核素心肌灌注显像在原发性高血压性心脏病心肌缺血诊断中的临床价值

目的:研究核素心肌灌注显像在原发性高血压性心脏病心肌缺血诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:110例临床确诊为原发性高血压性心脏病住院患者,进行核素心肌灌注显像及冠状动脉造影检查,分析其心肌缺血、心室功能情况及冠状动脉血流情况,对心肌缺血与冠状动脉血流灌注情况分别进行对比分析。结果:60例表现为可逆性心肌缺血,3例表现为不可逆性心肌缺血,冠状动脉造影结果显示缺血患者中31例阳性显像(血管狭窄程度≥50%),32例阴性显像,且二者缺血严重程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:核素心肌灌注显像可以显示冠状动脉造影阴性的高血压性心脏病患者心肌缺血。     

腺苷负荷心肌核素显像在诊断冠心病中的应用

目的:探讨腺苷负荷心肌核素显像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法:94例拟诊冠心病患者均行冠状动脉造影,腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像、静息心肌显像检查,比较腺苷负荷心肌核素显像与冠状动脉造影结果。结果:冠状动脉造影检查阳性62例中,腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阳性50例。32例冠状动脉造影示无明显狭窄者中,腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阴性24例。腺苷负荷心肌核素显像诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性分别为80.6%和75.0%。2,3支病变血管腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阳性率高于单支血管病变(P<0.05)。结论:腺苷负荷心肌核素显像诊断冠心病敏感性、特异性较高。     

腺苷负荷心肌核素显像在诊断冠心病中的应用

目的:探讨腺苷负荷心肌核素显像对冠心痛的诊断价值.方法:94例拟诊冠心痛患者均行冠状动脉造影,腺苷负荷99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像、静息心肌显像检查,比较腺苷负荷心肌核素显像与冠状动脉造影结果.结果:冠状动脉造影检查阳性62例中,腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阳性50例.32例冠状动脉造影示无明显狭窄者中,腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阴性24例.腺苷负荷心肌核素显像诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性分别为80.6%和75.O%.2,3支病变血管腺苷负荷心肌核素显像阳性率高于单支血管病变(P<0.05).结论:腺苷负荷心肌核素显像诊断冠心痛敏感性、特异性较高.     

腺苷超声与核素心肌显像推测心绞痛相关狭窄血管的比较

目的 比较腺苷超声心动图与腺苷核素心肌灌注显像诊断冠心病及推测稳定型心绞痛患者相关狭窄血管的价值。方法 51例临床诊断为稳定型心绞痛的住院患者同期进行腺苷超声心动图与腺苷核素心肌灌注显像检查,超声心动图示室壁运动障碍,心肌显像检测核素分布稀疏或缺损,并在2周内行冠状动脉造影对照。结果 51例患者接受冠状动脉造影,诊断冠心病42例,9例排除冠心病,诊断狭窄血管74支。超声心动图阳性者33例,心肌显像阳性者39例。超声心动图诊断狭窄血管敏感性62%,特异性86%,准确性75%。核素心肌显像诊断狭窄血管敏感性80%,特异性89%,准确性84%。二者诊断符合率84%。结论 研究结果显示,与腺苷超声心动图诊断稳定型心绞痛患者狭窄血管相比较,腺苷心肌灌注显像具有更高的敏感性,尤其识别多支病变及中重度狭窄血管更敏感。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者心肌缺血程度中的价值

目的研究多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)患者心肌缺血程度中的作用。方法选取初诊疑为冠心病的患者102例,分别采用MSCTA以及冠脉血管造影(CAG)检查,并以CAG诊断结果为"金标准",分析MSCTA诊断冠脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及准确度。同时,根据CAG结果将冠状动脉狭窄分为轻度狭窄、中度狭窄以及重度狭窄。此外,对所有患者进行核素心肌灌注显像检查,并计算CAG和MSCTA共同确诊的182支狭窄冠脉所匹配的心肌异常灌注区静息、负荷总积分以及灌注积分差。结果以CAG诊断为"金标准",102例患者MSCTA结果显示87例患者213支冠状动脉狭窄,诊断狭窄敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为97.17%,94.85%,96.71%,95.56%和96.26%;MSCTA诊断冠状动脉轻度狭窄率、中度狭窄率以及重度狭窄率分别为23.94%(51/213)、21.60%(46/213)、54.46%(116/213),与CAG22.53%(48/213)、19.25%(41/213)、54.93%(117/213)相比,均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。轻度狭窄冠状动脉所匹配的心肌异常灌注区负荷总积分和灌注积分差低于中度狭窄以及重度狭窄,而中度狭窄冠状动脉所匹配的心肌异常灌注区心肌负荷总积分和灌注积分差又低于重度狭窄,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,冠状动脉狭窄程度与心肌血流异常灌注区负荷总积分和灌注积分差呈显著正相关关系(r=0.758和r=0.636,均P<0.001)。结论 MSCTA可有效评价CAD患者的心肌缺血程度。     

