中国人急性髓系白血病中IDH2基因突变及其临床特征分析

本研究检测192例急性髓系白血病（AML）患者IDH2基因突变并探讨其临床特征。提取AML患者初发时外周血或骨髓单个核细胞基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增产物直接测序法检测IDH2基因第4号外显子第140及第172氨基酸突变情况,同时也检测FLT3/ITD,NPM1,CEBPA,c-kit,IDH1,WT1及Dnmt3a突变。结果显示,192例急性白血病患者中共发现IDH2基因突变14例,突变率7.29%,其中R140Q突变9例,R140W突变1例,R172K突变4例。14例IDH2突变患者9例为AML-M5型白血病,与其他类型白血病相比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。IDH2突变组患者的年龄、性别、白细胞数、血小板数、血红蛋白水平、骨髓原始细胞数与IDH2野生型组相比均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。免疫分型中,IDH2突变较野生型易表达CD34（P〈0.05）和CD13（P〈0.05）,不易表达CD36（P〈0.05）。IDH2突变在正常核型中的突变率为8.47%（5/59）,与异常核型组比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）;7例合并FLT3/ITD阳性,与野生型比较有无明显差异（P=0.018）;5例合并Dnmt3a突变,与野生型有明显差异（P=0.001）;不易合并IDH1突变发生（P〈0.05）。14例突变中仅1例合并BCR/ABL融合基因,说明其不易发生伴融合基因（P〈0.05）。7例IDH2 R140突变患者中6例达诱导后完全缓解,较野生型高,但无统计学意义。结论：IDH2基因R140及R172突变在中国人急性髓系白血病发病率为7.29%,以R140Q突变为主,其在CN-AML中发生率为7.81%;IDH2突变易发生在AML-M5中,易表达CD34和CD13,不易表达CD36,易合并FLT3/ITD,Dnmt3a突变发生,不易伴IDH1突变及融合基因发生,对完全缓解率无明显影响。     

205例急性髓系白血病患者IDH1基因突变的检测及其临床意义分析

本研究检测205例急性髓系白血病(AML)患者IDH1基因R132突变并探讨其临床特征。提取205例成人AML患者初发时外周血或骨髓单个核细胞基因组DNA,通过PCR的方法分别扩增IDH1基因的第4号外显子后进行测序比对。结果发现,205例AML患者中9例有IDH1基因R132突变,突变率4.39%,R132H型突变6例,R132L,R132G,R132S突变各1例,其中5例为AML-M2型白血病,与其他类型比较有统计学意义(P=0.002);9例患者血小板中位数45.5×109/L,低于IDH1为野生型患者(P=0.003);IDH1突变患者在性别、年龄、初发白细胞计数、血红蛋白水平及骨髓幼稚细胞比例上与IDH1为野生型的患者相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。9例患者中4例为正常核型,在71例CN-AML中的突变率为5.63%;合并FLT3/ITD突变5例,与IDH1为野生型患者比较有明显差异(P=0.017);合并c-kit突变的1例;合并NPM1突变2例;无合并CEBPA突变者,与野生型比较有明显差异(P=0.031);无合并WT1突变者。结论:IDH1基因R132突变在中国人AML中发生率为4.39%,以R132H突变为主,易在AML-M2型中发生,具有低血小板计数,易合并FLT3/ITD突变,不易合并CEBPA突变等特征。     

