黄芩苷对中波紫外线所致HaCaT细胞凋亡、细胞周期变化及p16、原癌基因c-myc蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察中波紫外线(UVB)辐射引起的人表皮角质形成细胞株HacaT细胞凋亡、细胞周期及p16、c-myc蛋白水平的影响及传统中药黄芩苷(baicalin)对它的干预作用.方法:以200 mg/L黄芩苷预处理HacaT细胞,以流式细胞仪检测经0、30、60和90 mJ/cm2的UVB照射后24 h细胞周期和凋亡率变化;以Western blot方法检测90 mJ/cm2 UVB照射后p16、c-myc 蛋白的表达水平.结果:UVB照射可诱导HaCaT细胞产生凋亡,凋亡率呈剂量依赖性增加;30 mJ/cm2 剂量下细胞可出现明显S期阻滞,随UVB剂量增大,S期细胞数量相对下降;照光后p16、c-myc蛋白水平均有所增高.加入黄芩苷处理可抑制UVB引起的上述变化.结论:黄芩苷可明显抑制UVB引起的凋亡与细胞周期阻滞以及p16、c-myc蛋白表达,证实该药具有有效的光保护作用.     

绿茶提取物及羟氯喹对表皮细胞光保护生物学效应的研究

目的观察羟氯喹及没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)对中波紫外线(UVB)照射引起的人永生化角质形成细胞系HaCaT细胞增殖活性变化及凋亡的影响。方法采用剂量分别为0、30、60、90mJ/cm~2的UVB照射培养的HaCaT细胞并加入羟氯喹及EGCG,共孵育24h后以四甲基偶氮唑蓝还原法(MTT)检测细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率变化。结果UVB照射后HaCaT细胞出现增殖活性下降,其幅度与辐射强度成正比;加入羟氯喹及EGCG可使细胞活性有一定程度恢复;此外,UVB照射可诱导HaCaT细胞产生凋亡,凋亡率呈UVB剂量依赖方式增加;30mJ/cm~2UVB照射可使HaCaT细胞出现明显S期阻滞,随UVB剂量增大,S期细胞数量相对下降;加入药物处理可抑制上述改变。结论羟氯喹和EGCG可明显抑制UVB引起的HaCaT细胞增殖活性下降、凋亡与细胞周期阻滞。     

黑果枸杞水提取物抑制UVB辐射后HaCaT细胞的凋亡及p16、p53蛋白表达

目的：明确黑果枸杞水提取物对中波紫外线(UVB)辐射引起的HaCaT细胞凋亡及p16、p53蛋白表达的影响。方法： 体外培养HaCaT细胞,分为对照组、UVB组、UVB+黑果枸杞水提取物组,UVB照射剂量为30 mJ/cm2 UVB,黑果枸杞水提取物浓度为2 mg/mL。流式细胞仪检测各组UVB照射后24 h细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测各组HaCaT细胞p16、p53蛋白的表达水平。结果：与对照组（6.12±1.19）%比较,UVB组HaCaT细胞凋亡率为(74.89±3.90)%、UVB+黑枸杞水提取物组为（57.52±2.93）%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组p16和p53蛋白水平为0.1±0.03和0.21±0.07,UVB组为0.28±0.06和0.5±0.04、UVB+黑枸杞水提取物组为0.15±0.025和0.25±0.01,差异均有统计学意义（Ps<0.05）。结论：黑果枸杞水提物可抑制UVB引起的HaCaT细胞凋亡以及p16、p53蛋白表达。     

EGCG对中波紫外线诱导HaCaT细胞p53基因和蛋白表达的实验研究

目的:研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对中波紫外线(UVB)照射诱导永生化角质形成细胞株-HaCaT细胞的p53 mRNA和p53蛋白表达的影响。方法:以一定剂量UVB照射HaCaT细胞,并以200μg/mL EGCG处理照射后的HaCaT细胞,分别用RT-PCR法和Western blot方法检测各处理条件下p53 mRNA和/或p53蛋白的表达水平。结果:30 mJ/cm2的UVB照射后HaCaT细胞的p53 mR-NA和p53蛋白表达逐渐增加,4 h达到峰值,4 h后随照射剂量增加而增加,24 h后有所恢复;加入EGCG可下调UVB诱导的表达作用。结论:UVB照射对HaCaT细胞p53 mRNA和p53蛋白的诱导表达有时效性与量效性,EGCG可下调UVB照射的这种诱导作用。     

