关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带及其影响因素。方法 采用开口螺旋肌腱剥离器,保留肌腱远端附着点,肌腱肌肉交界处切断肌腱,对折四股编织转移镜下重腱后交叉韧带,内口侧采用可吸收挤压螺钉固定。结果 12例术后平均随访29个月。术前后抽屉试验10例阳性,术后1例阳性;Lachman试验术前均阳性,术后1例阳性,1例弱阳性;轴移试验术前5例阳性,术后均消失。按照日本骨科协会制定的膝关节疗效评定标准,优良率为83.3％。结论 镜下四股(?)绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带,韧带两端无骨块,通过隧道较B—PT—B顺畅。可吸收螺钉在隧道内口侧固定,愈后内口消失,避免受韧带撞击使之逐渐扩大引起重建韧带松驰、关节不稳。胫骨隧道外口原附着点的牢固附着,股骨隧道外口的坚强固定,使重建后交叉韧带有足够强度。手术具有创伤小,能早期锻炼,功能恢复快的特点。     

关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体跟腱重建膝后交叉韧带

目的　探讨关节镜下应用异体跟腱移植重建膝后交叉韧带 (PCL)的方法及疗效。方法　回顾 1996年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 2月在关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体跟腱移植重建PCL 19例 ,术中用环锯切取标准化的柱状跟骨栓 ,确保移植物在股骨及胫骨隧道内紧密嵌插固定 ,不需要特殊内固定物。术前及术后 18个月用Lysholm -II评分评定膝关节功能及患肢运动水平。 结果随访 19例 ,随访时间超过 18个月 ,术前Lysholm -II评分平均 5 6分 (4 2～ 6 4分 ) ,手术后 18个月Lysholm -II评分平均 84分 (5 6～ 94分 ) ,总优良率 88%。结论　应用深低温冷冻异体跟腱重建PCL可有效改善膝关节稳定性 ,术中股骨及胫骨隧道准确定位、术后系统康复治疗是确保手术疗效的关键     

关节镜下双股半腱肌腱转移重建后交叉韧带

目的:报告关节镜下双股半腱肌腱转移重建后交叉韧带及分析影响其手术效果因素。方法:采用开口螺旋肌腱剥离器,保留肌腱远侧附着点,在近侧腱肌交界处切断半腱肌腱,对折两股编织转移镜下重建后交叉韧带。隧道内口侧可吸收挤压螺钉固定,股骨隧道外口加强固定。结果:手术28例,平均随访33个月,按照日本骨科协会制定的膝关节疗效评定标准,优良率为85.7％。结论:(1)关节镜下双股半腱肌腱转移重建后交叉韧带,较B-PT-B通过隧道时柔顺通畅;(2)隧道内口可吸收钉挤压固定,愈后内口消失,避免韧带撞击内口使之逐渐扩大引起重建韧带松驰。(3)隧道内外口的坚强固定,使重建后交叉韧带有足够刚强度。     

关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧绳肌肌腱一期重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的近期临床效果。方法对2004年6月~2005年3月收治的10例膝关节前后交叉韧带同时断裂的患者,切取双侧腘绳肌腱,2条半腱肌腱和2条股薄肌腱分别对折成四束,折端固定同直径EndoPearl。关节镜下利用两组移植物同时分别重建膝前后交叉韧带。股骨端应用可吸收界面螺钉顶压固定EndoPearl与移植肌腱,胫骨端应用Intrafix固定四束肌腱。结果10例均获得随访,平均7.5个月(6~15个月),切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染。其中新鲜损伤4例,陈旧性损伤6例,合并后外侧复合体损伤3例,均予同期修复,合并内侧副韧损伤6例,未予特殊处理,5例曾急诊修复腘动静脉。术后3个月膝关节活动范围均超过120°,无伸膝受限,后抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性2例,其余为阴性;Lyshlom评分(92.6±3.2)分。结论关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带方法确切,可有效恢复膝关节功能。     

Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Posterior Cruciate Ligament with Embedded Tibial Tendon Bolt