核素心肌灌注显像诊断糖尿病合并冠心病斑块不稳定性的临床价值

目的:应用核素心肌灌注显像,对糖尿病引起的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性进行临床研究。方法:选择118例住院患者,其中糖尿病合并冠心病患者(糖尿病病史5年)88例,单纯冠心病患者30例,冠状动脉造影检查血管均有不同程度轻、中度狭窄(50%~75%)。对其分别进行核素心肌灌注显像,并于1.5~2年后对所有患者进行核素心肌灌注显像随访评估,对其中严重缺血和心肌梗死患者同时进行冠状动脉造影检查。结果:糖尿病组随访前核素心肌灌注显像轻度缺血45例,中度缺血36例,阴性7例,随访后核素心肌灌注显像轻度缺血32例,中度缺血44例,严重缺血及心肌梗死10例(血管狭窄90%),2例死亡;单纯冠心病组随访前核素心肌灌注显像轻度缺血20例,中度缺血8例,阴性2例,随访后核素心肌灌注显像轻度缺血18例,中度缺血11例,严重缺血及心肌梗死1例(血管狭窄90%),死亡0例。2组间随访后较随访前缺血面积、严重程度、射血分数值变化差异均有统计学意义(t=5.61,4.38,2.58;P均0.05)。结论:核素心肌灌注显像对诊断及监测、评估糖尿病合并冠心病斑块的不稳定性有其重要临床意义。     

冠脉造影与门控心肌断层显像结果差异分析

目的：对冠脉造影与门控心肌断层心肌显像检查结果不一致情况及影响因素进行分析。方法：对59例胸痛患者行冠脉造影及核素心肌灌注显像，并对结果不匹配者进行分析。结果：59例患者中，冠脉造影、核素心肌灌注显像结果不匹配者22例，其中男性16例，女性6例。门控心肌断层显像显示有心肌缺血而冠脉造影显示无明显冠状动脉病变患者有17例，门控心肌断层显像未见心肌缺血改变而冠脉造影显示有明显的冠状动脉狭窄的病人有5例。结论：对冠心病的诊断核素心肌灌注显像与冠脉造影的价值是互补的。     

心肌灌注显像在女性冠心病诊断中价值

目的评价心肌灌注显像对女性冠心病患者的诊断价值。方法 344例有胸痛、胸闷症状女性患者,行静息+药物负荷心肌灌注显像检测,并与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果冠状动脉狭窄178例患者中心肌灌注显示异常者130例;冠状动脉造影无异常或不规则166例中心肌灌注显像异常50例,无异常116例;以冠状动脉造影结果为标准,心肌灌注显像对女性冠心病诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为73.0%,69.9%,72.2%,70.7%。结论心肌灌注显像对女性冠心病患者的诊断及是否进一步行冠状动脉造影的筛选有一定价值。     

不同狭窄程度下冠状动脉微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的基于血流动力学原理,构建冠状动脉个性化三维模型,研究不同狭窄程度下冠状动脉微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法回顾性选取2018年1~10月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受冠状动脉增强扫描(CTA)和核素心肌灌注显像(MPI)检查的44例患者,其中男性31例,女性13例,共分析133支血管。借助电路分析方法计算冠状动脉微循环阻力。以心肌灌注显像作为诊断心肌缺血的"金标准",比较不同狭窄程度下,微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断价值。采用SPSS 20. 0及Medcalc 18. 0软件进行分析,以心肌灌注显像作为诊断心肌缺血的金标准,比较微循环阻力在缺血组(n=67)及非缺血组(n=66)的差异;分别计算不同狭窄程度下,微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断阈值。结果微循环阻力对25%~70%冠状动脉狭窄时,诊断价值最高。当冠状动脉狭窄25%~70%时,微循环阻力对诊断心肌缺血敏感性为87%~94%,特异性为71%~91%。当冠状动脉狭窄为25%~50%时,微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断阈值为183. 3;冠状动脉狭窄为50%~70%时,微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断阈值为137. 9。结论通过构建冠状动脉个性化三维模型、计算冠状动脉微循环阻力,分析不同狭窄程度下微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断价值。当冠状动脉存在25%~70%狭窄时,微循环阻力对心肌缺血的诊断阈值可为临床精准诊断提供一定意义的理论依据。     