IDH2基因突变对急性髓系白血病患者的临床特征及预后影响

目的:分析异柠檬酸脱氢酶2(IDH2)基因突变在急性髓系白血病(AML)中的发生率、临床特征及预后意义。方法:收集2015年1月至2018年10月经MICM分型确诊的223例初治AML患者的骨髓标本,采用PCR扩增产物直接测序法检测IDH2基因4号外显子的突变情况,分析AML中IDH2基因突变的发生率及类型,分析伴IDH2基因突变AML患者的临床特征并评估其治疗疗效。结果:223例AML患者中,23例患者存在IDH2基因突变,突变率为10. 31%,其中IDH2R140Q 15例(65. 22%),IDH2R172K 6例(26. 09%),IDH2R140W 2例(8. 70%)。IDH2基因突变组中位年龄高于未突变组中位年龄(P=0. 008),初诊血小板计数高于未突变组血小板计数(P=0. 010)。IDH2基因突变组FAB分型与非突变组相比无明显统计学差异(P 0. 05),但是IDH2基因突变组M4和M5的发生率较高。IDH2基因突变在正常核型组和NPM1基因突变组的发生率较高,其中IDH2R140Q突变亚型与NPM1基因突变有相关性,但是IDH2R172K突变亚型与NPM1基因突变无相关性。IDH2突变组化疗完全缓解(CR)率为57. 14%,低于非突变组的80. 46%(χ~2=5. 927,P=0. 015),其中IDH2R140Q突变组化疗完全缓解率,与非突变组相比差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),但IDH2R172K突变组化疗完全缓解率明显低于非突变组(χ~2=7. 734,P=0. 005)。不伴有NPM1突变的患者中,IDH2突变组2年总生存(OS)率为36. 36%,低于非突变组2年总生存率66. 40%(χ~2=3. 958,P=0. 047),其中IDH2R172K突变组2年总生存率明显低于非突变组(P 0. 05);所有随访患者中,IDH2突变组2年总生存率为50%,与非突变组2年总生存率(66. 88%)相比无明显统计学差异(P 0. 05),但是IDH2R172K突变组2年总生存率明显低于非突变组(P 0. 05);在正常核型患者中或伴有NPM1突变的患者中,IDH2突变组2年总生存率与非突变组2年总生存率相比,均无明显统计学差异(P 0. 05)。结论:IDH2基因突变是AML患者较常见的基因突变,IDH2基因突变患者年龄较大,血小板计数较高。IDH2基因突变易发生于正常核型患者,在FAB分型M4和M5的发生率较高。IDH2基因突变与NPM1基因突变有相关性,但是IDH2R172K突变亚型与NPM1基因突变无相关性。IDH2基因突变与患者的预后有一定相关性,其中IDH2R140Q突变对AML患者的预后无影响,IDH2R172K突变可能是AML患者预后不良的分子标志。     

高分辨率熔解曲线分析法检测急性髓系白血病c-kit基因突变

目的 应用高分辨率熔解(HRM)曲线分析法检测急性髓系白血病(AML)患者c-kit基因常见突变N822K和D816V.方法 对21例t(8;21)阳性AML患者骨髓标本的c-kit基因第17号外显子进行PCR扩增、HRM突变检测及DNA测序验证.结果 HRM分析发现21例患者中6例(28.6%)的c-kit基因扩增产物出现异常熔解曲线,经测序验证1例为D816V杂合子突变,5例为N822K杂合子突变.结论 HRM分析是一种简便、快速、特异和高通量的c-kit基因突变筛查方法.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the common mutations (D816V and N822K) of c-kit gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using high-resolution melting analysis (HRM). Methods HRM analysis was established to screen c-kit mutations in PCR products of c-kit exon 17 in 21 AML patients with t(8;21 ). PCR products were sequenced to confirm the mutation. Results HRM analysis identified an aberrant melting curve in 6 cases (28.6%), which were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing as one D816V mutation and five N822K mutation. Conclusion HRM analysis is a convenient, rapid, specific and high-throughput technique for scanning c-kit gene mutation in AML.     

急性髓系白血病患者IDH1和IDH2基因突变的检测及其临床意义

目的 评估异柠檬酸脱氢酶1和2(IDH1和IDH2)基因突变在急性髓系白血病(AML)患者中的发生频率和对预后的影响,并探讨IDH突变与临床、细胞遗传学、分子危险度分层的关系。方法 2009年9月至2011年1月收治的96例初治AML患者,采用RT-PCR扩增产物直接测序法检测IDH1及IDH2基因的突变情况,了解IDH突变阳性患者的临床特征。结果 96例AML患者中检出IDH1突变患者14例(14.6％),突变位点包括国际上未见报道的p.P127和p.I130;检出IDH2突变2例(2.2％),突变位点为第140位氨基酸。14例IDH1突变阳性患者中10例为正常核型患者;2例IDH2突变阳性患者均为正常核型患者。IDH突变阳性的患者白细胞计数较高,血小板计数较低,但与野生型患者相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。IDH2突变阳性患者年龄偏大。IDH突变阳性的患者表达HLA-DR、CD33、CD34、CD13抗原和具有缓解率低、复发率高的特点。结论 IDH突变是AML患者常见的分子突变类型,并且是AML患者的不良预后因素。     

高分辨率熔解曲线法检测药物性耳聋相关线粒体12S rRNA突变

目的建立一种基于高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)技术的药物性耳聋相关线粒体12S rRNA基因1494CT和1555AG突变快速检测方法。方法采用定点诱变克隆策略构建突变质粒DNA标准品;建立突变位点靶序列PCR扩增及HRM分析方法,并检测106例非综合征耳聋患者标本,以DNA直接测序法进行验证。结果建立的HRM检测方法能准确检出线粒体12S rRNA基因1494CT和1555AG突变,各基因型HRM曲线特征明显且易于分析判断;106例非综合征耳聋患者标本中检出6例1555AG突变,检测结果与DNA测序结果一致。结论建立了药物性耳聋相关人类线粒体12S rRNA基因1494CT和1555AG突变HRM检测方法,操作简单快速、结果准确可靠,可应用于人群筛查和临床常规分子诊断。     

