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《临床药物治疗杂志》2018,(2)
肺动脉高压(PAH)是结缔组织病(CTD)的严重并发症,也是当前CTD死亡的重要因素之一。重视针对PAH治疗的同时,还应通过糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂积极控制CTD,从而实现双重达标治疗目标,以期改善预后,提高患者生活质量。 相似文献
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结缔组织病相关性肺动脉高压的治疗 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
肺动脉高压是多种结缔组织病在心血管及呼吸系统的重要并发症之一。其发病机制尚不完全明确,且治疗难度较大,预后甚差,死亡率较高。因此对结缔组织病相关的肺动脉高压早期诊断、及时合理的治疗十分重要。本文就结缔组织病相关的肺动脉高压的发病机理、分类、治疗等方面作以综述。阐述结缔组织病相关的肺动脉高压的治疗现状及新药开发及展望。 相似文献
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1临床资料
回顾性分析我院2005年以来结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压临床资料。根据超声心动图评估肺动脉收缩压(PASP)。当肺动脉收缩压〉25mmHg时可诊断为PAH。结果:240例CTD住院患者中共发生PAH11例,占4.58%。其中,女8例,男3例,年龄12~74岁,平均43岁。混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)4例、原发性干燥综合征(pSS)3例、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)2例、皮肌炎(DM)2例。PASP33—96mmHg,平均64.5mmHg。 相似文献
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国外试验证实,曲前列环素治疗肺动脉高压是有效,安全及可耐受的。国外众多的关于曲前列环素临床药物试验(不同的给药方式,如静脉,皮下及吸入等),证实曲前列环素能显著改善肺动脉高压患者运动耐量、症状及血流动力学,疗效与依前列醇相似但潜在危及生命的不良反应较少,同时可以用于波生坦及西地那非等口服效果不理想的患者。曲前列环素是一种治疗肺动脉高压的有效药物,部分代替静脉输注曲前列环素是可行性,同时可以用于波生坦、西地那非等口服药物治疗症状改善无明显的肺动脉高压患者。 相似文献
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前列环素(依前列醇)连续静脉注射是目前临床肺动脉高压的标准治疗方案.但静脉注射可能引起的严重不良反应促使人们进行新药以及新制剂的研究开发。新近上市的前列环素类似物treprostinil可有效治疗肺动脉高压,包括原发性和继发性肺动脉高压的治疗。其疗效与依前列醇类似,可作为静脉注射用前列环素的替代用药,且与华法林联合使用对华法林药动学和药效学几无影响。 相似文献
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肺动脉高压(PAH)传统治疗药物主要有钙拮抗剂,口服抗凝剂和前列环素类似物如依前列醇(epoprostenol)持续静脉给药。但临床疗效有限,并且使用大剂量钙拮抗剂可导致患者通气/血流比例失调。最近,对PAH的发病机理有了新的认识。新药血栓素阻断剂特波格雷(terbogrel),前列环素类似物treprostinil、贝前列素(beraprost)、伊洛前列素(iloprost)和内皮素受体阻断剂波生坦(bosentan)均已用于PAH的治疗,并取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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<正>肺动脉高压(PAH)是结缔组织病(CTD)的严重并发症之一。存在PAH的患者临床表现主要有活动性呼吸困难、胸闷、胸痛、咳嗽、乏力、晕厥、发绀、双下肢水肿等活动耐量降低的表现,如果没有得到及时治疗,往往导致右心功能衰竭、肺水肿、心律失常,甚至猝死[1]。因此,早期发现PAH在CTD中的表现,并对其进行早期诊断和治疗,是影响PAH患者预 相似文献
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前列环素类似物是肺动脉高压靶向治疗药物中最早上市的一类药物,里程碑式的改变了肺动脉高压患者的恶劣预后.包括静脉输注依前列醇(epoprostenol)、皮下注射曲前列环素(treprostinil)、口服贝前列素(beraprost)以及吸入性伊洛前列素(iloprost). 相似文献
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Gillian M. Keating 《Am J Cardiovasc Drugs》2016,16(6):453-460
Macitentan (Opsumit®) is an orally active, potent, dual endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist that is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In the pivotal SERAPHIN trial in patients aged ≥12 years with PAH, the risk of first PAH-related event or all-cause death (primary composite endpoint) was significantly reduced by 45 % with oral macitentan 10 mg once daily versus placebo. Macitentan significantly reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint across various patient subgroups. The risk of all-cause hospitalization and PAH-related hospitalization was also significantly reduced by macitentan, according to post hoc analysis. Macitentan was generally well tolerated in SERAPHIN. In conclusion, macitentan is an important option for the treatment of PAH. 相似文献
