大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、培养和鉴定

目的 探讨体外分离和培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的生物学特性,对其表型和生长曲线进行初步鉴定.方法 采用全骨髓培养法提取培养MSCs,绘制原代及三代细胞生长曲线,利用免疫组化法检测表面标志物CD34、CD44;流式细胞分析法检测表面标志物CD90.结果 成功培养出MSCs,免疫组化CD44阳性表达,CD34阴性表达;流式细胞术CD90阳性表达.结论 该实验分离培养的细胞群与MSCs的生物学特性相吻合,说明MSCs易于体外分离、培养和扩增.     

再生障碍性贫血患者骨髓间充质干细胞成脂和成骨分化能力的变化

目的 通过观察再生障碍性贫血(再障)患者间充质干细胞(MSCs)成脂肪和成骨能力的变化,研究骨髓MSCs成脂分化的异常在再障患者红髓脂肪化中的作用.方法 分离培养再障患者及正常人的骨髓,观察其一般生物学特性,并在体外诱导其向脂肪、成骨细胞分化,同时用RT-PCR方法检测成脂肪、成骨特异基因的表达时间,比较再障患者和正常对照MSCs向脂肪细胞、成骨分化能力的不同.结果 原代培养7 d,再障组贴壁细胞克隆形成率为(19.30±4.77)/(5×105 MNCs),较正常对照组明显降低(47.72±3.46)/(5×105 MSCs)(P＜0.05).在培养初期,再障组MSCs与正常对照MSCs增殖能力相似,但在连续传8代后,其增殖能力降低.再障组MSCs体外诱导成脂滴早,诱导分化的脂肪细胞leptin(瘦素)基因表达早.再障组MSCs体外诱导成骨形成钙化结节少,碱性磷酸酶活性低,诱导的成骨细胞osteocalcin(骨钙素)基因表达晚.结论 再障患者MSCs成脂分化能力增强而成骨分化能力降低,可能在再障的病程中起一定作用.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外多向分化潜能

目的体外观察人骨髓间充质干细胞(hMSCs)向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞及心肌细胞的分化。方法体外培养扩增hMSCs,流式细胞仪分析其免疫表型。取稳定传代的hMSCs,分别在体外向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞及心肌细胞分化,并采用碱性磷酸酶染色、油红O染色及PTAH染色鉴定3种诱导分化后的细胞。结果 hMSCs传代后形态上为典型的成纤维细胞样结构;流式细胞仪检测表明,hMSCs表达CD44、CD105,不表达CD31、CD34和CD45;hMSCs诱导分化后,细胞化学染色显示呈阳性表达的成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和心肌细胞。结论 hMSCs具有多向分化潜能,可向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和心肌细胞分化。     

糖尿病患者脂肪间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的：探讨体外分离培养糖尿病患者脂肪间充质干细胞（ADSCs）的方法并分析其生物学特性。方法采用胶原酶消化法从糖尿病患者的脂肪组织中分离出ADSCs。对ADSCs进行体外培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态;绘制第3、6、8代传代细胞的生长曲线;流式细胞仪检测第3代细胞表面标记物（ CD34、CD45、CD29、CD44、CD105、CD90）;通过成脂诱导实验鉴定细胞的分化潜能（油红染色阳性判定为脂肪细胞,证实细胞可向脂肪细胞分化）。结果分离出的ADSCs,能稳定传代;其细胞表面标记物CD34、CD45呈阴性表达,CD29、CD90、CD44、CD105呈阳性表达。成脂诱导后油红染色阳性。结论在糖尿病患者脂肪组织中成功分离到ADSCs,在体外适宜条件下ADSCs可向脂肪细胞分化,具有分化潜能。     

两种不同部位取材的大鼠骨髓基质细胞生物学特性比较

目的 分离、纯化培养不同部位取材的大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs),对其生物学特性进行检测和鉴定.方法 分别取大鼠长骨及尾椎骨中的骨髓组织,以本实验室骨专用培养基接种培养,经多次换液得到较纯的BM-SCs,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态.进行体外脂肪细胞定向诱导后,再进行油红O染色.应用流式细胞仪分别对两种细胞的表面抗原标志进行检测.结果 两种不同部位取材的培养细胞形态相似,脂肪细胞定向诱导后油红O染色均可见胞质内有红色脂肪颗粒,细胞表面抗原检测结果基本一致,分别显示为CD14阴性、CD45阴性、CD29阳性、CD90阳性.结论 两种不同部位取材的培养细胞表型特征均符合BMSCs.     