中波紫外线对角质形成细胞MMP-1及TIMP-1的影响

目的：研究中波紫外线照射对永生化人角质形成细胞的影响。方法：绘制细胞生长曲线,用不同剂量UVB（30、60、90 mJ/cm2）照射永生化人角质形成细胞,用MTT方法测定UVB照射后细胞的增殖活性,用RT-PCR方法测定HaCaT细胞中MMP-1mRNA和TIMP-1mRNA的表达。结果：UVB照射后,HaCaT细胞的增殖活性受到抑制,MMP-1 mRNA表达增强,TIMP-1 mRNA表达下降,90 mJ/cm2照光组与未照光组比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论：UVB照射可诱导HaCaT细胞损伤和细胞凋亡,促使MMP-1mRNA表达增加,TIMP-1 mRNA表达减少,二者比例失调,这可能与光老化的发生有一定的关系。     

益母草和枸杞对UVB损伤角质形成细胞的保护作用

目的探讨中草药益母草、枸杞对中波紫外线损伤角质形成细胞的保护作用及作用机制。方法用益母草和枸杞对HaCaT细胞进行预处理24h,采用30mJ/cm2、40mJ/cm2、50mJ/cm2剂量的UVB照射细胞,以MTT法检测细胞生存率,以酶联免疫吸附实验检测细胞上清液中TNF-α的分泌量,以Annexin-V凋亡试剂盒检测细胞凋亡率。结果经UVB照射后,细胞损伤程度与UVB照射剂量有关,益母草和枸杞均可提高UVB照射后角质形成细胞的生存率,减少细胞因子TNF-α的分泌。UVB照射后早期细胞损伤以凋亡为主,晚期以死亡为主,UVB照射8h后益母草和枸杞预处理的HaCaT细胞凋亡率明显减少(P<0.05)。结论UVB对角质形成细胞有损伤作用,且与照射剂量相关,益母草和枸杞对角质形成细胞具有光保护作用。抑制TNF-α的释放和减少细胞凋亡可能是其保护作用机制之一。     

黑果枸杞水提取物抑制UVB辐射后HaCaT细胞凋亡及p16、p53蛋白表达

目的:明确黑果枸杞水提取物对中波紫外线(UVB)辐射引起的HaC aT细胞凋亡及p16、p53蛋白表达的影响。方法:体外培养HaC aT细胞,分为对照组、UVB组、UVB+黑果枸杞水提取物组,UVB照射剂量为30 mJ/cm2,黑果枸杞水提取物浓度为2 mg/mL。流式细胞仪检测各组UVB照射12 h后Western blot检测各组HaC aT细胞p16、p53蛋白的表达水平。结果:与对照组(6.12±1.19)%比较,UVB组HaC aT细胞凋亡率为(74.89±3.90)%、UVB+黑果枸杞水提取物组为(57.52±2.93)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组p16和p53蛋白水平为0.1±0.03和0.21±0.07,UVB组为0.28±0.06和0.5±0.04、UVB+黑果枸杞水提取物组为0.15±0.025和0.25±0.01,差异均有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。结论:黑果枸杞水提取物可抑制UVB引起的HaC aT细胞凋亡以及p16、p53蛋白表达。     

黄芩甙对中波紫外线照射HaCaT细胞后光产物的影响

目的 探讨黄芩甙对UVB照射后HaCaT细胞光产物环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)的产生和清除的影响.方法 以一定剂量UVB照射HaCaT细胞,在照光后不同时间点采用免疫组织化学法检测CPD的产生和清除;以黄芩甙预先孵育HaCaT细胞,再观察黄芩甙对CPD的影响.结果 HaCaT细胞损伤程度随UVB照射剂量增大而加重.30mJ/cm²UVB照射后HaCaT光产物CPD的产生在0.5h左右达到高峰,同时细胞开始清除CPD,照射后4h内清除速率较快,至24h时基本清除CPD.黄芩甙预处理组UVB照射后细胞的CPD产生少于非加药组(U=2.324,P<0.05).结论 UVB照射对HaCaT细胞光损伤程度呈剂量递增性,HaCaT细胞对CPD的清除存在快速清除期及慢速清除期;黄芩甙可减少光产物生成.     

