移植肾动脉狭窄及移植肾动脉瘤9例介入治疗总结

目的：总结移植肾动脉狭窄、移植肾动脉瘤的介入治疗措施，为进一步提高移植肾长期存活率提高经验。方法：回顾分析9例移植肾动脉狭窄及移植肾动脉瘤患者的临床资料。对7例移植肾动脉狭窄患者球囊扩张狭窄部后放置支架，2例移植肾动脉瘤患者1例向瘤腔注入凝血酶，1例放置覆膜支架。结果：7例动脉患者6例治疗成功，术后3天Cr降至106μmol/L以下；1例动脉瘤注入凝血酶致移植肾栓塞破裂切除移植肾，1例动脉瘤放置覆膜支架治疗成功。结论：介入下球囊扩张支架置入是处理移植肾动脉伯理想方法，移植肾动脉放置覆膜支架是治疗移植肾动脉瘤的重要手段。     

球囊扩张联合内支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄远期疗效分析（附19例报告）

目的 评价球囊扩张联合内支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的安全性及短期和长期疗效。方法 回顾性分析经移植肾动脉造影确诊为移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的19例肾移植术后患者临床资料。结果 19例患者球囊扩张联合内支架置入成功率100%。并发症：穿刺点血肿1例,急性血栓1例,支架近端发生再狭窄1例,再次采用球囊扩张联合内支架植入后治愈。平均随访时间5.9年,随访期间无人/肾丢失。治疗前与治疗后1个月即可见血肌酐、平均动脉压显著降低(P<0.05),随访5年保持相对稳定(P>0.05);而降压药物数量在治疗后半年内显著减少(P<0.05)。 结论 球囊扩张联合血管内支架置入安全性好,具有良好的近期和远期效果,应当成为治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的首选。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄影像诊断与介入治疗的方法及疗效.方法经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄的患者24例,19例行单纯球囊扩张术,3例同期行球囊扩张加支架植入,2例球囊成形术后复发狭窄患者再次接受了支架植入术.结果所有患者治疗均取得成功,技术成功率为100%,未发生严重并发症.治疗后近期疗效较好,所有患者的血压和肌酐均较术前明显下降(P＜0.01),2例再狭窄者行支架植入术后肾功能亦明显改善.结论彩色多普勒超声可用于移植肾动脉狭窄的筛查和治疗后随访,移植肾动脉造影是诊断的金标准,介入治疗为有效治疗方法.     

移植肾动脉狭窄10例临床分析

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄的发病情况、相关因素、诊断与治疗方法。方法对10例同种异体肾移植术后出现血压升高及肾功能损害、经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析结果移植肾动脉狭窄的发病率为2.1%,其中7例有急性排斥反应病史。行球囊扩张术9例、支架置入术1例,除1例治疗无效外,其余患者术后高血压均有改善,血肌酐下降。单纯行球囊扩张术的9例病人中,2例出现再狭窄,行支架置入术后肾功能改善。结论移植肾动脉狭窄与术后急性排斥反应相关;彩色多普勒超声可用于筛查,移植肾动脉造影是诊断的金标准,介入治疗为有效治疗方法。     

球囊扩张联合内支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄远期疗效分析

目的 评价球囊扩张联合内支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的安全性及短期和长期疗效.方法 回顾性分析经移植肾动脉造影确诊为TRAS的19例肾移植术后患者临床资料.结果 19例患者球囊扩张联合内支架置入成功率100%.并发症:穿刺点血肿1例,急性肾动脉血栓1例,支架近端发生再狭窄1例,再次采用球囊扩张联合内支架植入后治愈.平均随访时间(69.1±8.2)个月,随访期间无人/肾丢失.治疗前与治疗后1个月即可见血肌酐、平均动脉压显著降低(P<0.05),而降压药物数量在治疗后半年内显著减少(P<0.05).结论 球囊扩张联合血管内支架置入安全性好,具有良好的近期和远期效果,应当成为治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的首选.     