等位基因特异PCR结合熔解曲线分析快速检测线粒体DNA A1555G突变

目的建立一种线粒体DNA A1555G突变的快速检测方法。方法以45例线粒体耳聋患者为研究对象,采用等位基因特异PCR结合熔解曲线分析对线粒体DNA A1555G突变位点进行检测,根据得到的熔解曲线分析线粒体DNA A1555G突变。并与PCR产物直接测序法结果进行比较。结果线粒体DNA A1555G同质性突变时只出现一个峰且峰尖所对应的Tm为(82±0.5)℃;线粒体DNA A1555G未发生突变时只出现一个峰且峰尖所对应的Tm为(79±0.5)℃;线粒体DNA A1555G异质性突变时出现2个峰且各自峰尖所对应的Tm为(82±0.5)℃和(79±0.5)℃。45例样本的检测结果与PCR产物直接测序法的结果符合率达100%。结论等位基因特异PCR结合熔解曲线分析具有操作简便、结果准确、快速等特点,可作为线粒体DNA A1555G突变检测的常规方法。     

急性髓系白血病中异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因突变的研究

本研究探讨急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者中异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因(IDH1、IDH2基因)点突变及其临床意义。选取90例初发AML患者,以基因组DNA为模板,分别扩增IDH1、IDH2基因的4号外显子,PCR产物通过直接测序法检测IDH突变情况。结果表明,有IDH1基因突变的患者为4例,有IDH2基因突变的患者为7例,突变率分别为4.4%、7.8%,无患者同时存在有2种突变,总突变率为12.2%。在有突变的患者中正常核型所占比例为72.7%,明显高于核型异常患者。存在突变的患者的缓解率为72.7%,较无突变患者高,但两者无统计学差异。有IDH基因突变的患者在缓解后突变消失,而复发后在同样位点再次出现突变。结论:IDH基因突变主要见于正常核型的患者中,尤其是合并NPM1基因突变患者,并与复发相关。IDH基因突变可能成为AML尤其是正常核型AML治疗和预后的指标。     

反义核酸抑制PCR荧光检测乙型肝炎病毒S基因145位密码子变异株及其临床应用

目的 建立一种反义核酸抑制PCR荧光检测方法,对临床标本乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)S基因G145R/A变异株进行检测.方法 依据HBV S基因587和588位核苷酸变异设计PCR DNA扩增引物,并增加一条反义野生型引物.使其遇到野生型(不含G145R/A基因变异)核苷酸序列时不能扩增,PCR扩增被抑制,而遇到突变型核苷酸序列时能扩增,并以荧光显示G145R/A突变.结果 使用突变型DNA引物进行PCR DNA扩增,对质粒DNA和HBV临床标本进行检测,检出G145R/A突变标本12份,对此12份标本采用ELISA法检测HBsAg和HBsAb,结果均为阳性.结论 该方法简便、准确,可用于临床筛查G145R/A变异株检测.     

双重PCR检测急性髓系白血病FLT3-ITD和NPM1基因突变

本研究旨在建立一种同时筛查FLT3-ITD突变和NPM1突变的检测方法。设计2对引物,分别扩增NPM1基因的外显子12和FLT3基因的外显子14、内含子14、外显子15,以覆盖几乎所有已知突变位点。对双重PCR体系的反应程序和引物浓度比例进行优化,将双重PCR产物通过毛细管电泳分离,根据野生型产物和突变型产物的大小差异来判断突变存在与否并利用产物的峰面积对突变比例进行定量,并对突变阳性标本进行测序验证。结果表明,在93例标本中NPM1突变者17例(18.5%),FLT3-ITD突变者15例(16.3%),NPM1突变和FLT3-ITD突变双阳性6例。17例NPM1突变中7例M2、4例M4、5例M5、1例M6,其中10例男性、7例女性;有15例为A型,1例为B型,1例为Nm型;有1例CML急变为AML的标本中带有NPM1基因A型突变。15例FLT3-ITD阳性中1例M1、8例M2、2例M3、1例M4、3例M5,其中5例男性、10例女性。扩增产物测序结果进一步证明了该检测体系的准确性和可靠性。结论 :建立了同时筛查FLT3-ITD突变和NPM1突变的检测体系,该体系以基因组DNA为模板,具有方便、快捷、准确、可定...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.