门控心肌显像评价冠心病左心室舒张末期瞬间缺血扩张的价值

目的:探讨左心室舒张末期瞬间扩张比(TID)与血管狭窄程度和累及范围关系。方法:收集2004年5月至2006年12月在我院行99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注运动和负荷检查的患者183例,按冠状动脉造影结果所示的血管狭窄程度和累及范围及核素灌注显像的缺血程度分类,比较不同程度的狭窄和缺血TID值。结果:在无狭窄组和无缺血组的TID值分布为0.9～1.1,狭窄组和缺血组TID值随累及范围扩大和严重程度加重而增加,但在轻度缺血及狭窄组与正常组的比较中未见明显统计学差异,而狭窄程度大于70%或心肌灌注呈不可逆的缺血组TID值均有显著改变。结论:门控心肌灌注显像的TID计算可反映心功能状况,对评估心肌缺血造成的心功能损害具一定参考意义。     

潘生丁负荷MR首次通过灌注显像评价心肌缺血

目的了解潘生丁负荷MR首过灌注(MRFP)显像在冠心病诊断中的临床意义.方法 42例拟诊冠心病的患者,按临床分为心肌梗死、心肌缺血、正常三组,行MRFP显像,其中25例行冠状动脉造影(CAG),并按冠脉狭窄程度分为狭窄<50%,50%～99%和100%三组.制定5分制标准,定性判断MRFP图像.分别分析临床分组和CAG分组的MR心肌灌注显像结果.结果定性判断MRFP图像对冠心病诊断的敏感性、特异性与准确性分别为90%、70%和80%.MRFP与临床分组的相关系数r=0.352(P=0.041);MRFP与CAG分组的相关系数r=0.402(P=0.001).出现灌注缺损的比例在临床分组中,分别为85.7%、61.1%和33.3%;在CAG分组中,分别为20%、60%和100%.结论 MRFP显像能够区分缺血和正常心肌,对冠心病诊断有一定意义.     

99Tcm-MIBI SPECT心肌显像在心脏移植术后随访的临床应用价值

目的评价^99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99Tc^m-MIBI）运动-静息SPECT心肌显像在心脏移植术后随访的临床应用价值。方法对10例长期存活的心脏移植患者进行^99Tc^m-MIBI运动-静息心肌显像随访心肌血供情况,同时进行冠状动脉造影、心电图等检查。结果经^99Tc^m-MIBI运动-静息心肌灌注显像示有4例患者出现放射性分布可逆性缺损,提示该节段心肌缺血,与冠状动脉造影检查结果相符。心电图均基本正常。结论心脏移植长期存活患者定期行^99Tc^m-MIBI运动-静息心肌显像,有助于早期了解心肌血流灌注情况,对其后续治疗决策具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Silent myocardial ischemia. Answers to frequently asked questions

Patients with coronary artery disease and silent myocardial ischemia have a prognosis similar to that of symptomatic patients. Screening of totally asymptomatic patients is not likely to identify many with silent ischemia. However, certain cohorts of patients--middle-aged men with two or more risk factors for coronary arteriosclerosis--are at risk of presenting initially with myocardial infarction or sudden death, and the screening of such persons is advised. Use of radionuclear imaging techniques during exercise stress testing appears to be helpful in identifying patients at high risk, who should then be offered coronary arteriography. An ideal treatment has not been established, but a treatment strategy based on symptom relief alone is suboptimal. Measures used for symptomatic ischemia are just as effective with silent ischemia. Treatment must be individualized, and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring appears useful in adjusting antiischemic therapy for a given patient.     

Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic subjects: the DIAD study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and clinical predictors of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and to test the effectiveness of current American Diabetes Association screening guidelines. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study, 1,123 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 50-75 years, with no known or suspected coronary artery disease, were randomly assigned to either stress testing and 5-year clinical follow-up or to follow-up only. The prevalence of ischemia in 522 patients randomized to stress testing was assessed by adenosine technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission-computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients (22%) had silent ischemia, including 83 with regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities and 30 with normal perfusion but other abnormalities (i.e., adenosine-induced ST-segment depression, ventricular dilation, or rest ventricular dysfunction). Moderate or large perfusion defects were present in 33 patients. The strongest predictors for abnormal tests were abnormal Valsalva (odds ratio [OR] 5.6), male sex (2.5), and diabetes duration (5.2). Other traditional cardiac risk factors or inflammatory and prothrombotic markers were not predictive. Ischemic adenosine-induced ST-segment depression with normal perfusion (n = 21) was associated with women (OR 3.4). Selecting only patients who met American Diabetes Association guidelines would have failed to identify 41% of patients with silent ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Silent myocardial ischemia occurs in greater than one in five asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Traditional and emerging cardiac risk factors were not associated with abnormal stress tests, although cardiac autonomic dysfunction was a strong predictor of ischemia.     

