代谢综合征患者血清内脂素、脂联素水平的变化及影响因素

目的了解代谢综合征患者(MS)血清内脂素和脂联素水平的变化,并探讨其与MS各组份的相互影响。方法按1999年中华医学会标准筛选MS组42例,健康对照组30例,检测人体测量参数和生化指标,并测定空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、脂联素、内脂素等水平。用酶联免疫法(EIA法)测定内脂素,用放免法(RIA)测定脂联素和胰岛素。用最小稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),公式为FPGFINS/22.5。结果MS组的血清内脂素水平明显高于对照组(97.57±40.69)ng/mLvs(50.54±19.14)ng/mL,P<0.05,而脂联素水平明显降低(7.98±3.62)μg/mLvs(13.55±5.72)μg/mL,P<0.01。MS患者血清内脂素水平与腰围呈显著正相关(r=0.415,P<0.01),而与其他代谢指标无明显相关性;脂联素水平与HDL-C呈显著正相关(r=0.579,P<0.01),而与HOMA-IR(r=-0.601,P<0.01)、WHR(r=-0.531,P<0.01)呈显著负相关。结论MS患者的内脂素水平升高,而脂联素水平下降。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清内脂素、脂联素、瘦素的变化及临床意义

目的:研究多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)患者血清中内脂素、脂联素、瘦素水平,为阐明PCOS的发病机制提供基础.方法:设POCS组和健康时照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)和放射免疫法(radioimmunoassay,RIA),检测73例PCOS患者组以及75例年龄和体重指数(body mass index,BMI)相匹配的健康对照组血清内脂素、脂联素、瘦素、性激素水平以及内分泌代谢指标.结果:PCOS组空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,Fins)、胰岛素抵抗指数(homeo-static model assessment for insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、睾酮(testosterone,T)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hor-mone,LH)以及泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)水平高于健康对照组(均P<0.05),而卵泡刺激素(follicle-stim-ulating hormone,FSH)水平低于健康对照组(P<0.001).PCOS组血清的内脂素和瘦素水平显著高于健康对照组[PCOS组内脂素和瘦素分别为(95.30±31.90)和(11.10±3.87)ug/L,健康对照组分别为(73.20±20.30)和(7.21±2.47)ug/L,均P<0.001],而脂联素水平显著低于健康对照组[PCOS组为(4.21±1.17)mg/L,健康对照组为(6.39±1.53)mg/L,P<0.001].PCOS组和健康对照组血清内脂素水平与脂联素呈负相关(分别为r=-0.452和-0.378,均P<0.01),而两组内脂素水平与瘦素、HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.379-0.556,均P<0.01).在控制BMI影响后,PCOS组血清内脂素水平与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.462,P<0.01).结论:PCOS患者存在高内脂素、高瘦素和低脂联素水平,且内脂素水平与胰岛素抵抗相关联.     

血清脂联素水平降低是代谢综合征的特征性标志

目的探讨上海地区中国人血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征(MS)的关系。方法527例年龄≥20岁的上海地区中国人,检测体重指数(BMI)、局部体脂(腰围)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)、血脂谱及血压,采用放射免疫分析法测定胰岛素及血清脂联素水平。根据2004年中华医学会糖尿病学会提出的关于MS的定义分为无代谢异常组、1~2项代谢异常组及MS组。结果①MS组的血清脂联素水平为(8.93±0.49)mg/L,显著低于无代谢异常组的(12.99±0.66)mg/L和1~2项代谢异常组的(11.50±0.45)mg/L(P值分别=0.0002和0.0003)。而无代谢异常组与1~2项代谢异常组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②Pearson相关分析表明,血清脂联素水平与BMI、腰围、腰臀比、FPG、2hPG、空腹胰岛素(FIN)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)均成显著负相关(P<0.02或0.0001),并与性别、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇成显著正相关(P<0.001)。③以血清脂联素为应变量的logistic回归分析显示,BMI、HOMA-IR及MS与血清脂联素水平明显相关。结论血清脂联素水平降低是MS的特征性标志之一。     

心力衰竭患者血清脂联素水平及胰岛素抵抗与心功能的关系

目的 探讨心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者血清脂联素水平、胰岛素抵抗(IR)与心衰严重程度的关系.方法 选择心衰患者70例,按NYHA心功能分级分为3组(心功能Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组),选择健康体检者20例为对照组.采用酶联免疫方法测定脂联素水平,放免法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,全自动生化分析仪测定空腹血糖(FBC)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 心衰组血清脂联素、HOMA-IR较对照组显著增高(P均<0.01);脂联素水平、HOMA-IR心功能Ⅱ级组分别为(8.68±3.80)mg/L、1.98±0.96,心功能Ⅲ级组分别为(12.36±4.74)mg/L、3.48±1.26,心功能Ⅳ级组分别为(16.42±6.57)mg/L、5.32±1.52,不同心功能级组间脂联素及HOMA-IR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).心衰患者不同病因血清脂联素、胰岛素抵抗水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 心衰患者血清脂联素、胰岛素抵抗水平显著升高,并与心衰严重程度存在一定相关性.可以较准确地评价患者心衰的严重程度.     

