血管内皮细胞生长因子和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系

目的：探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学技术、检测42例胃癌组织VEGF蛋白表达和微血管密度（MVD）,分析VEGF和MVD及其与胃癌各临床病理指标间关系,结果：VEGF阳性者MVD值显著高于阴性者（P＜0．01）,VEGF表达和MVD与肿瘤大小,浸润深度,淋巴结转移密切相关（皆P＜0．05）,与肿瘤分化无关（P＞0．05）。结论：VEGF与胃癌的血管生成密切相关,对胃癌的生长和浸润转移有促进作用,VEGF或MVD可作为反映胃癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

胃癌中缺氧诱导因子-1α、血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达及与微血管密度的关系

目的研究HIF-1α、VEGF在胃癌及正常胃组织中的表达及胃癌MVD特点，探讨它们在胃癌的发生、发展、浸润和转移中的作用。方法应用免疫组化sP法检测54例胃癌中HIF-1α、VEGF的表达情况并检测CD34标记的肿瘤MVD，探讨HIF-1α、VEGF在肿瘤血管生成中的作用，并分析HIF-1α、VEGF及MVD与胃癌ll告床病理因素的关系。结果HIF-1α在胃癌中的表达率（74．07％）明显高于正常胃组织（O％），P〈0．01；HIF-1α的表达与胃癌TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移显著相关，P〈0．05。VEGF在胃癌的阳性表达率（68．5％）明显高于正常胃组织（13.3％）。P〈0．05；VEGF的表达与胃癌TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移显著相关，P〈0．05。胃癌MVD（31．5±7．1）明显高于正常胃组织MVD（6．7±2．4），P〈0．01；胃癌MVD与胃癌TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移显著相关，P〈0．01或P〈0．05。胃癌组织中HIF-1α与VEGF的表达呈正相关；HIF-1α与MVD的表达呈正相关；VEGF与MVD的表达呈正相关。结论HIF-1α，VEGF和MVD在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用，联合检测可作为判断胃癌恶性程度和预后的指标。关     

血管内皮细胞生长因子和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系

目的　探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术,检测42例胃癌组织VEGF蛋白表达和微血管密度(MVD),分析VEGF和MVD及其与胃癌各临床病理指标间关系。结果　VEGF阳性者MVD值显著高于阴性者(P＜0.01),VEGF表达和MVD与肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关(皆P＜0.05),与肿瘤分化无关(P＞0.05)。结论　VEGF与胃癌的血管生成密切相关,对胃癌的生长和浸润转移有促进作用,VEGF或MVD可作为反映胃癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

血管内皮生长因子在直肠癌中的表达和临床意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在直肠癌组织中的表达及其对肿瘤新生血管生成及转移的影响。方法：用免疫组化技术,检测46例患者直肠癌VEGF的表达和微血管密度（MVD）,并分析其与浸润深度、淋巴结转移的相关性。结果：VEGF表达阳性细胞和肿瘤新生血管主要位于癌浸润的边缘,VEGF表达阳性组MVD值较高,淋巴结转移组VEGF表达阳性率增高,VEGF表达与MVD值之间呈显著正相关,结论：直肠癌VEGF表达增强,在肿瘤血管生成和侵袭转移中有重要作用。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子及微血管密度与大肠癌浸润、转移关系研究

目的：探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）及微血管密度（micorvessel density,MVD)与大肠癌浸润、转移之间的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学法，检测78例大肠癌VEGF及MVD的变化，分析VEGF及MVD与大肠癌浸润、转移的关系。结果：78例大肠癌中有淋巴结转移者32例，无淋巴结转移者46例；VEGF表达阳性率及MVD值前者均明显高于后者（P＜0．01），P＜0．05）。有肝转移者15例，无肝转移者63例，VEGF表达阳性率及MVD值前者均明显高于后者（P均＜0．01）。当肿瘤局限于粘膜层及粘膜下层和肌层、浆膜下层时，VEGF表达无明显差异；但当肿瘤侵犯到浆膜层和浆膜外时，VEGF蛋白表达阳性率明显增高（P＜0．01）。浸润至肌层及浆膜下层的肿瘤组织MVD值明显高于浸润至粘膜及粘膜下层者（P＜0．05），而浸润至浆膜及浆膜外的肿瘤组织中MVD又将浸润至肌层及浆膜下层者为高（P＜0．01）。结论：VEGF及MVD与大肠癌浸润、转移有关，可能成为预测大肠癌恶性程度的可靠指标之一。     

