4)d]经股动脉植入覆膜支架修复主动脉弓病变.结果 全部手术取得技术成功.术后30 d死亡3例,1例死于脑干梗死,1例死于循环衰竭,1例死于主动脉气管瘘.术后发生Ⅱ型内漏1例.随访1 ～ 132个月,中位随访时间24个月(四分位数间距14个月),术后1个月、3个月、1年及其后每年复查CT,随访期间7例患者均健康存活、人工血管旁路通畅,除1例Ⅱ型内漏继续存在外,其余支架均无移位和内漏.结论 升主动脉-颈动脉旁路联合腔内修复术可用于治疗一般情况差、难以耐受主动脉置换的主动脉弓部疾病高危患者.     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层的腔内修复术后并发症分析

目的总结Stanford A型主动脉夹层(TAAD)腔内修复术后常见并发症的诊治经验。方法对2001年1月至2012年5月接受腔内治疗的58例TAAD患者资料进行回顾性分析。平均年龄54.3(41～79)岁。35例单纯接受腔内治疗,23例接受杂交手术:升主动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路3例,左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路3例,右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉旁路15例,左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉旁路2例。结果总技术成功率为98.3%(57/58)。并发症包括内漏14例,脑卒中5例,支架源性新破口1例,血管旁路术后吻合口假性动脉瘤2例。术后30天内死亡7例。随访(35.5±5.4)个月,随访期间死亡2例,其余患者均健康生存。结论 TAAD腔内治疗后并发症较累及降主动脉疾病的腔内修复术更为常见,脑卒中是重要的致死性并发症,应引起足够重视。     

腔内修复联合旁路手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层

目的探讨腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术治疗DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。方法分析2005年中山大学附属第一医院血管外科运用腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术治愈的2例DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层临床资料。结果腔内修复前先行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉人造血管旁路手术,然后从右股总动脉将带膜支架植入升主动脉封闭内膜撕裂口,并同时封闭无名动脉和左颈总动脉,1例术后即时造影和术后2个月随访造影均显示升主动脉夹层消失,无内漏,颈部人造血管旁路血流通畅,病人健康生存;另1例术后2个月随访,一般情况良好。结论对于内膜撕裂口靠近无名动脉和左颈总动脉的DeBakeyⅠ型升主动脉夹层,腔内修复联合人造血管旁路手术是一种安全而有效的治疗方法。     

经旁路人工血管精确定位左颈总动脉行主动脉弓部夹层腔内隔绝术3例报告

我院采用辅助性右-左颈总动脉、左颈总动脉．左锁骨下动脉旁路，并通过旁路人工血管，置刻度导管至左颈总动脉精确定位腔内修复（ednovascular repoia EVR）主动脉弓夹层动脉瘤3例。现报告如下。     

腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤14例

目的探讨腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年6月至2004年8月腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤14例的临床资料。其中,DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤(aorticdissectionaneurysm, ADA)12例,动脉瘤2例。8例ADA直接行腔内修复,覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口;另4例ADA和2例动脉瘤接受辅助性右左颈总动脉、左颈总左锁骨下动脉旁路联合腔内修复。结果14例均取得技术成功。1例动脉瘤患者腔内修复术后并发缺血性脑卒中死亡。生存的13例围手术期和随访期间(1 ~14个月,平均11个月)无神经系统或肢体缺血性并发症。3个月CT证实所有ADA患者原发破口封闭。存活动脉瘤患者术后1个月CT显示瘤腔内血栓形成。结论腔内修复主动脉弓动脉瘤或夹层动脉瘤是安全、有效的。     

体外转流联合多种原位开窗技术在主动脉弓部疾病腔内修复的应用

目的探讨体外转流联合激光或穿刺针腔内原位开窗技术治疗累及主动脉弓部疾病的近期疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年12月～2018年12月20例累及主动脉弓上分支动脉的主动脉瘤(夹层)资料,应用体外转流联合激光或穿刺针腔内原位开窗技术进行腔内修复。结果 19例成功完成原位开窗,1例术中死亡。应用体外转流10例。9例左锁骨下动脉开窗,其中1例因左锁骨下动脉弯曲角度过大未能完成原位开窗,置入烟囱支架; 4例左锁骨下动脉+左颈总动脉双开窗,6例左锁骨下动脉+头臂干+左颈总动脉三开窗。围手术期死亡2例,其中1例术中因升主动脉破裂死亡,1例术后3天因大面积脑梗死死亡。术后早期并发症2例(1例暂时性神经功能障碍,1例肺部感染),均治愈出院。18例随访时间6～30个月,(18±3)月,主动脉CTA显示主动脉弓部病变部位均隔绝良好,无内漏,开窗血管通畅。结论对累及主动脉弓部疾病,应用体外转流联合激光或穿刺针腔内原位开窗技术行腔内修复术微创、有效,但应术前全面评估病情,掌握好适应证。     