体外培养人骨髓基质细胞表面抗原检测及分化能力观察

目的检测体外培养人骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）表面抗原,并观察其分化能力。方法取人颅骨板骨髓组织,以BMSCs专用培养基接种培养,经多次换液得到较纯的BMSCs;在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,应用流式细胞仪对细胞表面抗原进行检测;体外脂肪细胞、成骨细胞定向诱导,分别进行油红0染色及yonKossa染色。结果培养细胞表面抗原检测显示,CD14阴性、CD45阴性、CD29阳性、CD90阳性、CD105。阳性;脂肪细胞定向诱导后,油红0染色见胞质内有红色脂肪颗粒;成骨细胞定向诱导后,yonKossa染色见有钙结节形成。结论培养细胞表型特征符合BMSCs,并具有自我更新特性和多向分化潜能。     

人胚肺间充质干细胞体外培养及生物学特性的实验研究

目的建立体外培养人胚肺间充质干细胞（MSCs）的培养体系并探讨其部分生物学特性。方法取3～5个月的流产胎儿,按照人骨髓MSCs的体外培养方法,获得贴壁的人胚肺细胞,研究其形态、细胞周期和体外诱导分化潜能。结果人胚肺MSCs可在体外扩增培养,可传至17代以上,其形态及生长特点不发生明显改变,处于G0/G1期的细胞多,具有典型的干细胞增殖特点。其免疫表型与骨髓来源的MSCs相似。结论从人胚肺中可分离培养出MSCs,可以在体外扩增,并可诱导向成骨、软骨和脂肪细胞分化。     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养及成脂成骨分化

目的建立小胎龄人脐带间充质干细胞(hUCMSCs)的分离和培养方法,探讨hUCMSCs的成脂、成骨分化潜能。方法采用Ⅱ型胶原酶和透明质酸酶消化法从胎龄12～18w的流产胎儿脐带中分离hUCMSCs;流式细胞仪检测其免疫表型;应用不同因子诱导hUCMSCs向脂肪细胞及成骨细胞分化并进行鉴定。结果体外培养的hUCMSCs呈长梭形,细胞形态均一;表达CD29、CD44、CD73、CD105、CD166;不表达CD34、CD45、CD40、CD40L、CD80、CD86、HLA-DR;油红O、茜素红染色及RT-PCR证实hUCMSCs可分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。结论建立了小胎龄hUCMSCs分离培养方法,证实其具有成脂、成骨分化潜能,有望成为细胞治疗及组织工程更为理想的种子细胞。     

Wnt/β-catenin基因对骨髓瘤患者间充质干细胞成骨潜能的影响

目的:探讨Wnt/β-catenin基因和多发性骨髓瘤骨病的关系。方法:分离培养多发性骨髓瘤患者和正常人的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),体外诱导分化成骨细胞,茜素红实验检测矿化物沉积、荧光定量RT-PCR方法检成骨指标(OPN、OC、ALP、Cbfal)和Wnt/β-catenin mRNA表达,分析MSCs细胞成骨能力变化及两组间Wnt/β-catenin mRNA表达差异。结果:骨髓MSCs体外成骨诱导后,茜素红染色阳性,呈现明显红色钙化结节;MSCs体外诱导成骨细胞,试验组与对照组比较,成骨指标OPN、OC、ALP、Cbfαl mRNA表达降低(P<0.05);骨髓MSCs体外成骨诱导后β-catenin mRNA表达降低(P<0.05)。结论:骨髓MSCs体外可成功诱导分化为成骨细胞;多发性骨髓瘤患者MSCs向成骨细胞分化潜能比正常人降低,Wnt/β-catenin可作为多发性骨髓瘤骨病潜在治疗靶点。     

复方丹参滴丸含药血清诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为心肌样细胞

目的观察复方丹参滴丸含药血清体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分化为心肌样细胞的能力。方法采用全骨髓直接贴壁的方法分离培养大鼠MSCs,流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面标记;采用复方丹参滴丸的含药血清体外定向诱导第四代MSCs,应用免疫细胞化学法、原位杂交组织化学法、透射电子显微镜鉴定心肌样细胞。结果大鼠MSCs细胞表面抗原CD90、CD106阳性,CD34、CD45、CD31阴性。经复方丹参滴丸含药血清诱导向心肌样细胞分化后,免疫细胞化学法显示α辅肌动蛋白(α-Actinin)、结蛋白(desmin)强阳性,原位杂交组织化学法显示肌球蛋白重链(MHC)强阳性表达。结论复方丹参滴丸含药血清能促使MSCs分化为心肌样细胞,为中药干预MSCs治疗缺血性心脏病提供干细胞实验依据。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.