原发性失眠的磁共振氢质子波谱研究进展

原发性失眠(primary insomnia,PI)是最常见的一种睡眠障碍.尽管我们对失眠的性质、病因和病理生理学的研究已在一定程度上取得进展,但目前仍然没有一种被普遍接受的病理生理学模型.现如今,最为广泛接受的假说认为PI是一种过度觉醒状态的表现.磁共振氢质子波谱(proton magnetic resonance ...     

帕金森患者丘脑区磁共振波谱研究价值

目的利用多体素磁共振波谱技术(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)研究帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者丘脑区代谢物质的变化,探讨PD患者丘脑区MRS比值与临床Hoehn&Yahr分级评分量表(H-Y分级)和帕金森病统一评分量表(unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale,UPDRS)之间的相关性。材料与方法对30例确诊的PD患者和24名年龄、性别等相匹配的志愿者为研究对象,将其分为PD组和对照组,并对PD组30例患者进行H-Y分级和UPDRS评分。使用Philips Achieva TX 3.0 T MR成像系统多体素1H-MRS技术对研究对象的双侧丘脑区进行检测,获取相应代谢物比值及谱线信息。探讨PD组丘脑区MRS比值与临床H-Y分级的关系,并比较其与UPDRS量表之间的相关性。结果 (1)对照组左、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PD组症状严重侧与对侧丘脑NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值表现出统计学差异(P<0.05)。(2)PD组症状重侧丘脑区NAA/Cr值与NAA/Cho值,以及对侧的NAA/Cr值较对照组明显减低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)对照组、早、中、晚期帕金森患者的症状重侧NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho及对侧NAA/Cr比值整体比较有统计学差异,进一步进行多重比较,发现PD患者症状重侧NAA/Cr值在病情进展中存在统计学差异。Spearman相关性分析显示PD患者症状重侧丘脑区NAA/Cr值与H-Y分级存在极强的负相关性,症状重侧丘脑区NAA/Cho值、对侧丘脑区的NAA/Cr值及Cho/Cr值与H-Y分级存在中等强度负相关性。(4) Pearson相关分析显示,PD患者的症状重侧丘脑区NAA/Cr值与UPDRS评分存在极强的负相关性,NAA/Cho值与UPDRS评分存在中等强度的负相关性。对侧的NAA/Cr值与Cho/Cr值与UPDRS评分存在中等强度的负相关性。结论 1H-MRS能够无创性检测出丘脑区神经功能的减低,并与帕金森病症状体征的不对称性进展具有密切关系,能够为帕金森病的诊断提供一定的依据。MRS相关代谢物比值与H-Y分级和UPDRS评分之间存在一定的相关性,在反映病情程度及分期上具有一定辅助作用。     

2型糖尿病患者海马氢质子磁共振波谱分析研究

目的总结2型糖尿病患者海马氢质子磁共振波谱（proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1 H-MRS）的特点。方法 29例2型糖尿病患者为观察组,25例体检健康者为对照组,入组24h内采用多体素1 H-MRS检测2组双侧海马N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（N-acetylaspartate,NAA）、胆碱复合物（choline,Cho）与肌酸复合物（creatine-phosphocreatine,Cr）,计算NAA/Cr比值和Cho/Cr比值并进行比较。结果观察组左侧海马NAA/Cr比值（1.44±0.38）低于对照组（1.73±0.37）（P〈0.05）,右侧海马NAA/Cr比值（1.59±0.40）与对照组（1.68±0.61）比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;观察组左、右侧海马Cho/Cr比值（1.74±0.40和1.67±0.42）均高于对照组（1.39±0.47和1.36±0.49）（P〈0.05）;2组左侧海马NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值与右侧比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病患者存在海马神经元代谢的异常。     

大脑皮质发育障碍患者磁共振波谱分析

目的 应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)探讨不同类型皮质发育障碍患者的脑代谢异常改变.方法 收集诊断明确的大脑皮质发育障碍伴有癫痫发作患者20例,对照组25名健康受试者.所有受试者均进行多体素二维1H-MRS扫描.测量不同类型皮质发育障碍患者病灶区、病灶毗邻区、远离病灶区皮质NAA/Cr值,并与对照组相应区域皮质NAA/Cr值进行比较.结果 局灶性皮质发育不良患者病灶区、病灶毗邻区较对照组NAA/Cr值显著降低(P<0.01);灰质异位病灶区和病灶毗邻区与对照组NAA/Cr值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脑裂畸形病灶区较对照组NAA/Cr值降低(P<0.05),病灶毗邻区与对照组NAA/Cr值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三种类型皮质发育障碍远离病灶区与对照组NAA/Cr值之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 应用多体素二维1H-MRS能够区分不同类型皮质发育障碍脑代谢特点,从分子代谢水平为大脑DCDs的诊断提供了一种新的途径.     

