HCV实验动物模型研究概况

ＨＣＶ实验动物模型研究概况黄果勇综述丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）自１９８９年定为输血后非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原后，对其分子结构和生物学的研究进展迅速。但对ＨＣＶ感染引起肝组织损伤的机理，细胞对病毒感染的免疫反应、疾病演变规律及其疫苗的研制等问题尚未解决，利...     

骨质疏松动物模型的研究进展（综述）

骨质疏松（Osteoporsis）是老年人的一种常见病,主要表现为骨量减少、骨组织微细结构破坏、骨脆性增加和易发生骨折。因此,该病日益受到人们的重视。自1941年将骨质疏松列为临床疾病后,骨质疏松性骨折的发病率逐年上升,但目前对其发病初制及愈合方式尚缺乏了解,临床防治效果不理想,且再次骨折发生率高。随着骨质疏松症预防和治疗的发展,要求对这一疾病做更深入和广泛的了解,选择和建立—个较理想的实验动物模型是开展骨质疏松病因研究和药物治疗的关键。本文就目前常用的实验动物模型及其特点综述如下。     

大鼠氟斑牙动物模型的实验研究

大鼠氟斑牙动物模型的实验研究徐州医学院卫生学教研室（２２１００２）舒华嵩，王灿楠，贺珍杨向东，刘沛，丁彩珍氟斑牙是慢性氟中毒的的常见症状。复制氟斑牙动物模型对探讨其发病机理和实验性防治研究有重要的实际意义。１材料与方法１．１材料刚断乳、体重在７０～１...     

骨骼肌拉伤动物模型建立的实验研究

目的改进大鼠腓肠肌静息状态定应变被动拉伸肌肉损伤实验模型,为进一步探讨肌肉损伤及修复机制提供基础。方法成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组,每组4只,分别以3、6、12 cm/min拉伸速率对大鼠右侧腓肠肌实施拉伸,记录载荷-伸长曲线,并分别制光镜及电镜组织切片。结果各组大鼠载荷-伸长曲线形态相似,曲线延伸趋势相同。但拉伸过程中到达平台的时间为3 cm/min>6 cm/min>12 cm/min;光镜及电镜下观察,无拉伤腓肠肌结构未出现明显异常,而拉伤腓肠肌呈现典型损伤表现。结论改进后的实验造成了腓肠肌内部分纤维的断裂损伤模型,模拟了临床常见的骨骼肌部分拉伤。通过对3种拉伸速率的比较,为减少拉伸时间,选择6 cm/min作为实验研究的拉伸速率较为合适。     

条件免疫反应哮喘动物模型建立的实验研究

为建立条件免疫反应哮喘动物模型，采用经典的声光刺激做为条件刺激，以５％ＯＡ抗原激发豚鼠引发支所管哮喘做为非条件刺激结合强化训练６周。于第６周开始仅予以条件刺激，用０．９％生理盐水代替５％ＯＡ做为非条件刺激，诱发豚鼠的支气管哮喘发作。结果发现条件刺激组ＣＳ１、ＣＳ２与非条件刺激组ＮＳ１在叹所频率与肺总阻力上在同步训练周的第３周、第５周有明显差异（Ｐ〈０．０５及Ｐ〈０．０１）。于诱发周ＣＳ１组在４只动     

建立糖尿病心肌病动物模型方法的实验研究

目的研究建立糖尿病心肌病动物模型的科学、实用的方法。方法应用链脲佐菌素对SD大鼠进行一次性腹腔注射,通过观察大鼠的一般状况、进食量、进水量、尿量、体重的变化,监测血糖、尿糖、心肌酶含量、胰岛素水平、心肌超微结构、心脏大血管内膜情况及心电图情况来评估糖尿病心肌病的发病情况。结果腹腔注射STZ 3周后,模型组大鼠出现病态表现,进食量、饮水量、尿量增加,体重下降。血糖值、尿糖值及肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶值均较对照组大鼠升高。胰岛素水平较对照组明显降低,心肌超微结构符合糖尿病心肌病表现,心脏大血管未见纤维斑块和粥样斑块。结论对SD大鼠进行一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(55mg/kg),大鼠于注射后第3周可出现稳定的糖尿病心肌病状态。这是一种可靠且实用性强的糖尿病心肌病动物模型的制备方法。     

乌龙减肥茶对营养性肥胖型大鼠减肥降脂的实验研究

乌龙减肥茶对营养性肥胖型大鼠减肥降脂的实验研究福建省卫生防疫站（福州３５０００１）陈冠敏陈纫雄姜瑞钗林晶陈小萍肥胖者随着年龄的增长，常伴有高脂血症或高脂蛋白血症及高血压、动脉粥样硬化等病症，这与其血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有关...     

