大学生考试作弊行为意向与移情能力

目的探讨大学生移情能力与考试作弊行为意向之间的关系。方法运用大学生考试作弊行为意向问卷和移情问卷,对464名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①大学生考试作弊行为意向在性别(t=-4.877,P<0.00)和家庭所在地(t=-3.092,P<0.01)两个变量上存在显著差异;②移情与大学生考试作弊行为意向呈显著正相关(r=0.206,P<0.001);③不同移情能力的大学生在考试作弊行为意向存在显著差异(F=9.357,P<0.001);④移情对大学生考试作弊行为意向具有显著的正向预测作用。结论大学生移情能力对考试作弊行为有预测的作用,高校可以从培养大学生的移情能力来减少考试作弊的现象。     

基于计划行为理论及学习倦怠感的考试作弊行为

目的探讨计划行为理论模型及学习倦怠感对作弊意向与行为的预测。方法采用基于计划行为理论的考试作弊意向量表和学习倦怠感量表对四川省6所高校的228名大二～大四学生做调查,并自我报告大学期间的考试作弊行为频数。结果①有60.1%的被试报告自己有过作弊行为;②学习倦怠感与计划行为理论模型呈显著的正相关;③作弊行为的意向及实际发生情况与计划理论模型(t=4.603,8.061;P<0.001)及学习倦怠感(t=4.142,4.753;P<0.001)的得分均存在显著差异。结论学习作弊是大学校园较为普遍的问题;计划行为理论模型及学习倦怠感能有效评估考试作弊意向及预测作弊行为。     

大学生性态度问卷的初步编制

目的在文献分析和借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,编制大学生性态度问卷。方法抽取455名在校大学生进行问卷测查。结果采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析对性态度的维度进行剖析,问卷由14个项目组成,包括开放倾向、情感倾向、需求倾向和回避倾向4个维度,这4个维度可解释总变异的61.44%;验证性因素分析证明了模型有着较高的结构效度（χ2=179.912,d f=71,χ2/d f=2.534,GF I=0.946,AGF I=0.21,RM SEA=0.042,RM SEA=0.058,RM R=0.090,NF I=0.910,CF I=0.908）;全问卷的C ronbachs＇α系数为0.814,各维度的C ronbach＇α系数在0.665~0.794之间。大学生性态度的各因素均有显著的性别差异（P均〈0.001）,在开放倾向（t=-3.21,P〈0.001）和回避倾向（t=1.97,P=0.04）上具有显著的年级差异。结论大学生性态度问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可用于相关研究中了解大学生性态度情况的测量工具。     

大学生对同性恋态度问卷的初步编制

目的:编制适用于中国大学生对同性恋态度的问卷。方法:在问卷调查和文献综述的基础上,进行了预测和实测,通过探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析对1010名大学生对同性恋态度的内在结构进行探讨。结果:大学生对同性恋的态度由三个因子组成,提取的3个主成分,方差贡献率分别为46.7%、10.3%和6.9%,累积方差贡献率为63.8%,分别命名为认知赞同、情感认可和行为接纳,因子负荷介于0.501-0.851之间。对问卷进行验证性因素分析,得到NFI为0.979,NNFI为0.981,CFI为0.985,RM-SEA为0.073。内部一致性信度为0.9310,重测信度为0.8390,P<0.001。结论:所编制的大学生对同性恋态度的问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可作为研究之用。     

青少年品行问题行为倾向问卷的初步编制

目的:探讨我国青少年学生的品行问题行为倾向并编制相应的测量工具.方法:首先采用自下而上的思路进行深度访谈,探索在我国青少年学生中多发的品行问题行为并形成试测问卷;然后经小样本试测,运用探索性因素分析提取三个因素,形成修改问卷;最后对1923名青少年学生施测,使用验证性因素分析修正因素结构,形成正式问卷.结果:青少年学生中多发的问题行为包括违规行为、成瘾行为和攻击行为.分别对应问卷中的违规倾向、成瘾倾向和攻击倾向;量表的结构方程模型拟合良好(χ2=316.447,dr=74,χ2/df=4.276,GFI=0.974,AGFI=0.964,RMSEA=0.042),各项信效度指标良好(内部一致性系数α=0.797).结论:青少年品行问题行为倾向问卷具有良好的信效度.     