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The last decade has seen significant advances in the understanding and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Three main pathways, involving endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin, have been identified in its pathogenesis and these have all led to the development of therapies in current use. While the nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways require augmentation, the endothelin system is overactive in PAH, with increased endothelin synthesis and receptor expression and, therefore, requires blockade. There are two known endothelin receptors. The type A receptor, expressed in pulmonary artery media, mediates vasoconstriction and remodeling, whereas the function of the type B receptor is more complex. Like the type A receptor, the type B receptor mediates vasoconstriction and remodeling effects when expressed on smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, yet functions to clear endothelin from the circulation and induce release of endogenous nitric oxide and prostacyclin, when activated in the pulmonary artery endothelium. Consequently, it is not clear from in vitro data whether the optimal strategy is to block only the type A receptor or both receptors. Phase III clinical studies show clear short-term physiologic benefit with both dual and selective endothelin blockade in PAH. Longer-term experience with bosentan, a dual receptor antagonist, has shown improved outcomes compared with historic control data and comparable survival to intravenous prostacyclin therapy. The newer selective blockers, sitaxsentan and ambrisentan, appear to have similar short-term efficacy, but long-term data are as yet either lacking or unpublished. They may be less hepatotoxic than bosentan, although long-term follow-up of patients receiving bosentan has shown this is not a significant problem. On the basis of available evidence, the endothelin receptor antagonists have become first-line therapy for patients with PAH, except in the most severely affected who still require treatment with intravenous prostacyclin. Although their use as part of combination therapy with other agents is widespread, the evidence for this is not as robust, but appropriate investigation is underway. 相似文献
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特发性肺动脉高压的药物治疗 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
特发性肺动脉高压(IdiopathicPulmonaryArterialHypertension,IPAH)是一恶性肺血管病,主要表现为不明原因的肌型小肺动脉丛样病变,肺动脉阻力进行性增加。如未正规治疗,患者一般在出现症状2~3年内死于右心衰竭。近来,随着前列环素类似物、内皮素受体拮抗剂等药物的出现,IPAH的治疗有了长足的进步,患者预后进一步改善[1]。本文将对IPAH的药物治疗进行阐述。 相似文献
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肺动脉高压是以肺动脉增生、重构为特征并导致肺循环阻力进行性增高、右心室后负荷增加、最终出现右心功能衰竭的一种严重疾病。经过多年研究,人类在肺动脉高压药物治疗方面已取得长足进展,肺动脉高压患者生存率有了一定的提高,然而绝大多数肺动脉高压患者长期预后欠佳,治疗药物的研发仍为临床亟需。 相似文献
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依帕司他对肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管重构的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 通过观察依帕司他(epalrestat,EPS)对野百合碱(monocrotaline,MCT)诱导的肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)大鼠肺血管重构的保护作用,探讨其作用是否与其抑制转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和醛糖还原酶(aldose reductase,AR)的表达有关。方法 SD大鼠48只,随机分为正常对照组、MCT组、EPS 50 mg·kg-1组及EPS 100 mg·kg-1组,每组12只。MCT(60 mg·kg-1)皮下注射诱导PAH大鼠模型。连续灌胃给药4周后,由右颈外静脉将直径为0.5 mm的Cournand心导管缓慢推进到右心室和肺动脉,用MedLab多导生理记录仪分别记录右心室收缩压(right ventricular systolic pressure,RVSP)和平均肺动脉压(mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP)。HE染色观察肺动脉病理学变化,Masson染色观察肺动脉胶原沉积的变化。免疫组化法检测肺动脉AR的蛋白表达。qPCR和(或)Western blot检测肺动脉增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、I型胶原蛋白(collagen I)、AR和TGF-β1的表达。结果 EPS连续给药4周后能明显降低PAH大鼠RVSP及mPAP,减轻肺血管重构,降低肺动脉PCNA、collagen I表达。同时,EPS还能明显抑制肺动脉AR和TGF-β1的表达。结论 EPS对MCT诱导的PAH大鼠肺血管重构具有一定的抑制作用,其机制可能与抑制TGF-β1介导AR的表达有关。 相似文献