建立溶脲脲原体动物模型的实验研究

目的用溶脲脲原体(ureap lasm a urealyticum,UU)感染雄性大鼠泌尿系统,建立人工溶脲脲原体感染的动物模型。方法采用模拟性交的自然方式使雄性大鼠反复感染UU,16天后处死大鼠,解剖泌尿系统,分别取膀胱、前列腺及尿道中段进行UU培养。结果60%的大鼠尿道中段UU培养阳性,40%的大鼠前列腺UU培养阳性,膀胱UU培养阴性。结论成功建立了溶脲脲原体感染的实验动物模型,有助于研究抗支原体药物的作用及疗效。     

酒精性肝损伤实验动物模型研究进展

酒精性肝损伤即酒精性肝病（Alcoholic Liver Disease,ALD）,是一种进行性发展严重危害身体健康的疾病。在世界范围内ALD发病率呈逐年上升趋势,为了深入研究其发病机制,筛选有效的防治药物,寻找理想的实验动物模型是十分必要的。本文就建立ALD动物模型研究进展作一简要综述。     

高铁血红蛋白还原酶的分离纯化及与钼的关系

我们曾经发现钼可明显减轻饲喂克山病病区粮大鼠由附加亚硝酸钠所致心肌坏死［１］。亚硝酸钠对人体最大的危害是形成高铁血红蛋白血症［２］。钼拮抗亚硝酸钠减轻心肌坏死很可能通过对高铁血红蛋白血症的抑制作用而实现的。体内外高铁血红蛋白还原实验结果表明,克山病病...     

保健奶粉治疗老年Ⅱ型糖尿病的效用观察

保健奶粉是根据老年Ⅱ型糖尿病特点而设计的一种保健食品。在奶粉的基础上加入一定量的北瓜、南瓜等浓缩物、几种维生素（维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ）和微量元素（铬、锌）组成。目的：探讨保健奶粉对血糖水平的影响。治疗对象：经过体检,选择有Ⅱ型糖尿病者４０人,男性２２人,女性１８人,平均年龄为（６３．５±８．３）岁。每人每日服用保健奶粉两次,每次３０ｇ,治疗６０天。结果：服用保健奶粉后,空腹血糖从治疗前的（９．３９±１．９９）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,分别降到治疗３０天和６０天时（７．９８±２．７８）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（８．６５±２．１２）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,其中３０天时明显低于治疗前水平,Ｐ＜０．０５。尿糖变化不大。血中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,于治疗末（１．５８±０．２４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显高于治疗前（１．１２±０．１７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）水平,Ｐ＜０．０５。血中胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度治疗前与治疗末变化不大。体重治疗前后相似,无明显改变。结论：保健奶粉治疗老年Ⅱ型糖尿病有一定效用,并且能提高血中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,对机体是有益的。同时也是较好的补钙来源,是一种较适宜老年人用的保健食品。     

少量多餐、均匀进食对老年糖尿病人饮食控制的效果观察

目的：选择５２例老年糖尿病人,观察在总能量及其营养素相同的情况下,不同餐次后患者空腹及餐后血糖水平的变化。对象与方法：本院住院病人,男性２５例,女性２７例,年龄（６０～８１）岁。采取餐次调整前后各定１０天,药物治疗、饮食治疗量及内容物不变,前１０天供给餐次为一般的３次／日,按１／５,２／５,２／５分配;后１０天改为六餐,分配按２／１５、１／１５、４／１５、２／１５、４／１５、２／１５比例。血糖测定用葡萄糖氧化酶法,定时抽血测定。结果：ＢＭＩ＞２５的２８例肥胖患者,平均体重从（７６．１４±８．７２）ｋｇ下降到（７４．２６±８．７６）ｋｇ,Ｐ＜０．０１,体重指数从（２７．７３±２．５４）下降到（２７．０５±２．５１）,Ｐ＜０．０１。调整餐次后,纠正了老年Ⅱ型糖尿病人中存在的餐后血糖持高不下的特点。餐后２ｈ,尤其是早餐后２ｈ,血糖下降较明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）,再一次表明,少量多餐、均匀进食,在老年Ⅱ型糖尿病人的饮食治疗中有实际意义。结论：老年糖尿病多为ＮＩＤＤＭ,病人体内尚存一定的胰岛素分泌功能,饮食干预,尤其应针对老年人活动量减少,耐受低血糖的能力较青年患者差的特点,少量进食可避免饮食数量超过胰岛素的负担而使血糖?     