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of newly designed arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using tibial tendon bolt.MethodsThe effects of embedded tendon pin were observed by X‐ray of knee joint. From October 2010 to September 2015, 51 PCL injury patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. The arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the PCL with tibial tendon bolt was performed on all patients. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) assessment, posterior drawer test (PDT), and KT‐1000 activity score were evaluated preoperatively and at 1‐year postoperative and 3‐year postoperative.ResultsThe preoperative, 1‐year postoperative, and 3‐year postoperative IKDC score (15.8% ± 14.8%, 89.6% ± 5.8%, and 86.8% ± 5.4%), Lysholm score (17.4 ± 10.7, 91.2 ± 2.8, and 88.2 ± 3.1), VAS score (5.8 ± 1.2, 1.3 ± 0.5, and 0.6 ± 0.5), Tegner activity score (1.2 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.8, and 7.4 ± 0.8), and KT‐1000 score (15.6 ± 3.6, 4.5 ± 2.4, and 5.4 ± 1.8) were obtained. There were significant differences in these outcomes among preoperative, 1‐year postoperative, and 3‐year postoperative (all P < 0.0001). After 1‐ and 3‐year surgery, 31 (60.8%) and 26 (51.0%) patients had the negative PDT, indicating that the PCL injury was improved. There were no postoperative complications.ConclusionThe application of tendon pin fixed by tibial inlay 8‐shaped tibial tunnel to reconstruct PCL was an effective, simple, and safe surgical procedure for PCL injury.     

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Graft With Remnant Augmentation

Despite good early functional results, the posterior laxity of the knee is not completely eliminated after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. The PCL can retain the normal tension only when the injured ligament is maintained anatomically. This article describes a technique of PCL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft with PCL remnant augmentation. The harvested hamstring tendons were quadrupled, sized, and pretensioned before use. The PCL remnants and the synovium were preserved. Minimal debridement was performed to gain access to the insertion sites. The tibia and femoral tunnels were created with graft size–matched reamers. The graft was transfixed at 70° of knee flexion with a 15-lb anterior drawer force on the proximal tibia. This surgical technique has several advantages. The hamstring graft acts as an independent PCL reconstruction and maintains the PCL remnant tension. The PCL remnants and synovium may be beneficial to ligament healing and postoperative rehabilitation. The procedure is technically feasible and cosmetically acceptable. The selection of autograft precludes the risks of allograft and artificial ligament. The short-term results are encouraging, but long-term results are needed to confirm the value of this technique for PCL reconstruction.     

关节镜下自体髌腱重建前交叉韧带及有关问题的探讨

目的 报告关节镜下自体髌腱中１／３重建前交叉韧带（ＡＣＬ）,并分析影响手术效果的因素。方法 采用关节镜下自体骨－髌腱－骨（Ｂ－ＰＴ－Ｂ）中１／３重建ＡＣＬ。手术１５例,男１０例,女５例,年龄２１～４０岁,平均２６岁,术后随访５－１９个月,平均随访１３个月,术前抽屉试验１５例均阳性,术后２例阳性,轴移试验３例阳性,术后均消失,Ｌａｃｈｍａｎ试验有５例阳性,术后２例弱阳性,膝前疼痛３例,结果 按照日本     

关节镜下膝关节后交叉韧带重的临床体会

目的：总结17例关节镜下后交叉韧带重的体会。方法：关节镜下移植中1／3骨－髋韧带－骨或半腱＋股薄肌腱组织建重膝关节后交叉韧带,用于治疗后交叉韧带损伤后关节不稳定。结果：所有患平均随访时间为13．1个月。Larson评分由术前61例提高到93分。Lysholm评分由术前55分提高到91分。所有患膝术前后抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性,术后仅2例抽屉试验弱阳性,1例Lachman弱阳性,所有患主观评价膝关节功能明显增进,对治疗效果满意。结论：在关节镜直视下,能准确确定位后交叉韧带解剖止点,钻制骨遂道,植入移植组织,该技术具有不切开关节囊,损伤小、关节粘连率低的优点。     