大学生流言蜚语态度问卷的编制

目的编制大学生流言蜚语态度问卷。方法随机抽取993名大学生为被试,通过开放式问卷调查、初始问卷的预测和正式施测,编制了大学生流言蜚语态度问卷。结果①大学生流言蜚语态度问卷含有2个因子,分别是社会价值、道德价值;②问卷模型拟合指数RM SEA=0.041,NNF I=0.97,CF I=0.98,GF I=0.97,拟合良好。结论大学生流言蜚语态度问卷是一个信效度较好的测评工具。     

大学生恋爱态度问卷的编制

目的编制大学生恋爱态度问卷。方法经开放式问卷、访谈调查、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和信度分析,确定正式问卷。结果探索性因素分析显示,大学生恋爱态度问卷由23个项目组成,包括增益性、道德性、浪漫性、自主性4个因素。信度分析(各因素Cronbacha系数0.615)和验证性因素分析(χ2/df=3.076,GFI=0.871,AGFI=0.841,CFI=0.798,NFI=0.750,RMSEA=0.068)显示,问卷具有较好的信度和效度。结论大学生恋爱态度问卷符合心理测量学的标准,可以作为测量大学生恋爱态度的工具。     

大学生自我管理问卷的初步编制

目的:编制大学生自我管理问卷并分析大学生自我管理的特点.方法:通过文献分析构建大学生自我管理问卷结构,并编制问卷对290名大学生进行了调查,检验问卷的信度和效度.结果:问卷的内部一致性系数为0.930,各维度的内部一致性系数在0.625-0.913之间;验证性因素分析显示,问卷各拟合指数达到心理测量学可接受的范围(AGFI、NFI、CFI>0.80,RMSEA<0.08).结论:大学生自我管理问卷具有较好的信度和效度;不同性别、不同年级大学生在自我管理的各个维度上具有差异性.     

大学生人格障碍问卷的初步编制

目的：编制适用于大学生的人格障碍问卷。方法：参考三种人格障碍诊断标准，结合临床经验，经过三次样本的项目筛选，编制成正式问卷并分析信度和效度。结果：编制成一个160个项目组成的问卷（其中含5个重复题目，用以反映答题者的一致性），包括10个分量表（十种人格障碍类型）：边缘型、反社会型、分裂样、分裂型、回避型、偏执型、强迫型、表演型、依赖型、自恋型。全量表的同质性信度和重测信度分别为0．94和0．85（P〈0．05）。在精神科临床病人中对人格障碍诊断的灵敏度为76．7％，特异性为87．9％，因子分析提取到一个主因子，可解释方差的56．63％，各个分量表的因子载荷值在0．61—0，82之间。结论：初步研究显示，所编制问卷实证效度和结构效度良好。     

老化态度问卷的编制及其初步试用

目的：编制老化态度问卷。方法：通过调查和参考国外量表,组成问卷。在老年人中使用后,对问卷进行各项量表属性分析。结果：根据项目分析结果。对条目筛选后的老化态度问卷,因此分析显示具有两个主成分。内部一致性信度和复测信度达到0.9以上。分半信度0.77。结论：自编老化态度问卷具有良好信度,效度。     

应届毕业生求职行为影响因素

目的基于计划行为理论,探索毕业生求职行为的影响机制。方法采用《求职行为问卷》、《求职自我效能感量表》、《求职意向量表》、《求职态度量表》和《求职主体规范量表》,测试1014名毕业生的求职态度、主体规范、求职自我效能感、求职意向和求职行为,然后采用分层回归分析进行中介效应检验。结果①控制了性别、专业、家庭经济地位、家庭居住地和平均绩点后,求职态度能正向预测求职意向(β=0.25,p0.001)和求职努力(β=0.13,P0.001);主体规范能正向预测求职意向(β=0.9,P0.01)和求职努力(β=0.14,P0.001);求职自我效能感能正向预测求职努力(β=0.11,P0.001),但对求职意向没有预测作用(β=0.05,P0.5);②求职意向是主体规范与求职努力的部分中介变量,是求职态度与求职努力的完全中介变量。结论求职自我效能感、求职态度、主体规范和求职意向促进积极的求职行为。     

Social Cognitive Predictors of Sun Protection Intention and Behavior

The authors investigated sunbathing behavior and intention prospectively using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Before summer, 85 young adults who intended to sunbathe completed a TPB questionnaire. After summer, 46 of them completed a second questionnaire about their summertime sunbathing behavior. The proposed model was successful in predicting both behavior and intention to use sun protection, with 45% of the variance of self-reported sunscreen use and 32% of the variance in intention explained by the TPB. Items designed to measure self-efficacy and perceived control loaded onto different factors and demonstrated discriminant validity. Self-efficacy predicted both intention and behavior (after controlling for all other TPB variables), but perceived behavioral control did not. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for potential interventions to improve sun protection behavior.     

Measuring pathways towards a healthier lifestyle in the Hoorn Prevention Study: the Determinants of Lifestyle Behavior Questionnaire (DLBQ)

Objective

We developed the Determinants of Lifestyle Behavior Questionnaire (DLBQ) to measure determinants of lifestyle behavioral change according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in adults at high risk of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of the current study was to test the validity of the DLBQ.

Methods

From February to September 2008, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the region West-Friesland (The Netherlands) among 622 adults, aged 30–50 years at high risk of T2DM or CVD participating in a lifestyle intervention trial. Structural equation modeling techniques were used for confirmatory factor analysis and to test correlations between the TPB constructs.