血清脂联素水平、胰岛素抵抗与代谢综合征的相关性

目的探讨血清脂联素水平、胰岛素抵抗与代谢综合征的相关性。方法采用放免法对163例代谢综合征组（MS组）患者和124例对照组（Con组）人群进行血清脂联素水平测定,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果MS组的血清脂联素水平较Con组显著降低（P〈0.05）,而HOMA-IR则高于Con组（P〈0.05）;MS组及Con组女性的血清脂联素浓度显著高于男性（P〈0.05）;多元逐步回归分析显示：空腹胰岛素是影响MS患者血清脂联素水平的独立相关因素。结论低脂联素血症与胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征的发生发展有关。     

代谢综合征氧化应激与血清脂联素水平的关系

目的 分析代谢综合征(MS)患者氧化应激状态与血清脂联素水平的关系.方法 依照纳入排除标准收集MS患者126例(MS组),对照组收集年龄性别匹配,血脂、血糖、血压以及肝肾功能正常的健康体检者98例.测定MS组和对照组总脂联素(Total-Ad)、高分子量脂联素(HMW-Ad)以及氧化应激指标[还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)和丙二醛(MDA)]的含量.比较对照组和MS组各项指标差异;并用多重线性回归模型分析MS组和对照组中脂联素与氧化应激指标的相关性.结果 MS组与对照组比较,Total-Ad[(3.51±0.83) μg/mL vs (4.34±0.98) μg/mL]、HMW-Ad[(1.32±0.42) μg/mL vs (2.15±0.85) μg/mL]和GSH[(1.15±0.54) μmol/L vs (1.96±0.62) μmol/L]水平降低(P均＜0.01),GSSG[(1.20±0.47) μmol/L vs (0.90±0.23) μmol/L]和MDA[(6.92±1.50) nmol/L vs (4.05±0.65) nmol/L]水平升高(P均＜0.05);在MS组脂联素与各项参数建立的多重线性回归模型中,Total-Ad和HMW-Ad与氧化应激指标中的GSH呈正相关性,偏相关系数分别为0.587和0.480(P＜0.05),与MDA呈负相关性,偏相关系数分别为-0.222和-0.389(P＜0.05).对照组的多重线性回归模型分析得出氧化应激指标与脂联素水平无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 MS患者伴随氧化应激,脂联素与GSH的相关性大于其余氧化应激指标.MS中低脂联素水平和氧化应激密切相关.     

非糖尿病代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平的变化及与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的：观察非糖尿病代谢综合征（MS）患者血清脂联素水平,了解脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法：对92例非糖尿病MS患者和30例健康对照者,应用酶联免疫吸附法测定其血清脂联素水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛素敏感指数。结果：MS组血清脂联素水平明显低于对照组（1．15±0.81mg／LVS4．81±1．20mg／L,P〈0．01）。直线相关分析显示MS组患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关（P〈0．01）,与胰岛素敏感指数呈正相关（P〈0．01）,经多元线性回归分析显示,血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：非糖尿病代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平明显降低,血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著负相关,提示血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征和胰岛素抵抗的发生发展相关。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清内脂素、脂联素的变化及意义

目的:研究多囊卵巢综合征患者血清内酯素和脂联素的变化情况及临床意义.方法:选择2011年3月～2012年9月间在我院妇科门诊接受治疗的多囊卵巢综合征患者80例为观察组,另选择同期在我院接受体检的健康女性80例作为对照组,比较两组空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)、性激素水平以及内脂素和脂联素水平.结果:观察组FINS、胰岛素抵抗指数(HMOA-IR)、睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)和泌乳素(PRL)水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组内酯素水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),脂联素水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:多囊卵巢综合征与胰岛素抵抗存在一定相关性,内酯素的过度表达和血清脂联素水平的下降是导致胰岛素抵抗的主要原因之一,也是影响多囊卵巢综合征的重要因素.     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素、内脂素水平的变化

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素、内脂素水平的变化及影响.方法 我院初次诊断的T2DM患者共55例(T2DM组)和健康对照组50例,分别测定患者空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc),血脂、脂联素和内脂素水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化.结果 (1)T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗指数明显增高(P ＜0.01);(2) T2DM患者TC、TG明显增高,HLD-C明显降低(P ＜0.05);(3)T2DM患者血清脂联素明显降低,内脂素水平明显增高(P＜0.01);血清脂联素与内脂素呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 T2DM患者血清脂联素和内脂素水平的变化,可能与T2DM发生、发展相关.     

代谢综合征患者内脂素和脂联素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的研究代谢综合征患者血浆内脂素和脂联素水平的变化,并探讨其与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 64例代谢综合征患者根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为有颈动脉斑块组27例(MS-B组),无颈动脉斑块组(MS-A组)37例,同时分别测定其血浆内脂素和脂联素,行双侧颈动脉超声检查半定量估计斑块的范围及严重程度。以32例健康体检者为对照组。分析血浆内脂素和脂联素与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。结果有颈动脉斑块组代谢综合征患者内脂素水平高于和脂联素水平低于无颈动脉斑块组代谢综合征患者(P<0.01),且代谢综合征患者内脂素水平高于和脂联素水平低于健康对照组(P分别<0.05和0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示颈动脉斑块与内脂素、胰岛素抵抗指数和hsCRP呈正相关(r=0.76,r=0.78,r=0.36,P<0.01);颈动脉斑块与脂联素呈负相关(r=-0.685,P<0.01)。结论颈动脉斑块与血浆内脂素水平呈明显正相关,颈动脉斑块与血浆脂联素水平呈明显负相关。内脂素和脂联素分别可能是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立预测因子,可用于MS病人危险分层的评估。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.