关节镜下自体四股腘绳肌腱可吸收界面螺钉重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨自体四股绳肌腱、可吸收界面螺钉重建前交叉韧带(anteriorcruciateligament,ACL)的手术方法及疗效。方法关节镜下以自体四股绳肌腱为ACL重建替代物,保留少许ACL残端作为定位标志物,应用可吸收界面螺钉固定,对37例ACL损伤病例行重建术。结果随访6～28个月,平均11.4个月。术后36例膝关节活动度在正常范围,无韧带撞击现象。Lachman试验:33例≤1 ,4例2 。轴移试验术后全部阴性。Lysholm评分由术前的平均50.1分提高到术后的平均90.5分,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下自体四股绳肌腱、可吸收界面螺钉重建ACL是恢复膝关节稳定性较好的方法。准确的关节内入口定位是手术成功的关键。     

关节镜下胫骨端RigidFix、股骨端IntraFix固定技术重建后交叉韧带

目的探讨胫骨端RigidFix和股骨端IntraFix固定重建技术治疗后交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法2007年3月-2010年3月,采用同种异体胫前肌腱为移植物重建后交叉韧带35例,男27例,女8例。年龄25—42岁,平均32．5岁。左膝12例,右膝23例。移植物胫骨端以RigidFix横穿钉固定,股骨端以Intra Fix挤压螺钉固定。术后通过体格检查、Lysholm评分及国际膝关节文献管理委员会（International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC）评分来评价手术疗效。结果所有手术成功,无骨折或定位偏离等并发症。术后随访24～60个月,平均35．3月。末次随访时35例胫骨下陷征均为阴性;Lachman征阴性33例,I度阳性2例;后抽屉试验阴性31例,I度阳性3例,Ⅱ度阳性1例。Lysholm评分85．0±4．5（80～98）分,优9例,良25例,中1例。IKDC评分85．1±2．6（81～95）分,A级9例,B级26例。上述指标均较术前明显改善。结论胫骨端RigidFix和股骨端IntraFix固定重建后交叉韧带时不用顾忌移植物长度限制,操作简单;中心固定不会影响移植物的位置,可避免对移植物造成切割,避免干扰腱骨界面。此项技术切实可行、固定可靠,且不易发生并发症,疗效优良。     

关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱一期重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的近期临床效果.方法 对2004年6月～2005年3月收治的10例膝关节前后交叉韧带同时断裂的患者,切取双侧腘绳肌腱,2条半腱肌腱和2条股薄肌腱分别对折成四束,折端固定同直径EndoPearl.关节镜下利用两组移植物同时分别重建膝前后交叉韧带.股骨端应用可吸收界面螺钉顶压固定EndoPearl与移植肌腱,胫骨端应用Intrafix固定四束肌腱.结果 10例均获得随访,平均7.5个月(6～15个月),切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染.其中新鲜损伤4例,陈旧性损伤6例,合并后外侧复合体损伤3例,均予同期修复,合并内侧副韧损伤6例,未予特殊处理,5例曾急诊修复腘动静脉.术后3个月膝关节活动范围均超过120°,无伸膝受限,后抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性2例,其余为阴性;Lyshlom评分(92.6±3.2)分.结论 关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带方法确切,可有效恢复膝关节功能.     

关节镜下人工韧带移植重建膝前后交叉韧带

目的回顾性研究关节镜下应用人工韧带重建膝交叉韧带的疗效。方法应用LARS人工韧带对16例交叉韧带损伤行关节镜下重建,术后予以早期康复锻练,对临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果手术时间55～96min,平均65min。16例均随访3～30个月,平均16个月。术后无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动受限等并发症。按照IKDC评分标准及Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行评估,术后膝关节功能均得到良好恢复。结论LARS人工韧带的应用能避免取材部位的并发症,操作简便,可早期康复锻炼,极好的恢复关节屈伸度,获得满意疗效。     

Antegrade Tibial Tunnel Technique for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction remains a difficult procedure even in experienced hands0 because there is a lack of consensus regarding the most reliable and least technically challenging technique. The commonly used retrograde anteromedial tibial tunnel leads to excessive angulation at the posterior tibia and risks catastrophic neurovascular complications. We present a technique of drilling the transtibial PCL tunnel in an antegrade fashion through a posteromedial portal. This technique offers the advantage of an anterolateral route to reduce graft angulation, as well as drilling away from the important posterior neurovascular structures.