中波紫外线诱导HaCaT细胞凋亡的研究

目的以不同剂量的中波紫外线(UVB)诱导体外培养的人永生化角质形成细胞(HaCaT细胞)凋亡,探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)是否参与凋亡过程。方法取对数生长期的HaCaT细胞,分别用10 mJ/cm2,15 J/cm2,20 J/cm2,25 J/cm2,30 J/cm2的UVB照射,并于照射24 h后检测HaCaT细胞的增殖活性,分析HaCaT细胞的凋亡率,测定HaCaT细胞上清液中TNF-α的水平,观察细胞形态及凋亡细胞特征。结果在10~30 mJ/cm2的UVB照射下,随照射剂量的增大,细胞的增殖活性逐渐下降,而细胞的凋亡率逐渐增加,当剂量达30 J/cm2时,细胞凋亡率最大,细胞的增殖活性和凋亡率呈直线负相关;随UVB照射剂量的增大,TNF-α的分泌量增加,细胞上清液中TNF-α的分泌量和凋亡率呈直线正相关;倒置显微镜及透射电镜进一步从形态学上证实了细胞的凋亡改变。结论UVB可诱导细胞凋亡,且呈剂量依赖性;照射产生的TNF-α可能参与了其凋亡过程。     

中波紫外线对体外培养HaCaT细胞MAPK信号通路的影响

目的 探讨中波紫外线照射后不同时间点体外培养的HaCaT细胞MAPK信号通路受调控效应。 方法 1.5、4.5、7.5、10、20、30、50 mJ/cm2中波紫外线照射HaCaT细胞后8 h,对照组细胞除不进行UVB照射外,其他处理同各剂量UVB组,蛋白免疫印迹法测定ERK1/2、JNK和p38蛋白表达及磷酸化水平;50 mJ/cm2中波紫外线照射HaCaT细胞,蛋白免疫印迹法测定照射后2、4、8、12 h 4个时间点,细胞ERK1/2、JNK和p38蛋白表达及磷酸化水平。使用Quantity One软件计算目的条带吸光度,以相应蛋白条带的吸光度值与GAPDH蛋白内参条带吸光度值的比值表示相对蛋白含量。 结果 7.5、10、20、30、50 mJ/cm2 UVB照射HaCaT细胞后8 h,ERK1/2、JNK磷酸化水平明显上调（P < 0.05）,20、30、50 mJ/cm2 UVB照射HaCaT细胞后p38磷酸化水平上调显著（P < 0.05）,且都在50 mJ/cm2照射后效应最为显著（P < 0.05）。50 mJ/cm2 UVB照射HaCaT细胞后8 h,ERK1/2磷酸化产物水平出现上调,在处理后的12 h,与对照组（10.277 ± 0.320）比较,差异有统计学意义（44.844 ± 2.023,P < 0.05）,而p38和JNK磷酸化产物水平在照射后2 h即开始上调（P < 0.05）,4、8、12 h,p38和JNK与对照相比,UVB照射后虽存在着显著地磷酸化水平差异（P < 0.05）,但随时间推移JNK磷酸化产物水平这种上调的趋势逐渐弱化（P < 0.05）。 结论 在50 mJ/cm2中波紫外线照射后的HaCaT细胞中,ERK1/2、p38、JNK这3种MAPK信号通路产生了活化效应,具有一定的时间效应差异。     

中波紫外线辐射剂量与HaCaT细胞凋亡时相的相关性研究

目的 探讨中波紫外线(UVB)辐射角质形成细胞后,UVB辐射剂量与角质形成细胞凋亡时相的相关性。方法 以20,40,60,80,100和120mJ/cm²的UVB辐射永生化人角质形成细胞株HaCaT细胞,检测辐射后2,12,24,48和72h的细胞活性和细胞周期的变化,以及代表不同时相的凋亡通路:即应用广谱Caspase抑制剂VAD-FMK与凋亡细胞中活化的Caspase不可逆的结合检测早期Caspase介导的凋亡;应用AnnexinV及PI双染方法检测后发的细胞膜介导的凋亡;以及应用DNA的梯度凝胶电泳检测晚期细胞核介导的凋亡。结果 UVB辐射可使HaCaT细胞的细胞周期受滞于G2/M期,G2/M期的百分比与辐射剂量成正比。细胞活性于24h后与辐射剂量成反比。各时相的凋亡率均与辐射剂量成正比,但凋亡通路有明显的时相性:即早期(48h内)由Caspase和细胞膜介导凋亡为主,晚期(48h后)则由细胞核介导凋亡为主。结论 UVB诱导的角质形成细胞凋亡具有显著的剂量与时相依赖性特征。宜对其进行多指标、多时相的检测。     

Early cell kinetic effects of a single dose of monochromatic ultraviolet B irradiation on hairless mouse epidermis

