犬骨髓内皮祖细胞生物学特性及诱导分化

目的:探讨犬骨髓内皮祖细胞(EPCs)随培养时间延长其生物学特性变化及向内皮细胞(ECs)分化能力。方法:免疫微珠分选方法纯化犬骨髓CD14 细胞,EGM-MV2条件培养基培养,于不同时间检测EPCs的生物学特性;将存活至8周的EPCs以分化培养基(M199 20%胎牛血清 VEGF)诱导培养,检测ECs表面标志的表达。结果:早期EPCs为分选后8代之前的EPC,体积略小,类圆形,60%融合时呈串珠样排列,表达CD133、CD14;晚期EPCs由表达VE-cadherin、KDR、CD14的早期EPCs分化而来,形态为多边形,分泌活动明显加强,表达CD133、VE-cadherin、CD14和KDR;诱导分化细胞呈鹅卵石样外观,表达Ⅷ因子、CD31。结论:犬骨髓EPCs随培养时间呈现不同生物学特性,早期EPCs不稳定,晚期EPCs显示出更稳定的生物学特性,能够分化为ECs,是血管组织工程学研究良好的种子细胞。     

骨髓基质细胞促进人胚神经干细胞向神经元的分化

目的:探讨骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)对人胚神经干细胞(NSCs)分化的影响。方法:采用机械法分离人胚NSCs,成球法进行传代培养,采用免疫荧光染色检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白(Nestin)的表达鉴定NSCs。按培养方式不同,分为NSCs自然分化组、BMSCs和NSCs直接接触共培养组及Transwell共培养组,采用免疫细胞荧光法及免疫印迹法检测各组神经元和星形胶质细胞标志物的表达。结果:在直接接触共培养组和transwell共培养组中,免疫荧光染色显示神经元标志物NSE阳性细胞率明显高于自然分化组,而星形胶质细胞标志物GFAP阳性细胞率低于自然分化组。免疫印迹检测显示Transwell共培养组中NSE表达量显著高于自然分化组,而GFAP表达量低于自然分化组。结论:BMSCs具有促进NSCs向神经元分化的作用。     

Expression of Retrovirally Transduced IL-1 α in IL-6-Dependent B Cells: A Murine Model of Aggressive Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer was employed to introduce an IL-1α cDNA into an IL-6-dependent murine B-cell line. Bone marrow metastases and bone lesions were frequently observed following intravenous injection of these B cells into syngeneic mice. Because the retroviral vector also contained the neomycin phosphotransferase gene, metastatic cells could be easily recovered from bone marrow by addition of G418 to the culture medium. Interestingly, the metastatic B cells were found to retain their IL-6 dependency through several transplant generations. By comparison, intravenous injection of autonomously-growing B-cell lines generated in vitro by retroviral introduction of an IL-6 cDNA rarely resulted in bone marrow metastases. These results demonstrate that abrogation of growth factor dependency is neither necessary nor sufficient for the in vivo growth and dissemination of tumor cells in this experimental system. It is proposed that the increased metastasis of the IL-1 α-producing B-cells to bone marrow is due to alterations in cell adhesion molecules. The B-cell bone marrow metastasis model described here may be useful for studies of bone marrow homing and for evaluation of therapeutic regimens for multiple myeloma.     

Bone marrow fibroblasts overexpress miR-27b and miR-214 in step with multiple myeloma progression,dependent on tumour cell-derived exosomes

Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression has an important role in tumour progression, but its involvement in bone marrow fibroblasts of multiple myeloma patients remains undefined. We demonstrate that a specific miR profile in bone marrow fibroblasts parallels the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to myeloma. Overexpression of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p triggers proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloma fibroblasts via the FBXW7 and PTEN/AKT/GSK3 pathways, respectively. Transient transfection of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p inhibitors demonstrates a cooperation between these two miRNAs in the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL1, suggesting that miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p negatively regulate myeloma fibroblast apoptosis. Furthermore, myeloma cells modulate miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p expression in fibroblasts through the release of exosomes. Indeed, tumour cell-derived exosomes induce an overexpression of both miRNAs in MGUS fibroblasts not through a simple transfer mechanism but by de novo synthesis triggered by the transfer of exosomal WWC2 protein that regulates the Hippo pathway. Increased levels of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p in MGUS fibroblasts co-cultured with myeloma cell-derived exosomes enhance the expression of fibroblast activation markers αSMA and FAP. These data show that the MGUS-to-myeloma transition entails an aberrant miRNA profile in marrow fibroblasts and highlight a key role of myeloma cells in modifying the bone marrow microenvironment by reprogramming the marrow fibroblasts' behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

骨髓微环境对骨髓瘤细胞生物行为的影响

目的：观察骨髓瘤患者基质细胞(BMSC)及其对瘤细胞几种细胞因子及瘤细胞膜上粘附分子表达的影响。方法：用细胞培养、RT-PCR、流式细胞仪分别测定BMSC及与BMSC共同培养前后瘤细胞IL-6 mRNA、IL-1βmRNA、TNF-α mRNA及瘤细胞膜上ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达。结果：初治多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma，MM)患者BMSC与瘤细胞共同培养后，初治和复发、难治性MM患者瘤细胞ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达增加；复发、难治MM患者BMSC与瘤细胞共同培养后，初治和复发、难治胁患者瘤细胞的IL-6 mRNA、IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA及ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达均增加；初治MM患者BMSC膜上ICAM—1、VCAM-1表达高于正常对照组；复发、难治MM患者BMSC IL-6 mRNA、IL-1βmRNA、TNF-α mRNA及ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达均高于正常对照组和初治MM患者。结论：初治MM患者BMSC表达粘附分子增加，复发、难治MM患者BMSC除粘附分子表达异常外，其IL-6 mRNA、IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA亦表达异常；MM细胞与BMSC共同培养后，粘附分子和(或)IL-6 mRNA、IL-1β mRNA、TNF-α mRNA表达增加，可能与MM细胞的存活、生长、耐药及疾病复发密切相关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞修复椎动脉型颈椎病的血管损伤

背景：炎症刺激是椎动脉型颈椎病发病的重要因素,骨髓间充质干细胞具有很强的免疫调节作用,能有效抑制炎症,具有治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的潜能。 目的：探讨椎动脉型颈椎病血管损伤机制及骨髓间充质干细胞的治疗作用。 方法：40只日本大耳兔随机分为4组：空白组不作任何处理;模型组、丹参酮组、干细胞组采用硬化剂注射法制作椎动脉型颈椎病模型。造模24 h后,空白组,模型组不进行干预,丹参酮组和干细胞组经耳缘静脉注射丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠溶液10 mL和骨髓间充质干细胞混悬液10 mL,干预2周后取材。 结果与结论：与模型组相比,干细胞组管壁中膜平滑肌细胞肥大增生明显受到抑制,血管内皮皱折较匀称;干细胞组与丹参酮组比较无明显差别。与模型组相比,干细胞组椎动脉血管cathepsin B、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α表达显著下降,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);模型组与丹参酮组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果可见炎症反应可能是椎动脉血管受到损伤的机制之一;骨髓间充质干细胞能有效抑制椎动脉血管炎症反应,修复受损椎动脉血管。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

先天性心脏病患儿骨髓单核细胞分离培养内皮祖细胞的实验研究

目的探索自先天性心脏病患儿骨髓单核细胞中分离培养内皮祖细胞的方法，期望为儿童组织工程血管、补片或带瓣管道的制备找到新的种子细胞来源。方法采集先天性心脏病患儿骨髓，梯度密度离心法分离单核细胞，内皮细胞培养液EGM-2培养，种植于提前包埋了纤维连接蛋白的培养皿进行体外扩增，取48h后贴壁细胞，应用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光技术鉴定内皮细胞系列标志：CD34、CD31、FLK-1、ve-Cadherin和Ⅷ因子。结果经过梯度密度离心和贴壁法选择的细胞表达内皮细胞特异性抗原：CD34、CD31、FLK-1、ve—Cadherin和Ⅷ因子。培养至第5代细胞形态基本相似，细胞总数可以达到10^8以上。结论自先天性心脏病患儿骨髓单核细胞中可以分离培养出内皮祖细胞并能体外扩增，可以作为先天性心脏病患儿构建组织工程血管的种子细胞来源。     