Results

The results demonstrate the factorial validity of the DLBQ in this population. The theoretical factor structure of the DLBQ is supported, and 41–56% of the variance in intentions to improve lifestyle behaviors is explained.

Conclusions

The DLBQ proves to be a valid instrument for measuring important determinants of the intention to change three lifestyle behaviors in adults at high risk of T2DM and CVD.

Practice implications

The identified ‘key-determinants’ of the TPB that seem to contribute to an increased intention to change behavior could be of value in designing future lifestyle interventions.     

具有考研意向的大学生心理应激源调查

目的 探讨具有考研意向的大学生所面临的心理压力，为该群体的心理支持提供帮助。方法 采用自编《大学生考研意向及相关应激源调查表》对200名在校大学生进行了考研意向及面临应激源的调查。结果 ①大学生考研意向一般情况统计结果显示，被调查者中92．9％的人选择了考研，7．1％的人选择了不考研。②考研压力方面：52．9％的大学生考研理由为就业压力大；88．5％的大学生考研时间为大学时代；43．9％的大学生感觉考研压力较大；59．9％的大学生对考研感觉没有把握；③考研准备：61．5％的大学生选择在大三、大四备研；备研与课程冲突时，75％的大学生选择边上课边备研；④社会支持：80．1％的大学生认为家庭会支持考研。4个年级在考研理由的选择上，经卡方检验，其构成比存在显著性差异(x^2=31．57，P=0．002)，考研时间亦存在显著性差异(x^2=112．92，P=0．000)。结论 考研学生已成为大学校园中一个特殊群体，他们面临着更多的心理压力，为其提供必要的心理支持、缓解压力，已成为高校心理学工作者的又一项新任务。     

父母教养方式对大学生网络成瘾行为的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式同大学生网络成瘾行为的关系。方法1317名中北大学本科生参与本研究。对所有被试施测父母教养方式评价量表和中文网络成瘾量表,使用SPSS13．0和Lisret8．53对施测结果进行相关和路经分析。结果路经分析结果表明无论对男女大学生而言,父母教养方式特别是父亲的教养方式均会影响其网络成瘾行为。结论在探究学生上网成瘾问题时,应充分考虑其家庭因素,特别是父亲的教养方式,强调与其父母特别是父亲的沟通,找出网络成瘾的症结所在,有针对性地进行辅导。     

Action Control of Exercise Behavior: Evaluation of Social Cognition,Cross-Behavioral Regulation,and Automaticity

Intention is considered the proximal determinant of behavior in many popular theories applied to understanding physical activity, yet intention–behavior discordance is high. Thus, an understanding of constructs that facilitate or inhibit the successful translation of intentions into behavior is both timely and important. The action control approach of dividing the intention–behavior relationship into quadrants of successful/unsuccessful intenders has shown utility in the past by demonstrating the magnitude of intention–behavior discordance and allowing for an outcome variable to test predictors. The purpose of this article was to evaluate automaticity and cross-behavioral regulation as predictors of exercise action control, in conjunction with other more standard social cognitive predictors of perceived behavioral control and affective and instrumental attitudes. Participants were a random sample of 263 college students who completed predictor measures at time one, followed by exercise behavior two weeks later. Participants were classified into three intention–behavior profiles: (1) nonintenders (14.1%; n = 31), (2) unsuccessful intenders (35.5%; n = 78), and (3) successful intenders (48.6%; n = 107). Affective attitude, perceived behavioral control, automaticity, and cross-behavioral regulation were predictors of action control. The results demonstrate that automaticity and cross-behavioral regulation, constructs not typically used in intention-based theories, predict intention–behavior discordance.     

Disappointing evaluation of a shared decision-making intervention for residents and orthopaedic surgeons

ObjectiveTo evaluate a shared decision-making (SDM) intervention in orthopaedic hip and knee osteoarthritis care.MethodsUsing a pre- post intervention design study, we tested an intervention, that included a decision aid for patients (ptDA) and a SDM training course for residents in training and orthopaedic surgeons. The theory of planned behaviour was used for intervention development. Primary outcomes included patient reported decisional conflict, SDM, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were physicians’ attitude and knowledge, and uptake of the ptDA.Results317 patients were included. The intervention improved physicians’ knowledge about SDM but had no effect on the primary outcomes. 19 eligible patients used the ptDA (17%). SDM was higher for middle educated patients compared to lower educated (mean difference 9.91, p = 0.004), patients who saw surgeons instead of residents (mean difference 5.46, p = 0.044) and when surgery was chosen and desired by patients compared to situations where surgery was desired but not chosen (mean difference 15.39, p = 0.036).ConclusionOur multifaceted intervention did not improve SDM and ptDA uptake was low.Practice ImplicationsIn orthopaedic hip and knee osteoarthritic care other ways should be explored to successful implement SDM. Since residents received lower SDM scores, special focus should go to this group.