亚低温在蛛网膜下腔出血急性期的脑保护作用

亚低温对脑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血急性期脑损伤保护作用的研究报道较少。在动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血急性期,有多种脑损伤机制参与脑损伤的发生。亚低温在脑梗死早期能对抗多种脑损害因素,应用于动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血急性期,有可能发挥脑保护作用。     

非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床分析

目的 提高对非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血临床和影像特征、预后的认识水平,指导临床诊治.方法 首次3维脑血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者2～3周后复查造影,两次均阴性定义为非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血.分2个亚组:中脑周围和非中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血.结果 49例造影阴性.中脑周围者24例预后良好(格拉斯哥昏迷评分...     

脑池积血对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人术后急性脑积水的影响

目的探讨脑池积血对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人术后急性脑积水的影响。方法将邯郸市第一医院2014年4月—2016年6月收治的90例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人作为研究对象,术后根据病人有无出现急性脑积水分成研究组(急性脑积水)和对照组(非急性脑积水),针对诊断脑积水病人实施脑室引流术,比较两组急性脑积水发生率、病人脑池不同部位积血量。结果本研究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血90例病人,32例病人出现急性脑积水,发生率为35.5%,两组病人治疗方案、再出血情况、侧别、脑室积血、动脉瘤所处位置比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针对5个变量进行多因素回归分析,消除各个因素互相影响,动脉瘤所处位置与脑室积血为独立危险因素。研究组急性脑积水病人各个脑池脚间池血量最高,其次是右侧外侧裂池底部,与对照组病人比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组右侧脑池、中部脑池积血量较对照组显著偏高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论引发动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血因素众多,动脉瘤所处位置、脑室积血可为独立危险因素,由于动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血属于梗阻性脑积水,因此脑池部位与脑池积血分布对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血发生发展有重要影响,而在未发生脑池积血动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人脚间池、右侧外侧裂池底部积血量的增加会提高病人术后发生急性脑积水发生风险。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血合并Terson综合征二例并文献复习

Terson综合征是动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的严重并发症,包括视网膜前、视网膜内和(或)玻璃体的眼内出血,可导致视力模糊甚至失明.作者报道了2例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血合并Terson综合征患者,经过积极的康复及手术治疗,预后良好,结合文献进行分析.对于主诉视力或视野受损的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,需完善眼科和头部CT等...     

血管栓塞介入治疗脑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效观察

目的探讨血管栓塞介入治疗脑动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血的临床效果。方法选取我院2008年6月—2012年1月收治的31例脑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,均行介入治疗,方法为将微导管经股动脉插入,使微导管直接进入脑动脉瘤内,行瘤体栓塞。结果 31例脑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者栓塞成功28例,成功率为90.3%,术后随访未见出血、复发。结论血管栓塞介入是治疗脑动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的有效方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的研究进展

近年来,随着神经影像学的发展和相关研究的进展,人们对中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血有了更深入的了解.文章对中脑周围非动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因、发病特点、影像学特点、诊断及预后等方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

中脑周围非动脉瘤性出血--蛛网膜下腔出血的一个特殊类型

中脑周围非动脉瘤性出血是蛛网膜下腔出血的一个特殊亚型,其症状轻、并发症少且预后良好.因此,在临床上有必要将其与普通蛛网膜下腔出血区别对待.文章综述了这一特殊类型蛛网膜下腔出血的临床特点、诊断、治疗和预后等方面的研究进展.     

重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血管理专家共识(2015)

<正>1概述颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,a SAH)是严重损伤中枢神经系统并对全身多个器官产生病理影响的急性脑血管疾病[1]。由于动脉瘤破裂出血,尤其是重症动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,Sa SAH),对脑组织造成的原发性损伤,加之动脉瘤早期再破裂出血、急性脑积水、脑血管痉挛     

老年颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡的危险因素

目的探讨老年颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡的危险因素。方法选择该院治疗的老年颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者186例,对患者临床病历资料进行回顾性研究,分析患者死亡的危险因素。结果本研究发现老年颅内动脉瘤破裂导致的蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡的危险因素主要有:大量饮酒、围术期血糖升高、蛛网膜下腔出血分级、动脉瘤多发以及脑血管痉挛,组间资料比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论影响老年颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡的危险因素较多,主要和大量饮酒、围术期血糖升高、蛛网膜下腔出血分级、动脉瘤多发以及脑血管痉挛有关,临床上应注意针对性的预防。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后血管造影性血管痉挛与脑梗死强烈相关

完全由大动脉血管痉挛引起的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后迟发脑梗死的长期概念最近受到了挑战。美国弗吉尼亚大学医学院神经外科的Crowley等使用克拉生坦（clazosentan）克服蛛网膜下腔出血后神经缺血和梗死发生 （ Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage,CONSCIOUS-1 ）试验的数据来确定蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管造影性血管痉挛与脑梗死的关系。     