移植肾动脉狭窄10例临床分析

目的 探讨移植肾动脉狭窄的发病情况、相关因素、诊断与治疗方法。方法 对10例同种异体肾移植术后出现血压升高及肾功能损害、经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄思者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 移植肾动脉狭窄的发病率为2．1％，其中7例有急性排斥反应病史。行球囊扩张术9例、支架置入术1例，除1例治疗无效外，其余思考术后高血压均有改善，血肌酐下降。单纯行球囊扩张术的9例病人中，2例出现再狭窄，行支架置入术后肾功能改善。结论移植肾动脉狭窄与术后急性排斥反应相关；彩色多普勒超声可用于筛查，移植肾动脉造影是诊断的金标准，介入治疗为有效治疗方法。     

早期急性排斥反应导致移植肾动脉狭窄的诊治分析

目的 探讨肾移植术后早期由急性排斥导致移植肾动脉狭窄的治疗方法及疗效.方法 回顾经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄并同时经移植肾穿刺病理证实发生急性排斥反应的3例肾移植患者的治疗过程.结果 3例患者造影证实移植肾动脉狭窄未予球囊扩张或支架治疗,给予抗排斥治疗,3例患者治疗均取得成功,患者血压和肌酐均较前明显下降,随访B超无狭窄表现.结论 彩色多普勒超声可用于移植肾动脉狭窄的筛查和治疗后随访,移植肾动脉造影是其诊断的金标准,急性排斥是引起移植肾动脉狭窄的原因之一,明确动脉狭窄原因为急性排斥后抗排斥治疗是有效的治疗方法.     

气道球囊扩张联合支架置入治疗良性重度气道狭窄

目的探讨应用气管球囊扩张和气管支架置入治疗良性气道重度狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法局麻下将7例各种原因引起的良性重度气管、主支气管狭窄患者,在支气管镜直视下应用气管球囊扩张气道狭窄部,然后采用纤维支气管镜定位放置镍钛合金气管支架。结果经气道球囊扩张后,7例重度气管狭窄患者的镍钛合金支架均一次性放置成功,支架扩张良好,患者呼吸困难症状立即缓解。结论气道球囊可以简单、安全和快速的扩张狭窄气道,为支架置入及支架完全扩张提供条件,是解决良性重度气道狭窄较安全有效的方法之一。     

内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗方法和效果探讨

目的探讨内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的方法和效果。方法回顾性分析采用血管腔内治疗的11例内脏动脉瘤患者,共12枚动脉瘤,位于脾动脉3例,肝动脉3例,肠系膜上动脉2例中1例为2枚动脉瘤,肾动脉2例,胃十二指肠动脉1例,其中3例行钢圈＋明胶海绵栓塞瘤腔并闭塞载瘤动脉,2例单纯行钢圈栓塞,2例裸支架辅助微弹簧圈（gualielmi detachable coil,GDC）栓塞瘤腔,2例植入覆膜支架瘤腔隔绝,1例单纯使用微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,1例使用球囊辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔。结果 1例位于肾动脉分支的动脉瘤采用球囊辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔手术失败,其余内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗均获成功,5例行钢圈及明胶海绵栓塞闭塞载瘤动脉后动脉瘤未见显影,2例裸支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔、2例植入覆膜支架瘤腔隔绝术及1例单纯使用微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,瘤腔未见染色、载瘤动脉血流通畅。结论血管腔内治疗内脏动脉瘤可使用多种方法及材料,微创、风险小、安全、有效。     

血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤和动脉狭窄的安全性和有效性

目的：探讨血管内支架成形术在颅内动脉瘤和动脉狭窄治疗中的安全性和有效性。方法：7例椎动脉颅内段梭形动脉瘤及45例宽颈动脉瘤，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填入电解可脱卸弹簧圈（GDC）。39例颅内动脉狭窄采用球囊扩张型支架成形术治疗。结果：血管内支架均成功植入。42例动脉瘤致密填塞，7例大部填塞，3例疏松填塞；39例颅内狭窄患中36例血管直径恢复80％以上，3例残余狭窄20％以上，无1例发生严重的并发症。所有患临床恢复良好，影像学随访无动脉瘤复发，载瘤动脉通畅；无支架内狭窄和血栓形成。结论：联合使用支架及微弹簧圈可能成为治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法，支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄是安全、可行的。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.