Hairless mice were exposed to a single erythemic (25 mJ/cm2) or suberythemic dose (12.5 mJ/cm2) of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation at 297 nm. The cell kinetic changes were observed at several times during the first 7 d after the irradiation. The mitotic count, the mitotic rate (stathmokinetic method), and the number of suprabasal and basal cells were scored in histologic sections. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine was measured after pulse labeling, and the DNA distribution pattern was studied by flow cytometry. Initially, both UVB-doses induced a block or delay in the cell proliferation. The rate of entrance of cells into mitosis and the uptake of [3H]thymidine were reduced, and cells accumulated in the S phase of the cell cycle. Hence, during the first period after irradiation, UVB seemed to interfere with the DNA synthesis by inducing a prolonged S phase duration. The DNA synthesis rate was reduced to the same degree after both UVB-doses. From 24 h after irradiation rapid regenerative proliferation took place, most pronounced after the highest UVB-dose. Waves of proliferation seemed to arise from partially synchronized cohorts of cells proceeding through the cell cycle at a higher speed than normal. Thus, the present study indicates that UVB irradiation is comparable with the cell kinetic effects following both chemical skin carcinogens and non-carcinogenic skin irritants. UVB induces an inhibitory effect on the DNA synthesis activity, in addition to regenerative cell proliferation subsequent to cell toxicity.     

Suppressed histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells by ultraviolet B irradiation: decreased diacylglycerol formation as a possible mechanism

This study was designed to investigate the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on mast cell functions. Purified mast cells obtained from rat peritoneal cavity were irradiated with UVB and subsequently exposed to a degranulator, compound 48/80, or the calcium ionophore A-23187. The amount of histamine released from mast cells measured by the enzyme isotopic assay was significantly decreased by UVB irradiation (100-400 mJ/cm2). Within this dose range, UVB alone was not cytotoxic to the cells because it did not induce histamine release. The suppression was observed when mast cells were subjected to degranulation without intervals after UVB irradiation, and even after 5 h postirradiation. The wavelength of 300 nm from a monochromatic light source showed the maximum effect. When mast cells prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate were irradiated and challenged by compound 48/80, label accumulation in diacylglycerol produced by the phosphatidylinositol cycle was considerably decreased by UVB irradiation. From these results, we hypothesize that, within an adequate irradiation dose, UVB irradiation suppresses histamine release from mast cells, probably by causing noncytotoxic damage to the membrane phospholipid metabolism, which is tied to the degranulation mechanisms.     

Effect of ultraviolet (UV) A, UVB or ionizing radiation on the cell cycle of human melanoma cells

BACKGROUND: One important component of the cellular response to irradiation is the activation of cell cycle checkpoints. It is known that both ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ionizing radiation (IR) can activate checkpoints at transitions from G(1) to S phase, from G(2) phase to mitosis and during DNA replication. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of irradiation with different wavelengths on cell cycle alterations. METHODS: p53-deficient IPC-298 melanoma cells were irradiated with 10 J cm(-2) UVA, 40 mJ cm(-2) UVB, or with 7.5 Gy IR. Cell cycle effects were then determined by DNA/5-bromodeoxyuridine dual-parameter flow cytometry. RESULTS: IPC-298 cells irradiated in G(1) with UVA were not arrested at the G(1)/S transition, but at the G(2)/M transition. Despite p53 deficiency, the cells showed a G(1) arrest after UVB exposure. Furthermore, IR did not affect G(1) or S phase, but induced G(2) phase arrest. Hence, the effects of UVA, but not of UVB, on the cell cycle in p53-deficient melanoma cells are comparable with those of IR. CONCLUSIONS: UVA and IR induce radical-mediated strand breaks and DNA lesions, and UVB essentially induces thymine dimers that lead to excision repair-related strand breaks. Different cell cycle effects may be a consequence of different types of DNA damage. The results showed that UVB-irradiated p53-deficient cells are arrested in G(1). Irradiation with the solar radiation component UVB can therefore result in a beneficial retardation of tumour promotion in human skin carrying p53-mutated cell clones.     

Effects of UVB on fascin expression in dendritic cells and Langerhans cells

BACKGROUND: Fascin is an actin-binding protein that regulates the rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and their interactions with the cell membrane. Previous studies have indicated that fascin expression is enhanced in DC upon maturation and plays a critical role in T cell activation. Ultraviolet irradiation exerts immunosuppressive effects. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of UVB irradiation on the interaction of DC/LC with T cells through fascin. METHOD: Murine bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC) were induced by recombinant murine GM-CSF and LPS, and UVB irradiation was applied prior to supplementation with LPS. I-A(+) cells (Langerhans cells (LC)) in the epidermal cell suspensions were exposed to UVB irradiation at the beginning of the 24-h culture. BM-DC and LC were analysed by immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometric analyses. To evaluate the effects of UVB irradiation on DC-T cell binding, we examined the clustering of BM-DC with allogeneic CD4(+) T cells under a confocal microscope. RESULTS: Fascin expression in BM-DC and LC was decreased by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, UVB irradiation reduced the ability of BM-DC to cluster with allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. Polarization of fascin and filamentous actin (F-actin) at the point of contact of BM-DC with T cells was also disturbed by UVB irradiation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the suppression of fascin expression by UVB irradiation down-regulates the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and, thereby, antigen presentation in DC/LC.     