多发性硬化的磁共振波谱研究

目的研究多发性硬化(MS)患者脑内病灶、表现正常脑白质(NAWM)及正常志愿者脑白质的代谢差异,并探讨代谢物浓度比值与临床残疾程度的相关性。方法对32例MS患者和25例正常志愿者进行MRI和质子磁共振波谱(1H MRS)检查,测量各感兴趣区的代谢产物氮-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)及胆碱(Cho)的浓度比率,并分析NAA/Cr及NAA/Cho与扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)的相关性。结果MS患者的病灶内NAA/Cr及NAA/Cho显著低于NAWM(P<0.001),NAWM的NAA/Cr及NAA/Cho亦显著低于正常对照组(P<0.001)。MS患者病灶和NAWM的NAA/Cr及NAA/Cho与EDSS均无显著相关性。结论1H MRS能检测出MS患者脑部病灶及NAWM的代谢异常,为常规MRI提供补充信息。     

阿尔茨海默病额叶的磁共振质子波谱研究

目的用磁共振质子波谱(MRS)的方法研究阿尔茨海默病(AD)额叶代谢的改变.方法在2.0T的场强条件下,对15例阿尔茨海默病和15名正常老年人的额叶进行磁共振质子波谱(采用STEAM序列)采集.分别测量质子波谱中所观察到的代谢产物的峰高,以肌酸和磷酸肌酸的峰高为参照计算峰高的比值,进行相对定量分析.并对代谢产物的变化与临床简易精神测量评分(MMSE)之间和与海马结构体积测量值之间进行相关性分析.结果阿尔茨海默病前额叶的NAA/Cr比值较正常对照组降低(P＜0.01),mI/Cr的比值较正常对照组升高(P＜0.01),Cho/Cr无变化.AD病人额叶NAA/Cr的降低与MMSE评分和海马体积呈正相关,mI/Cr的升高与MMSE评分和海马体积改变呈负相关.结论磁共振质子波谱能无创性检查阿尔茨海默病脑部的代谢变化,揭示其部分病理生理改变,1H-MRS所显示的阿尔茨海默病的NAA降低和mI升高,能提高中早期阿尔茨海默病的诊断正确率.     

磁共振增强成像与氢质子波谱对脑胶质瘤术后62例分析

脑胶质瘤术后及时确定由于手术造成的反应性损伤、肿瘤残留及复发对于提高术后诊断水平有指导意义。本文就MRI及1H-MRS对脑胶质瘤术后的影像学特点进行分析。1临床资料1.1一般资料分析自2005-06~2007-08我院经手术病理证实的62例脑胶质瘤患者,其中男32例,女30例,年龄15~76岁。临床头痛,肢体无力、感觉减低等,其中35例脑胶质瘤术后复发,经再次手术或随访证实。1.2方法采用德国西门子1.5T超导磁共振机,仰卧位,头颅正交线圈。被检者均行常规MR平扫及增强扫描。波谱感兴趣区尽可能在包含病灶的同时包含正常脑组织以利对照,波谱仪自带软件计…     

磁共振弥散加权成像及波谱成像评价原发性骨肉瘤恶性程度

目的 探讨DWI和¹H-MRS对不同恶性程度原发性骨肉瘤的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析41例经病理证实的骨肉瘤患者的DWI和¹H-MRS检查资料。DWI检查中b值分别为0、400、800、1 000、1 500 s/mm²,经后处理获得相应的ADC图,并计算ADC值。对18例MRS谱线稳定的骨肉瘤患者进行分析并获得MRS谱线、胆碱复合物（Cho）、肌酸（Cr）及Cho/Cr值。不同b值下高度和低度恶性骨肉瘤的ADC值比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,Cho/Cr值的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。结果 当b值分别为400、800、1000 s/mm²时,高度与低度恶性骨肉瘤的ADC值差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.26、4.37、4.87,P=0.01、0.04、0.03）;而b值为1 500 s/mm²时,高度与低度恶性骨肉瘤ADC值差异无统计学意义（χ²=2.39,P=0.12）。b值为400 s/mm²时,以ADC值诊断高度恶性骨肉瘤的特异度和敏感度为73.30%和72.70%。高、低度恶性骨肉瘤的Cho/Cr值差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.45,P<0.05）。以Cho/Cr诊断高度恶性骨肉瘤的最佳界值为2.21,特异度为75.00%,敏感度为92.90%。结论 ADC值（b值取400 s/mm²）及Cho/Cr值均对诊断原发性骨肉瘤的恶性程度有一定价值。     

