贫血对急性B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术预后影响

目的探讨贫血对急性B型主动脉夹层(ATBAD)患者行腔内修复术(TEVAR)预后的影响。方法回顾性分析自2002年6月至2022年2月于北部战区总医院行TEVAR的1341例胸主动脉扩张性疾病患者的临床资料,最终纳入785例患者为研究对象。根据术前血红蛋白水平将患者分为贫血组(n=86)与非贫血组(n=699)。比较两组患者近期与远期临床不良事件发生情况。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。将基线数据中存在差异的指标纳入COX多因素风险比例回归模型,对远期随访事件进行校正。结果贫血组近期全因死亡发生率、主动脉源性死亡发生率、新发急性肾功能衰竭发生率高于非贫血组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。贫血组远期全因死亡发生率、新发卒中发生率、总体临床不良事件发生率、再次TEVAR发生率均高于非贫血组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经过COX多因素风险比例回归模型校正后,贫血组全因死亡发生率、新发卒中发生率、总临床不良事件发生率、再次TEVAR发生率高于非贫血组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论ATBAD贫血患者行TEVAR后近期、远期临床不良事件发生率增加,预后较差,在诊疗过程中需要关注患者肾功能及脑卒中。     

血管腔内治疗B型胸主动脉夹层伴A型壁内血肿3例北大核心CSCD

目的探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Standford B型夹层伴A型壁内血肿(MH)的安全性及有效性。方法 2015年10月至2017年1月共收治3例B型夹层伴A型MH患者,入院后稳定血压、心率,对症保守治疗14 d后行TEVAR术。结果 3例患者均顺利完成TEVAR术,无逆撕等并发症。术后1个月全主动脉CTA复查显示夹层破口完全封闭,无内漏发生,真腔血流明显改善,壁内血肿明显吸收消退,升主动脉管壁厚度恢复至正常水平;患者临床症状明显好转,无截瘫、死亡等严重并发症发生。结论对伴发升主动脉MH的Standford B型胸主动脉夹层,如果升主动脉内膜完整,降压、降心率处理后症状缓解,在发病14 d后行TEVAR术是安全有效的。     

腔内修复术治疗非复杂性急性B型主动脉夹层及随访结果

目的评价覆膜支架胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗非复杂性急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层(ATBAD)的近中期效果,并与复杂性ATBAD作比较。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2012年6月收治的122例ATBAD患者临床资料。根据临床特征,分为非复杂性ATBAD组(A组,n=73)和复杂性ATBAD组(B组,n=49)。TEVAR术后随访5年,对比两组围手术期并发症、30 d死亡率、5年主动脉相关事件、免于主动脉相关事件发生率和中期生存率。结果 A组与B组相比,围手术期并发症发生率(8.2%对42.9%,P<0.01)、30 d死亡率(0%对12.2%,P=0.008)均显著降低;5年中期随访显示,主动脉相关事件发生率(5.5%对7.0%,P=1.000)、中期死亡率(2.7%对7.0%,P=0.352)均相似,免于主动脉相关事件发生率(P=0.661)、中期生存率(P=0.245)差异均无统计学意义。结论 TEAVR治疗非复杂ATBAD可行、有效。与复杂ATBAD相比,非复杂ATBAD经TEVAR治疗获得了更好的近期效果,中期效果相似。     

急性B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后远端裂口选择性处理的疗效分析

目的 探讨急性B型主动脉夹层(ATBAD)胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)后选择性处理胸主动脉远端裂口的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性搜集TEVAR术后存在胸主动脉远端裂口的ATBAD患者资料，根据是否处理胸主动脉段远端裂口将其分为处理组和对照组，统计两组患者的基线资料、主动脉重塑数据和主动脉相关不良事件发生情况，总结分析选择性处理胸主动脉远端裂口的疗效。结果 共纳入74例ATBAD患者，处理组38例，均封堵胸主动脉段远端裂口；对照组36例，未干预远端裂口。随访12个月后，两组患者在主动脉相关不良事件及再干预率未见明显差异(P>0.05),左锁骨下动脉和膈肌水平主动脉直径对比中，处理组重塑效果更佳(32.1 mm vs 33.1 mm, 30.0 mm vs 31.7 mm,P<0.05),左肾动脉下缘水平未见明显差异(31.6 mm vs 30.9 mm,P>0.05),处理组的胸主动脉段假腔完全血栓化率高于对照组(86.9%vs 58.3%,P<0.05),腹主动脉段未见明显差异(15.8%vs 11.1%,P>0.05)。处理组随访期间出现支架源性裂口...     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后血管重塑分析