Endovascular treatment of arch and proximal thoracic aortic lesions

OBJECTIVE: To analyze at one institution the endovascular treatment for aortic arch and proximal thoracic aortic lesions, categorize open arch reconstruction, and make preliminary recommendations based on pathology (dissection vs aneurysm), and anatomical extent of disease. METHODS: A retrospective review of aortic arch and descending thoracic aortic lesions managed with endovascular treatment between June 2002 and June 2007. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients received endovascular repair for aortic dissection (n = 28) and aneurysm (n = 6). Open supra-aortic transposition or debranching of the great vessels was performed in 14 cases of dissection (50%) and six cases (100%) of aneurysm. In 14 dissections, the entry tear was located in the distal aortic arch, enabling the left subclavian artery to be sealed without reconstruction. The procedures were successful in 33 patients (97.1%); one intraoperative death occurred. Type I endoleaks were found intraoperatively in eight cases. After management with balloon angioplasty and by extending the stent implantation, the endoleaks resolved in four cases and decreased in four cases. One patient with Stanford type A dissection died from an unknown cause 3 months after treatment. The overall survival rate was 94.1% (32/34), and all bypass grafts remained patent during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent grafting is a safe and effective method for the treatment of aortic arch lesions. Transposition of the supra-aortic great vessels can be effectively combined with endovascular stent grafting to ensure both cerebral blood supply and enough landing area for the stent graft.     

带膜支架腔内修复联合解剖外旁路术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的探讨带膜支架腔内修复联合解剖外旁路术对Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床效果。方法通过建立各种解剖外旁路来重建无名动脉、左颈总动脉或左锁骨下动脉以延长锚定区,然后一期或分期行带膜支架主动脉腔内修复术;可采取颈动脉入路或股动脉入路来完成主动脉腔内修复术。结果全组34例中升主动脉夹层8例,主动脉弓部夹层26例,除1例术中死亡外,其余33例均成功接受带膜支架主动脉腔内修复术。30d病死率为8．8％（3／34）,内漏发生率为11．8％（4／34）,脑梗死发生率为5．9％（2／34）。随访6—70个月,平均24．5个月,2例失访。结果显示假腔内完全血栓形成16例,部分血栓形成13例。结论带膜支架腔内修复联合解剖外旁路术为Stanford A型主动脉夹层提供了一种新的治疗方法,具有微创、安全性较高,并发症较少的特点,但应注意适应证的选择。     

胸主动脉夹层腔内治疗相关并发症的处理

目的 回顾血管腔内修复术(EVAR)治疗胸主动脉夹层后相关并发症的治疗经验,探讨并发症发生原因和处理中存在的问题.方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2008年3月胸主动脉瘤夹层stanford B型EVAR术后相关并发症33例,其中男性21例,女性12例,平均年龄46.3岁.EVAR术后最长6个月,平均12.3 d.并发症包括左颈总动脉闭塞5例,内漏5例,下肢动脉损伤4例,支架血管植入假腔3例,支架远端逆行性夹层3例,继发A型夹层2例,肢体动脉栓塞2例,以及肱动脉假性动脉瘤和脑血管意外、植入物感染等.除保守治疗外,行二期支架植入13例,颈-颈动脉和颈-锁骨下动脉转流7例,髂股动脉修补或移植4例,动脉取栓1例,经腹主动脉假腔开窗2例,转为升主动脉置换1例.结果 随访结果显示,二期支架植入后内漏消失,动脉转流术后中枢神经系统、肢体及肠管缺血明显改善,逆行性夹层消失.1例A型夹层死于急性心包填塞,1例死于脑出血.结论 对于EVAR术后并发症必须及早处理,采用血管腔、内外治疗相结合措施可提高成功率.     