偏头痛氢质子磁共振波谱研究进展

偏头痛是临床上最常见的原发性头痛之一,然而其具体发病机制尚未明确,不同类型的偏头痛及偏头痛在不同的时期可能存在病理生理机制的不同,研究这种机制对研制新的偏头痛药物及临床对不同类型偏头痛的治疗具有重要的意义。磁共振波谱是一种能无创性检测活体组织内代谢物浓度的技术,可以通过研究偏头痛大脑代谢物浓度的改变探究其可能存在的机制。本文拟对氢质子磁共振波谱在偏头痛中的研究进展进行综述。     

磁共振氢质子波谱在脑肿瘤诊断中的临床应用

磁共振波谱 (MRS)自应用于临床以来 ,因其可以在体无创地分析病变内代谢物的浓度 ,从分子水平对病变进行评估 ,开拓并丰富了脑肿瘤诊断的思维 ,弥补了常规MRI的不足。本文着重阐述氢质子波谱的成像原理、技术及其在脑肿瘤诊断的临床应用。1　1H MRS的基本原理及成像技术磁共振波谱 (magneticresonancespetroscopy,MRS)是一种利用核磁共振现象和化学位移作用对化合物进行分析的方法。从 5 0年代以来 ,MRS一直作为一种重要的化学分析工具应用于实验室研究 ,80年代后期进入到临床医疗研究 ,目前已成为一种无创地提供活体代谢物信息的方…     

磁共振质子波谱无创性分析活体情况下阿尔茨海默 病人脑组织生化代谢改变

目的用磁共振质子波谱(MRS)的方法研究Alzheimer病(Alzheimerdisease,AD)内侧颞叶代谢的改变,试图为临床诊提供客观依据。方法对15例AD病人和15例正常老年人的内侧颞叶进行磁共振质子波谱(MRS)(采用STEAM序列)采集。并对代谢产物的变化与临床简易精神测量评分(MMSE)之间和与海马结构体积测量值之间进行相关性分析。结果AD病人NAA/Cr的降低与MMSE评分和海马体积呈正相关,mI/Cr的升高与MMSE评分和海马体积改变呈负相关。结论MRS能无创性检查AD脑部的代谢变化,1H-MRS所显示的AD的NAA降低和mI升高能提高中早期AD的诊断正确率。     

磁共振波谱成像在前列腺癌中的应用

前列腺癌在男性已成为第二个最常见的被诊断的癌症。前列腺癌的早期检测对该病的治疗尤为重要。有许多方法来检测前列腺癌。MR波谱成像(MRS)可较好地早期检测前列腺癌。作者将讨论MRS的原理,前列腺癌的不同诊断前方法,以及目前已应用于临床的不同的机器和设备。     

老年痴呆患者海马代谢的磁共振波谱分析

目的探讨利用氢质子磁共振波谱技术研究老年痴呆患者海马代谢变化的临床意义。方法入组者均符合老年痴呆的诊断标准,并排除其他因素引起的痴呆及混合性痴呆,同时选择年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者作为正常对照组分别进行常规MRI和磁共振波谱检查,获得双侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸、胆碱化合物/肌酸和肌醇/肌酸比值,进行统计学分析。结果正常对照组双侧海马区N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸、胆碱化合物/肌酸和肌醇/肌酸比值差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。老年痴呆组患者左侧海马区肌醇/肌酸比值高于右侧（P〈0.01）,且均高于正常对照组（P左〈0.01,P右〈0.05）,左侧N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸比值低于右侧（P〈0.05）,且均低于正常对照组（P左〈0.01,P右〈0.01）。但胆碱复合物/肌酸比值差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。结论氢质子磁共振波谱成像可显示老年痴呆患者海马的代谢改变,有助于老年痴呆发生风险的预测。     