The effects of the melatonin on ultraviolet-B irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts

It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen-derived free radicals are generated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and various chemicals and their important roles in cellular damage and apoptosis are being increasingly recognized. Melatonin is a hormone with multiple functions in humans, produced by the pineal gland and stimulated by beta-adrenergic receptors. Melatonin has been shown to have photo protection properties, but there has been little progress toward identifying the specific mechanisms of its action. To clarify the role of melatonin as a free radical scavenger, in response to ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation, we investigated the effects of UVB and melatonin on cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and alteration of cell cycle in cultured skin fibroblast. Cell survival curves after UVB irradiation showed dose dependent decrement pattern by trypan blue exclusion assay. Only 56% of dermal fibroblasts were survived at 140 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. The damage was associated with cell membrane lipid peroxidation, as shown by accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA). By pre-cultivation with melatonin (10(-9) M), a significant preventive effect was noted on the increase in the absolute number of surviving cells (up to 92.5% of cells were survived) and the levels of MDA were markedly decreased. These finding suggest significant correlation between an increase of lipid peroxide and cell viability. Morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death were easily distinguished by TUNEL stain. Quantitative analysis of DNA content of skin fibroblasts was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis performed after vital staining with propidium iodide. UVB suppresses the G1 progression induced pre-G1 arrest leading to apoptotic changes of dermal fibroblast and those are blocked by melatonin pre-treatment. The results show the photodynamic effects of UVB that supposes the production of ROS and arrest the cell cycle. Melatonin, which have newly accepted as a potential UV protection properties, is effective membrane peroxidation inhibitor and prevent the pre-G1 arrest when present in relevant concentration during UVB irradiation.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯减轻UVB诱导的朗格汉斯细胞凋亡作用

目的 研究中波紫外线(UVB)对人表皮朗格汉斯细胞(LC)的光损伤作用以及绿茶活性成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的光保护作用。方法 采用密度梯度离心和免疫磁珠的方法分离纯化人表皮LC,将分离纯化的LC随机分为对照组、30 mJ/cm² UVB辐射组以及辐射后加用200μg/mL EGCG处理组,4h后以PI染色并经流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果 30 mJ/cm² UVB辐射组的凋亡率明显高于对照组,EGCG干预组的凋亡率低于单纯UVB辐射组,但仍高于非照射对照组;且辐射后S期细胞数明显增加。几乎没有G₂/M期的细胞,EGCG处理辐射细胞后,S期细胞数减少。结论 UVB可诱导人表皮LC凋亡,而EGCG具有一定的保护作用。     

Topical tacrolimus has a limited direct effect on ultraviolet B‐irradiated keratinocytes: implications for its photocarcinogenic potential

Background. Topical tacrolimus has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in treating many dermatoses. Combining ultraviolet (UV) B and tacrolimus is an intriguing therapeutic regimen, especially for treatment of vitiligo, for which combination therapy may show greater clinical efficacy than topical tacrolimus alone. The photocarcinogenic potential of such a regimen is unclear, and conflicting results have been reported by different investigators. Aim. To clarify this important clinical issue, we investigated the effects of tacrolimus on UVB‐irradiated cultured keratinocytes in terms of apoptosis, differentiation, cell‐cycle regulation and DNA damage. Methods. Cultured keratinocytes were treated with tacrolimus before and after UVB irradiation and the various cellular physiological changes were evaluated using trypan blue exclusion, terminal dUTP nick‐end labelling, flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses. Results. Our results showed that treatment of tacrolimus before or after UVB irradiation had no significant effects on cultured keratinocytes in terms of cell apoptosis, transglutaminase‐1, involucrin expression, cell‐cycle progression and phospho‐H₂AX compared with UVB irradiation alone. Conclusion. The direct effect of tacrolimus on UVB‐irradiated keratinocytes is small, suggesting that clinical regimens combining UVB and tacrolimus also have a limited direct effect on healthy skin compared with UVB irradiation alone.