Great vessels transposition and aortic arch exclusion

AIM: We describe our experience in endovascular repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections (TAAD) involving the aortic arch in high risk patients (HRP). METHODS: Twenty-nine patients presented with TAAD involving the aortic arch and were treated by endovascular exclusion. Pathologies were as follows: atherosclerotic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta in 15 cases, acute Stanford type A dissections in 6 cases, Stanford type B dissections in 7 cases (1 acute), and 1 false aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Total-arch transpositions of all supra-aortic vessels (aortic debranching) to the ascending aorta were done in 11 cases throught median sternotomy. We performed carotido-carotid bypass (hemi-arch transposition) in 16 patients by cervicotomy. Secondary to surgical transpositions, we placed endovascular stentgrafts in all but 2 patients for final exclusion, the 2 remaining being planned for later exclusion. The Talent, Excluder, TAG and Zenith endografts were used in 12, 3, 1 and 4 cases respectively. Banding technique was associated in some cases. RESULTS: All surgical transpositions were successful although 1 led to a minor stroke (1/29=3.5%), which worsened to major stroke after endovascular exclusion. Endovascular procedures were performed in all but one case (26/27=96.3%). Two patients (2/26=7.7%) died from catheterization related complications after endovascular exclusion (iliac rupture and left ventricle perforation). One patient had a delayed minor stroke (1/26=3.8%). Recirculation was found in 13.3% (2/15) of aneurysms and 27.3% of thoracic false channels. During a mean follow-up of 15.7 months (13 days to 45.5 months), 1 patient (1/26=3.8%) who had preoperative chronic pulmonary failure died at 6 months from respiratory worsening. We observed one case (3.8%) of unilateral limb palsy unrelated to cerebral ischemia, which we successfully treated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. No stent-related complication was seen. One new type 1 endoleak appeared at 12 months on an aneurysm, which resolved after stentgraft extension. Three thoracic dissection false channels remained patent during follow-up, of which one was retrograde originating distally in the descending aorta. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary endovascular exclusion of thoracic aortic diseases involving the arch in HRP is made feasible thanks to the preliminary aortic debranching. Total-arch transposition may be of greater interest in case of proximal neck length uncertainty and potential embolization from the aortic arch. Mid-term results are good although patients must be followed carefully to detect aortic recirculation and enlargement.     

杂合技术在主动脉夹层病变治疗中的应用

目的探讨"杂合技术"——主动脉人工血管替换并降主动脉覆膜支架置入术治疗复杂主动脉夹层病变的效果。方法对4例主动脉夹层分离病人实施了同期外科手术结合支架置入的杂合技术治疗。结果全组手术经过顺利,主动脉阻断时间平均(147.0±30.1)min,体外循环时间平均(164.3±34.4)min,2例Stanford A型深低温停循环时间分别为45 min和43 min。1例术后因胸腔内大出血分别于术后第1 d和第8 d再次开胸止血,术后持续昏迷至第4 d清醒,气管切开接呼吸机辅助通气时间长达53 d,最终于术后77 d治愈出院。1例术后发生严重肺部感染和脓胸,最终诱发多器官功能衰竭,放弃治疗出院。另2例患者术后恢复顺利,痊愈出院。术后随访复查CTA显示升主动脉及主动脉弓部人工血管无扭曲、狭窄,血流通畅,血管内支架位置良好,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,无内漏、假腔血栓形成。结论应用杂合技术治疗复杂主动脉病变方法简单,疗效可靠,并发症少,具有良好的应用前景。     

Incidence of neurological complications following overstenting of the left subclavian artery.