Muscle metabolism in patients with polymyositis simultaneously evaluated by using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy

Simultaneous measurements of muscle energy metabolism using (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) and the kinetics of muscular oxygen metabolism using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were conducted in polymyositis (PM) patients. The subjects were 12 PM patients (age 45 +/- 12 years) and 12 normal controls (age 41 +/- 12 years). The muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) index and intracellular pH (pHi) were determined with (31)P-MRS and the changes in intramuscular oxygenated (oxy-Hb), deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb), and total haemoglobin (total Hb) were evaluated with NIRS . The pHi and PCr index before steroid therapy in PM patients were significantly lower during exercise than in normal controls, and their recovery was statistically significantly delayed compared with the controls. The pattern of changes in NIRS over time before steroid therapy in PM patients differed from that in normal controls. There were smaller changes in deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb during exercise, and total Hb decreased during exercise. In contrast, the kinetics of muscular metabolism after steroid therapy showed changes similar to those seen in normal controls. Simultaneous (31)P-MRS and NIRS measurements to determine the kinetics of muscular metabolism are expected to be useful as a noninvasive approach for the evaluation of treatment effects in PM patients.     

Muscle metabolism in patients with peripheral vascular disease investigated by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Eleven men with claudication and ten control subjects had calf muscle metabolism studied at rest and during exercise and the subsequent recovery period by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. The muscle of patients with severe claudication had a significantly greater depletion of phosphocreatine and fall in pH during exercise and a slower recovery of phosphocreatine and pH after exercise. The muscle of patients with both mild and severe disease had slower rates of ADP recovery after exercise than that of control subjects. Surgical correction of the associated arterial stenosis abolished claudication and led to correction of the metabolic abnormalities in two patients. Claudication pain was not related to intracellular pH or concentration of phosphorus-containing metabolites. Energy production via oxidative metabolism is impaired but glycolysis may be increased in the calf muscle of patients with intermittent claudication.     

Study of the metabolism of flucytosine in Aspergillus species by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The metabolism of flucytosine (5FC) in two Aspergillus species (Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger) was investigated by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In intact mycelia, 5FC was found to be deaminated to 5-fluorouracil and then transformed into fluoronucleotides; the catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine was also detected in A. fumigatus. Neither 5-fluoroorotic acid nor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate was detected in perchloric acid extracts after any incubation with 5FC. 5FC, 5-fluorouracil, and the classical fluoronucleotides 5-fluorouridine-5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates were identified in the acid-soluble pool. Two hydrolysis products of 5-fluorouracil incorporated into RNA, 5-fluorouridine-2'-monophosphate and 5-fluorouridine-3'-monophosphate, were found in the acid-insoluble pool. No significant differences in the metabolic transformation of 5FC were noted in the two species of Aspergillus. The main pathway of 5FC metabolism in the two species of Aspergillus studied is thus the biotransformation into ribofluoronucleotides and the subsequent incorporation of 5-fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate into RNA.     

Diagnosing inborn errors of lipid metabolism with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

BACKGROUND: Many severe diseases are caused by defects in lipid metabolism. As a result, patients often accumulate unusual lipids in their blood and tissues, and proper identification of these lipids is essential for correct diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the potential use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify (un)usual lipids present in the blood of patients with different inborn errors of lipid metabolism. METHODS: We extracted blood plasma or serum lipids in chloroform-methanol (2:1 by volume). After addition of the nonvolatile chemical shift and concentration reference compound octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, we performed 1H-NMR measurements on a 500-MHz spectrometer. Assignments were based on the literature, computer simulations, and reference spectra of relevant authentic standards. RESULTS: Spectra of normal plasma samples allowed the identification of 9 lipid species. We found good correlation between conventional methods and 1H-NMR for cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. We also investigated 4 inborn errors of lipid metabolism (3 in sterol metabolism and 1 in fatty acid metabolism). NMR analysis led to a correct diagnosis for all 4 diseases, whereas the concentration of the diagnostic metabolite could be determined for 3. CONCLUSIONS: 1H-NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma or serum lipid extracts can be used to accurately identify and quantify lipids. The method can also identify unusual lipids in the blood of patients with inborn errors of lipid metabolism. This technique may therefore be applicable in clinical diagnosis and follow-up.