动态心电图与常规心电图诊断无症状心肌缺血的相关分析

目的:探讨动态心电图与常规心电图对无症状心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法:经冠状动脉造影确诊冠心病患者156例行12导联动态心电图和常规心电图检查,比较2种方法无症状心肌缺血的检出率。结果:符合动态心电图24h心肌缺血发作要求者156例,其中有症状心肌缺血45例,占28.85%(45/156),无症状心肌缺血111例,占71.15%(111/156)。符合常规心电图心肌缺血发作要求者76例,占48.72%(76/156),其中有症状心肌缺血42例,占26.92%(42/156),无症状心肌缺血34例,占21.80%(34/156)。2种检查方法无症状心肌缺血的检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无症状心肌缺血冠心病患者常见,动态心电图可提高心肌缺血,尤其是无症状心肌缺血检出率。     

Stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging detects more residual ischemia than stress echocardiography following acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: This investigation sought to compare the abilities of stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging and stress echocardiography to detect residual ischemia in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). BACKGROUND: Stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging and stress echocardiography are both commonly used to assess patients (patients.) in the immediate post MI period. However, the relative value of these techniques in identifying post MI ischemia remains unclear. METHODS: Eighteen patients. underwent both dipyridamole radionuclide perfusion imaging and dobutamine stress echocardiography on the same day or on consecutive days, 3-7 days following uncomplicated acute MI. Pts. who had an acute percutaneous intervention were excluded. Images were reviewed with clinical information available, but blinded to the opposing modality, for perfusion defects, wall motion abnormalities (WMA), and evidence of ischemia (reversible defect(s) on perfusion imaging, worsening WMA on stress echocardiography). Of the 18 patients, 11 subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Perfusion imaging identified defects in 16 (89%) patients, of whom 15 (83% of total) were found to be ischemic. Stress echocardiography identified a fixed wall motion abnormality in 17 (94%) and ischemia in 8 (44%, p < 0.05 compared with perfusion imaging ischemia). Among 11 patients who underwent catheterization, there was a trend towards perfusion imaging identifying more ischemia in the territory of an obstructed (> or = 70%) vessel--100% (11/11) vs. 64% (7/11) for stress echocardiography (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: In the immediate post-infarction period, dipyridamole stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging more often shows evidence of residual ischemia than dobutamine stress echocardiography.     

Silent myocardial ischemia

ST-segment depression in the absence of symptoms is now a well-defined abnormality in patients with coronary artery disease. ST-segment depression without the occurrence of angina is a marker for myocardial perfusion defects and ischemia. During 24-hour recordings, most episodes of ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease are silent and occur with relatively normal heart rates. The combination of silent ischemia and ischemia associated with angina is referred to as total ischemic burden. Silent ischemia is prognostically important for identifying patients in whom subsequent myocardial events may develop. The episodes of silent ischemia, and thus total ischemic burden, can be reduced by standard antianginal therapy, a measure that may have a favorable influence on patient outcome. Proof that reduction of the total ischemic burden actually improves outcome, however, is not yet available.     

心肌声学造影无创评价犬急性冠状动脉闭塞缺血心肌及侧支循环的状态

目的：探讨经静脉心肌志学造影在动态评价犬急性冠状动脉闭塞时缺血、坏死心肌，及侧支循环逐步建立开放中的价值。方法：7只健康杂种犬，分别于基础状态，左冠前降支（LAD）结扎即刻、结扎后3h行经静脉心肌声学造影（MCE）。定量分析冠脉闭塞后心肌低灌注区视频密度峰值（VI），测量充盈缺损区面积，监测血流动力学变化。结果：1只犬于LAD结扎2min时因发生室颤死亡，统计分析时剔除，其余6只犬经静脉MCE未见血流动力学影响。LAD结扎3h的造影充盈缺损面积小于结扎即刻（P＜0．001）；LAD结扎3h的心肌低灌注区视频密度峰值较结扎即刻明显增加（P＜0．001）；心肌病理染色确定的坏死心肌部位在MCE的充盈缺损范围内。结论：MCE是反映心肌血流灌注的安全、有效方法，可准确评价冠脉急性闭塞时心肌血流灌注的变化及侧支循环状态。