微血管密度和nm23,血管内皮因子表达在胃癌中的临床意义

目的：探讨nm23、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在胃癌中的表达以及微血管密度（MVD）在胃癌中的临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化技术（S－P）检测了98例胃癌组织中的MVD及nm23、VEGF的表达情况。结果：nm23表达与组织分化类型,浸润深度,淋巴结转移和预后密切相关,VEGF在胃癌组织中阳性表达率为45．9％,VEGF阳性者MVD显著高于VEGF阴性者。VEGF阳性表达和MVD与胃癌浸润深度,淋巴结转移密切相关,VEGF阳性者预后明显较VEGF阴性者差（P＜0．05）。结论：联合检测nm23、VEGF和MVD有助于临床评估病情、判断预后,选择适当的治疗手段。     

血管内皮生长因子在食管癌中的表达与血管生成

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在食管癌中的表达及其与血管生成的关系。方法：应用原位杂交（ISH）方法和免疫组织化学（IHC）方法对58例食管癌组织中VEGF和微血管密度（MVD）的表达进行研究。结果：食管癌组织中VEGF的表达显高于正常组织，并与临床病理特征（浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期）密切相关，而与分化程度无关。VEGF和MVD的表达之间也密切相关。结论：VEGF表达在食管癌血管形成、浸润和转移中起重要作用，有可能作为反映食管癌进展的生物学指标。     

Neuropilin-1与胃癌发生、发展及血管生成的关系

目的探讨胃癌组织中Neuropilin-1、VEGF的表达与胃癌生物学行为及血管生成的关系和意义.方法应用免疫组化ElivisionTM法检测正常胃黏膜、上皮内瘤变、胃癌组织中Neuropilin-1、VEGF、CD34的表达并测定MVD,回顾分析胃癌患者的临床病理资料.结果胃癌组织中Neuropilin-1、VEGF的表达及MVD高于正常胃黏膜和上皮内瘤变组织,且与胃癌淋巴结转移、浸润程度密切相关.Neuropilin-1、VEGF表达阳性组的MVD高于各自阴性组.两者表达呈正相关关系,联合表达时MVD增高.结论 Neuropilin-1、VEGF、血管生成参与了胃癌发生、浸润与转移;Neuropilin-1、VEGF参与了胃癌的血管生成;表达存在协同作用;联合表达时血管生成的效应增强.Neuropilin-1作为肿瘤抗血管治疗的靶点具有一定的价值.     

环氧合酶-2、血管内皮生长因子和微血管密度与食管鳞癌病理特征的关系

目的：研究食管鳞癌中环氧合酶—2(COX—2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)与肿瘤病理特征之间的关系。方法：应用免疫组化的方法检测62例食管鳞癌组织、42例正常食管上皮中的COX—2、VEGF、CD31的表达，以CD31作为MVD指标．分析它们的表达与肿瘤病理特征之间的关系以及它们三者之间的相互关系。结果：食管鳞癌中COX—2和VEGF的表达较正常食管上皮明显增加；COX—2、VEGF的表达与MVD值正相关；三者水平与肿瘤TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移正相关。结论：COX—2、VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中高表达，与血管生成关系密切，可能参与了肿瘤生长、浸润和转移，可作为判断食管鳞癌生物学行为的重要指标。     

血管内皮生长因子和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系

目的 :探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)和血管生成与胃癌发展的关系 .方法 :应用免疫组织化学方法 ,检测 10 2例人胃癌组织VEGF蛋白表达和微血管密度 (MVD) .分析VEGF和MVD及其与胃癌组织学分级、浸润深度、生长方式、淋巴结转移和预后的关系 .结果 :VEGF阳性表达率为4 9.1% ,VEGF阳性者MVD值显著高于阴性者 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,VEGF表达和MVD与胃癌淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与组织学分级无关 ;VEGF表达还与胃癌浸润深度和生长方式密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF表达阳性或MVD≥ 5 0的胃癌患者 5a生存率较低 (P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :VEGF与胃癌的血管生成密切相关 ,对胃癌的生长和浸润转移有促进作用 ,VEGF和MVD可作为反映胃癌生物学行为的指标之一     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.