OBJECTIVE: Aortic endovascular stent-graft implantation is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Overstenting of the left subclavian artery may be necessary to create a satisfactory proximal 'landing zone' for the stent-graft. Few cases have been published reporting adverse neurological events after overstenting of the left subclavian artery. We thus evaluated whether this procedure is associated with a higher rate of neurological complications by focusing on the management of the supra-aortic vessels. METHODS: Twenty patients suffering from aortic arch aneurysms (n=3), descending aortic aneurysms (n=7), acute (n=6) and chronic (n=4) type-B aortic dissections underwent stent-graft repair with complete (n=14) or partial (n=6) overstenting of the left subclavian artery. Three patients underwent overstenting of the entire aortic arch with ascending aortic-bi-carotid bypass grafting. One patient with right carotid and vertebral artery occlusion underwent initial carotid-to-subclavian bypass. All patients subsequently underwent neurological examination and Doppler ultrasound for detection of neurological and peripheral vascular complications. RESULTS: Aortic stent-graft repair was successful in all patients without acute neurologic complications. Two patients developed late central adverse neurological events: right-sided vertebral artery occlusion with brainstem infarction (n=1) and impaired binocular vision combined with dizziness (n=1), necessitating secondary subclavian transposition in one patient. Peripheral symptoms related to occlusion of the left subclavian artery were observed in five patients as sensory and motoric deficits of the left hand and arm. CONCLUSIONS: Overstenting of the left subclavian artery as treatment of aortic pathologies in high-risk patients is feasible but associated with the risk of neurological complications and peripheral symptoms. Side effects were mild or transient in most of our patients. Detailed preoperative exploration of vascular anatomy and pathology via Doppler ultrasound, CT- or MRI scan is mandatory to avoid adverse neurological events. Prior surgical revascularization of the left subclavian artery is essential in patients with high-grade stenoses, occlusions, or anatomic variants of the supra-aortic branches. Delayed surgical revascularization is necessary only in patients with relevant subclavian steal syndrome or severe peripheral vascular symptoms.     

腔内修复联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓的Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨主动脉腔内修复手术联合辅助技术治疗累及主动脉弓部的Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤.方法 分析腔内治疗累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的46例StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床资料.腔内封堵左锁骨下动脉43例;PDA封堵器封堵左锁骨下动脉6例次;颈部动脉搭桥术9例次;“烟囱”技术重建左颈总动脉8例次;“开窗”技术封堵夹层破口,同时保留主动脉弓部所有分支动脉1例次.结果 患者术后均存活,随访时间(25±16)个月.未发生严重神经系统并发症.10例发生左锁骨下动脉Ⅱ型内漏,其中6例通过PDA封堵器隔绝,2例保守治疗后自愈;9例发生左上肢缺血症状,其中8例行保守治疗,另1例症状严重,行颈部动脉搭桥术重建左锁骨下动脉.随访中,所有人工血管和分支动脉支架均保持通畅,降主动脉真腔直径显著扩大,假腔直径逐渐缩小.结论 对累及主动脉弓部,破口邻近左锁骨下动脉或位于其近端的StanfordB型主动脉夹层,腔内治疗联合PDA封堵器、颈部动脉搭桥术、“烟囱”技术或“开窗”技术是安全有效的治疗方法.     

Self-expanding endovascular stent-graft implant for treatment of descending aortic diseases

A bstract Background: Aneurysms and dissections involving the descending thoracic aorta and the distal portion of the aortic arch are difficult to resolve surgically. The introduction of endovascular self-expanding stent-grafts has simplified the operation. Given the complications associated with their peripheral placement, we explored the feasibility of surgical insertion. Methods: Thirteen patients underwent surgical insertion of a stent-graft into the aortic arch via longitudinal aortotomy. Six patients had aneurysms (ruptured in two, and seven dissections (acute in two, ruptured in one). Five patients also underwent associated procedures including aortic valve replacement (one), ascending aorta replacement (two), arch replacement (one), and coronary artery bypass (one). Results: There was one intraoperative death due to ascending aortic dissection, and two hospital deaths due to multiple complications. Of ten patients discharged, one died 3 months postoperatively. The remaining survivors are well, and imaging studies confirmed adequate correction of the aortic disease. Conclusions: The use of this technique simplifies the operation and treatment of particular cases of aortic disease. The observed morbidity and mortality are due to factors independent of the technique.     

采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管对主动脉弓降部夹层行腔内修复治疗

目的探讨采用胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的主动脉弓降部夹层的临床效果。方法自2004年2月至2004年6月,采用血管腔内胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部夹层14例。14例均为StanforB型主动脉夹层,原发破裂口距左锁骨下动脉开口2～13mm,平均8．7mm。分支型支架由主动脉段支架和分支段支架组成,支架直径较相应支撑部位动脉直径大15％～20％。治疗在血管造影室进行,应用定位导丝、在透视下将分支型主动脉支架人工血管送人并连续释置入主动脉弓和左锁骨下动脉。结果支架释放全部成功。14例患者共放置14只分支型主动脉支架和2只可弯曲型支架人工血管,封闭夹层破裂口,夹层真腔全部恢复正常直径。无远端动脉并发症发生,无死亡病例。全部患者术后恢复正常活动。结论胸分支型主动脉支架人工血管适合于修复破裂口位于左锁骨下动脉开口旁的主动脉弓部夹层。