Extracts of Phyllostachys pubescens Leaves Represses Human Steroid 5-Alpha Reductase Type 2 Promoter Activity in BHP-1 Cells and Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rat Model

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common symptomatic abnormality of the human prostate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the effect of bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, leaves extract (PPE) on human 5α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene promoter activity in human prostate cell lines and the protective effect of PPE on a testosterone-induced BPH rat model. PPE repressed human SRD5A2 promoter activity and its mRNA expression. The rats treated with PPE for 4 weeks showed a significantly attenuated prostate weight compared to vehicle control. PPE-treated rats also showed reduced serum dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, prostate-specific antigen, and SRD5A2 levels by testosterone injection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that PPE treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression of SRD5A2, androgen receptor (AR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and fibroblast growth factor 2 compared with the vehicle-treated, testosterone-injected rats in the prostate. Furthermore, PPE treatment showed reduced AR, PCNA, and tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in the prostate via immunohistofluorescence staining. In conclusion, oral administration of PPE prevented and inhibited the development and progression of enlarged prostate lesions in testosterone-induced animal models through various anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects and induced suppression of SRD5A2 gene expression.     

2014―2018年广西柳州市HCV的基因型和1b亚型NS5B区的序列特征

目的  分析2014―2018年广西柳州市丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）的基因型分布和HCV 1b亚型NS5B区的序列特征。 方法  收集慢性丙型病毒性肝炎患者血清,提取HCV RNA,反转录后用巢式PCR扩增NS5B区序列,测序后构建进化树分析HCV基因型和基因亲缘关系。用聚类分析法对比HCV 1b本地群、非本地群和参照株NS5B区基因和蛋白序列的差异。 结果  广西柳州市HCV流行的基因型包括1a、1b、2a/c、3a、3b、6a、6c/d和未分型（NT）,分别占3.39%、43.01%、0.42%、13.98%、6.99%、28.81%、3.18%和0.21%;HCV 1b亚型中61.6%的病毒与各参照株进化距离均较远,其比例在2014―2018年分别占HCV 1b亚型的69.8%、78.6%、43.3%、47.6%和59.6%;该群HCV的NS5B基因有15个经常性突变位点,可导致NS5B蛋白I2682V和S2755N发生经常性变异。 结论  广西柳州市HCV流行的主导基因型依次为1b、6a和3a;HCV 1b亚型中的大部分属于本地亲缘性群,该群HCV的NS5B蛋白存在特征性的变异位点并可能影响直接抗病毒药的作用。     

α-Viniferin and ε-Viniferin Inhibited TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition,Migration and Invasion in Lung Cancer Cells through Downregulation of Vimentin Expression

Resveratrol has well-known anticancer properties; however, its oligomers, including α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, and kobophenol A, have not yet been well investigated. This is the first study examining the anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of α-viniferin and ε-viniferin on A549, NCI-H460, NCI-H520, MCF-7, HOS, and U2OS cells. The results showed that α-viniferin and ε-viniferin significantly inhibited EMT, invasion and migration in TGF-β1- or IL-1β-induced non-small cell lung cancer. α-Viniferin and ε-viniferin also reversed TGF-β1-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMP2, vimentin, Zeb1, Snail, p-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, and ABCG2 expression in A549 cells. Furthermore, ε-viniferin was found to significantly inhibit lung metastasis in A549 cell xenograft metastatic mouse models. In view of these findings, α-viniferin and ε-viniferin may play an important role in the prevention of EMT and cancer metastasis in lung cancer.     

Structure of Peroxisomes and Activity of the Marker Enzyme Catalase in Digestive Epithelial Cells in Relation to PAH Content of Mussels from Two Basque Estuaries (Bay of Biscay): Seasonal and Site-Specific Variations

The aim of the present work was to study the seasonal as well as the site-specific variations in the structure of peroxisomes and in the activity of the peroxisomal marker enzyme catalase in digestive epithelial cells of mussels to validate the potential use of these parameters as early biomarkers of environmental organic pollution in estuarine ecosystems. For this purpose, mussels were sampled monthly for 14 months in two Basque estuaries (Bay of Biscay) with different degrees of pollution. Stereological procedures were applied to detect changes in peroxisome structure, and microspectrophotometry was used to quantify changes in catalase activity. The animals from the two studied sampling sites presented differences in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) burdens, mussels from Plentzia generally showing lower total PAH contents than mussels from Galea. The peroxisome structure of the animals from the two estuaries suffered seasonal variations that were of different kind and intensity in both sites. In this way, a strong peroxisome proliferatory response was found in mussels sampled in Plentzia during the summer months, while mussels from Galea presented few variations along the year. Catalase activity behaved similarly in the animals sampled in the two estuaries, with higher values in spring. It appeared that mussels exposed chronically to PAHs and other pollutants, such as those from Galea, lost their ability to respond to this exposure in terms of peroxisome proliferation. In contrast, mussels collected in Plentzia effectively responded to an increased bioavailability of organic pollutants during the summer by increasing peroxisome volume and surface and numerical densities in digestive epithelial cells. However, these increases were transient because elevated PAH body burdens detected in mussels sampled in Plentzia in autumn were not accompanied by a peroxisome proliferatory response. Further studies are needed before changes in peroxisomal structure and in the activity of catalase could be used as early biomarkers to assess environmental quality in pollution monitoring programs like the Mussel Watch. Received: 8 March 1998/Accepted: 30 September 1998