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者经胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗后血管形态学转归.方法 回顾性分析51例接受TEVAR术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者术前及术后临床及影像学资料,分析术后1个月内、1～6个月、6个月后主动脉各段真假腔内径及假腔血栓化情况.结果 TEVAR术后胸主动脉真腔扩大、假腔缩小,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),腹主动脉管径真腔和假腔变化较术前无统计学差异(P＞0.05),腹部重要分支动脉血供情况较术前有所改善.结论 TEVAR术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的近中期效果确切,但仍需要远期随访观察.     

胸主动脉腔内修复术治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层前后的生化指标变化

目的研究急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）前后相关实验指标变化情况,评估腔内治疗的近期效果。 方法筛选2012年11月—2013年11月我科收治并行TEVAR的急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层60例,分别检测其术前及术后生化指标白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、胱抑素C的变化情况。 结果60例患者TEVRA前后白细胞总数及中性粒细胞总数平均值均高于正常范围,术前及术后对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。TEVAR前谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶平均值均高于正常范围,其中谷丙转氨酶升高占30%,谷草转氨酶升高占21.7%,TEVAR后谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶明显低于术前（P <0.05）,其平均值下降至正常范围。TEVAR前尿素氮、肌酐及胱抑素C平均值均高于正常,其中尿素氮升高占31.7%,肌酐升高占30%,胱抑素C升高占35%,TEVAR后尿素氮及肌酐明显下降（P <0.05）,胱抑素C比术前降低不明显（P>0.05）。 结论TEVAR可以明显改善急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的肝肾功能,对急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层近期效果良好,但远期效果还需大样本长期随访。     

不同期Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术后疗效及主动脉重塑临床研究

目的 探讨不同疾病时期胸主动脉夹层(TAD)腔内修复术(TEVAR)后临床结局及主动脉重塑形态学特点.方法 收集整理2005年2月至2015年2月收治的TEVAR术治疗Stanford B型TAD患者232例临床资料,对比分析术前临床和影像检查、术后随访结果.结果 术前临床指标中真腔塌陷、瘤样扩张在亚急性组(n=62)分别为35.48％、12.90％,慢性组(n=170)分别为76.47％、64.12％,差异有显著统计学意义(P=0.000 1);胸主动脉假腔通畅在亚急性组为79.03％,慢性组为91.18％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).232例TEVAR术均获成功.末次随访CTA检查结果显示,支架段胸主动脉假腔血栓完全吸收患者比例在亚急性组为90.00％,慢性组为48.52％,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.000 1);假腔部分血栓形成患者比例在亚急性组为10.00％,慢性组为51.48％,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.000 1);亚急性组手术前后夹层真假腔变化较慢性组明显,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.0001).结论 亚急性期TAD稳定,TEVAR术后疗效良好,主动脉壁形态学重塑优于慢性期患者.     

Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后主动脉重塑效果

目的 系统性回顾Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)后主动脉重塑结果.方法 检索已发表的评估TEVAR术后主动脉重塑文献,系统性回顾Standford B型主动脉夹层形态学测量方法及结果.共纳入19篇文献,其中仅3篇文献采用三维重建软件进行测量.各文献测量变量多为夹层真腔、假腔直径或面积,仅有少数文献计算了真假腔体积.结果 各文献测量的主动脉平面、术后随访时间及测量方法不同,无法进行数据整合.但总体趋势为急性B型夹层患者术后主动脉重塑效果(胸主动脉假腔血栓化比率为80％～90％)优于慢性患者(38％～91.3％),且更具有一致性;降主动脉术后假腔完全血栓化比率高于腹主动脉,降主动脉近端的主动脉重塑效果良好,膈肌角平面以下重塑效果较差.结论 尽管TEVAR术后主动脉重塑的描述方式各异,但多数文献显示夹层累及主动脉范围广者术后重塑效果差,与夹层远端裂口旷置有关.覆膜支架长度、治疗时间等因素对术后重塑均有影响.统一的评估标准有利于评估主动脉重塑效果,并为临床决策提供更有力的科学支持.     

StanfordB型主动脉夹层腔内治疗临床分析

目的分析StanfordB型主动脉夹层腔内修复的治疗经验。方法总结2012年7月～2013年2月经腔内治疗7例StanfordB型主动脉夹层患者资料,所有患者均在计算机体层血管造影（Computedtomographyangiography,CTA）条件下确定诊断,在数字减影血管造影（Digitalsubtractionangiography,DSA）和全身麻醉条件下行腔内隔绝术。按照术后1个月、6个月、12个月的随访计划,观察瘤体形态学改变、治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果腔内技术成功率100％（7,7）,临床成功率100％（7,7）,术后住院期间无死亡患者,无左锁骨下动脉完全封闭,部分封闭2例,左锁骨下动脉烟囱支架2例,夹层累及腹腔干1例,肠系膜上动脉1例,累及一侧肾动脉2例,腹主动脉段存在远端破口2例,髂总动脉及髂外动脉存在远端破口1例。所有患者术后均未出现脑供血不足的临床表现,无截瘫情况发生,经过1个月、6个月及12个月的随访均正常存活,无新破口出现。结论StanfordB型主动脉夹层腔内治疗是一种有效方法,在血压控制平稳条件下,应尽快完成腔内修复治疗,对于夹层累及多个脏器动脉情况,应观察脏器血液灌注流速及流量,如有脏器严重缺血情况出现,应及时放置支架缓解血供,对于多个远端破口病例,应根据具体情况,在避免并发症的基础上尽早完成破口的封闭,并加强随访,观察病变处的动态变化。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层近端锚定区不足腔内治疗分析

目的 探讨胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层时近端锚定区不足的3种处理方法.方法 回顾性分析36例B型主动脉夹层患者近端锚定区不足15 mm的处理方法,其中覆盖左锁骨下动脉(LSA)15例(A组),LSA烟囱支架植入14例(B组),头臂动脉转流7例(C组).结果 TEVAR术均获成功.ⅠA型内漏3例,Ⅳ型内漏1例,内漏发生率11.11％.双上肢平均收缩压差在A组为(41.68±17.52) mmHg,与B组(15.61±8.83) mmHg和C组(11.54±10.07)mmHg比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).无围手术期死亡、脑梗死、截瘫、严重左上肢缺血等并发症.术后随访3～12个月,CTA复查显示主动脉覆膜支架及烟囱支架无移位,人工血管及烟囱支架均通畅,原少量内漏消失,无新发内漏.结论 对近端锚定区不足的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者施行TEVAR术时可通过覆盖LSA、植入LSA烟囱支架和头臂动脉转流技术,安全有效地拓展近端锚定区距离.     

Progressive thoracic aortic dilatation after aortic valve replacement

Aneurysms of the ascending aorta developed after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic insufficiency in four cases. Two of the aneurysms were complicated by dissection; one patient died. Rheumatic disease has become a less common cause of pure aortic regurgitation, and a number of etiologies primarily involving the wall of the aorta are now recognized. Although appropriately timed aortic valve replacement can prevent the irreversible left ventricular depression associated with chronic aortic insufficiency, careful evaluation of the thoracic aorta on serial postoperative chest radiographs is warranted, because the underlying pathologic process may proceed in the aortic wall with eventual aneurysm formation.     