颅内动脉瘤遗传学研究进展

颅内动脉瘤是颅内动脉管壁的异常膨出,其破裂可导致蛛网膜下腔出血,约50%的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者死亡或转归不良。目前认为,颅内动脉瘤是一种与遗传和环境因素相关的复杂疾病。尽管颅内动脉瘤的病因尚不完全清楚,但诸多证据表明遗传因素在其发生、发展和破裂过程中起着重要作用。文章对近年来颅内动脉瘤的基因连锁研究、全基因组关联研究以及基因表达研究的进展进行了综述。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水是脑动脉瘤破裂的常见并发症之一 ,可严重影响患者的预后。文章对其流行病学、发病机制、诊断和治疗作了综述。     

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Opinion statement Patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage from aneurysmal rupture benefit from early repair of the aneurysm. Recent advances in endovascular technology now allow informed discussion of the merits of surgical versus endovascular repair of the aneurysm. Patients need close observation in an intensive-care unit following sub-arachnoid hemorrhage to diagnose and treat the multiple complications that result. These complications include hydrocephalus, fever, neurogenic pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction, and the development of delayed cerebral ischemia from vasospasm. There exist effective medical and endovascular treatments for cerebral vasospasm.     

Intensivmedizinische Therapie der aneurysmatischen Subarachnoidalblutung

Resuscitation and intensive care of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage requires understanding of not only the pathophysiology of the disease and its various secondary complications, but also requires familiarity with advanced multimodal monitoring techniques. This review concentrates on the prevention and management of these multiple complications following aneurysm rupture. Recently, efforts have been achieved in early aneurysm repair by either a neurosurgical or an endovascular approach. Today, the timely diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus, brain edema, delayed ischemic neurological deficits, and cardiopulmonary complications constitute the most important goals in the neurocritical care of these patients. Management protocols that focus on minimizing ongoing cerebral damage and prevention of secondary brain injury offer the best chance for further improvements in subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes.     

Management of intracranial aneurysms

Intracranial aneurysms are lesions commonly encountered by neurosurgeons, usually as a result of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The preferred treatment of these aneurysms is either surgical clipping or endovascular coiling, both of which eliminate the aneurysm from the normal circulation to prevent aneurysmal enlargement or additional hemorrhage. Despite advances over the last several decades in the understanding of intracranial aneurysms, morbidity from treatment of these lesions remains significant. This review will discuss the epidemiology, anatomy and pathophysiology, clinical and radiographic diagnosis, various treatment options, and potential complications from aneurysm treatment.     

持续腰大池引流对蛛网膜下腔出血脑血管痉挛的防治研究

目的探讨持续腰大池引流防治动脉瘤破裂后蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）所致脑血管痉挛的效果。方法将82例动脉瘤患者随机分为观察组（40例）和对照组（42例）,两组均急诊行动脉瘤夹闭术,观察组术后行腰大池持续引流;对照组术后腰椎穿刺引流。通过经颅脑多普勒（TCD）监测观察两组症状性脑血管痉挛发生情况。结果观察组术后症状性血管痉挛发生率显著低于对照组。结论动脉瘤术后腰大池持续引流可显著改善患者血管痉挛。     

A stump of occluded posterior cerebral artery mimicking a ruptured aneurysm: Case report

We report on a 63-year-old female with subarachnoid hemorrhage who had a stump of occluded posterior cerebral artery (PCA) mimicking a ruptured aneurysm of the basilar bifurcation. Intraoperatively, the aneurysmal opacification on preoperative angiograms proved to be the residual lumen of the occluded right P1 segment. Because of the nodular appearance and upward direction of the stump of the right P1 segment, it was misinterpreted as an aneurysm. During operation, a tiny ruptured aneurysm missed on preoperative angiograms was found in the left A1-A2 junction and was clipped safely.     

Cardiac arrhythmia as initial presentation of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death are most frequently caused by preexisting heart disease. Rarely, cardiac arrhythmia is a first symptom of an acute neurological event. We describe a patient with asystole and other cardiac arrhythmias, as initial symptoms of acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several aspects of cardiac arrhythmias and acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are discussed.     

早期腰大池持续引流对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后并发症的疗效观察

目的探讨早期采用颅内压监测下腰大池持续引流对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后脑血管痉挛、脑积水等严重并发症的治疗效果。方法本组患者114例,随机分为两组,治疗组69例,早期(发病48 h以内)行颅内压监测下腰大池持续引流。对照组45例,于发病3天以上行颅内压监测下腰大池持续引流,通过比较两组脑血管痉挛及脑积水的发生率评定疗效。结果脑血管痉挛发生率及慢性脑积水发生率治疗组分别为27.5%和10.1%,均明显低于对照组的68.8%和26.6%,两组急性脑积水分别为7.2%和11.1%,无明显差异。结论早期颅内压监测下腰大池持续引流能够有效地减少动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后脑血管痉挛、慢性脑积水等严重并发症的发生率。