Paravalvular aortic rupture causing angina following aortic valve replacement

We report the first encounter of a paravalvular rupture of the aorta 5 years after aortic valve replacement with a #25 Omniscience tilting disc. The rupture involved the circumflex coronary artery causing angina.     

CT characteristics of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm versus aortic dissection

In an attempt to better define criteria for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD) using CT the scans of 60 documented aortic lesions were reviewed. Hyperdensity of the aortic wall at multiple levels was found to be specific for AD. Central displacement of atheromatous calcification and deformity of the residual aortic lumen were more common in AD than in AA. Peripheral location of aortic wall calcification and a round aortic lumen in cross section were more common in AA than in AD. Central calcification in AA appeared to be associated with a serious short-term prognosis in several cases. A thickened aortic wall of low density was more common in AA than in acute AD, but this relationship was not significant when acute and chronic ADs were considered as a single group. Wall thickness correlated with cross-sectional size of the aortic lesion in AA but not in AD. The mean maximum wall thickness exceeded 1 cm for both AA and AD and was not significantly different between the two; contrary statements have been made in the angiographic literature.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术治疗体会

目的:探讨腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的效果。方法:对2005-09~2010-02期间18例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者实行血管造影和血管腔内带膜支架植入手术治疗,术后3、6、12个月行CTA检查,观察手术疗效以及有无狭窄、移位和扭曲等术后并发症。结果:无中转开胸手术。除1例再发Stanford A型夹层破裂死亡外,其余患者均顺利出院。结论:主动脉夹层腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层是一种安全有效的方法,早期结果满意,中远期效果还有待观察。     

Remodelling of the aortic root in severe tricuspid aortic stenosis: implications for transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Detailed knowledge of aortic root geometry is a prerequisite to anticipate complications of transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) implantation. We determined coronary ostial locations and aortic root dimensions in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and compared these values with normal subjects using computed tomography (CT). One hundred consecutive patients with severe tricuspid AS and 100 consecutive patients without valvular pathology (referred to as the controls) undergoing cardiac dual-source CT were included. Distances from the aortic annulus (AA) to the left coronary ostium (LCO), right coronary ostium (RCO), the height of the left coronary sinus (HLS), right coronary sinus (HRS), and aortic root dimensions [diameters of AA, sinus of Valsalva (SV), and sino-tubular junction(STJ)] were measured. LCO and RCO were 14.9 ± 3.2 mm (8.2–25.9) and 16.8 ± 3.6 mm (12.0–25.7) in the controls, 15.5 ± 2.9 mm (8.8–24.3) and 17.3 ± 3.6 mm (7.3–26.0) in patients with AS. Controls and patients with AS had similar values for LCO (P = 0.18), RCO (P = 0.33) and HLS (P = 0.88), whereas HRS (P < 0.05) was significantly larger in patients with AS. AA (r = 0.55,P < 0.001), SV (r = 0.54,P < 0.001), and STJ (r = 0.52,P < 0.001) significantly correlated with the body surface area in the controls; whereas no correlation was found in patients with AS. Patients with AS had significantly larger AA (P < 0.01) and STJ (P < 0.01) diameters when compared with the controls. In patients with severe tricuspid AS, coronary ostial locations were similar to the controls, but a transverse remodelling of the aortic root was recognized. Owing to the large distribution of ostial locations and the dilatation of the aortic root, CT is recommended before TAV implantation in each patient.     

Bloodless aortic dissection

“Bloodless aortic dissection” is a rare cause of sudden death due to an aortic dissection without intimal tears and with no blood present within the dissected aortic wall. The first case was described in 1993. Death was considered to be caused by acute myocardial ischemia from dissection involving the left coronary artery. Further cases have been described where death was thought to originate from increasing hypertension during progressive extension of the dissection followed by a sudden irritation of the subendothelially localized conduction system of the heart. The presented case involves a rapidly fatal aortic dissection in a 64 year old man without any intimal tears and no blood in the dissected aortic wall, although the dissection involved the entire aorta. Death was considered due to myocardial ischemia since the dissection had reached the aortic root and the origins of the coronary arteries.