骨髓间充质干细胞参与A549肺腺癌的组织修复

背景：肿瘤被认为是一种特殊的不愈合创伤,骨髓间充质干细胞通过向肿瘤组织归巢和向间质成分分化,参与肿瘤间质重构,从而改变肿瘤微环境,影响肿瘤的生长和转移。 目的：在A549肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型上证实骨髓间充质干细胞参与其损伤修复,探讨骨髓间充质干细胞参与肿瘤组织修复的机制。 方法：体外分离、培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,使用流式细胞术鉴定,制造A549肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型。实验组采用瘤周注射人骨髓间充质干细胞,对照组注射等量PBS,对比观察动物生活情况,肿瘤生长大小。4周后取材,苏木精-伊红染色对比观察肿瘤组织,Masson染色对比胶原纤维含量,RT-PCR检测两组α平滑肌收缩蛋白的表达,免疫组织化学检测两组成纤维细胞特异蛋白、成纤维细胞活化蛋白的表达情况,反映两组肿瘤组织的间质纤维的程度。免疫组织化学方法对比两组中血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素6、肌糖蛋白C的表达高低。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞促进荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,实验组肿瘤组织生长速度明显快于对照组(P < 0.05)。RT-PCR检测α平滑肌收缩蛋白的表达：与对照组比较,实验组α平滑肌收缩蛋白 mRNA的表达水平显著升高。免疫组织化学方法检测实验组肿瘤组织中TAFs标志物：成纤维细胞特异蛋白、成纤维细胞活化蛋白的表达,IHC检测血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素6、肌糖蛋白C的表达明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。说明骨髓间充质干细胞在肿瘤微环境中向成纤维细胞方向分化,参与肿瘤间质的形成和构建,分泌血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素6、肌糖蛋白C等促进肿瘤的生长修复。     

大鼠骨髓与外周血来源内皮祖细胞生物学特性比较

背景：内皮祖细胞不仅参与胚胎血管生成,也参与出生后血管发生和血管内膜损伤后修复,对治疗缺血性疾病意义重大,但目前对内皮祖细胞的分离、培养、鉴定还存在争议。 目的：体外分离、培养大鼠骨髓与外周血来源的内皮祖细胞,并比较其生物学特性。 方法：密度梯度离心法分离SD大鼠骨髓和外周血单个核细胞,接种于纤维连接蛋白铺被的培养瓶中贴壁培养,用加入血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子及表皮生长因子的完全培养基诱导培养,对获得的贴壁细胞进行细胞形态学,免疫细胞化学染色,流式细胞仪,透射电镜,以及Dil-acLDL、FITC-UEA-1双荧光染色法检测。 结果与结论：骨髓来源的内皮祖细胞数量多,集落状生长,增殖能力强;外周血来源的内皮祖细胞数量较少,散在生长,消化后能贴壁但不能传代。两种不同来源的内皮祖细胞免疫细胞化学检测贴壁细胞CD133、CD34、Flk-1、Ⅷ因子在不同时段呈阳性表达;激光共聚焦显微镜观察,Dil-acLDL、FITC-UEA-1均为双染。透射电镜检查外周血来源的内皮祖细胞发现W-P小体。提示大鼠骨髓和外周血均能分离培养出内皮祖细胞,但前者是早期内皮祖细胞,后者为晚期内皮祖细胞,两者生物学特性各不相同。     

骨形态发生蛋白4通过ERK/MAPK信号通路影响人脐静脉内皮细胞的成血管能力

目的 研究不同浓度的BMP-4对于脐静脉内皮细胞体外成血管能力的影响并对其作用机制做初步探讨.方法 BrdU参入法检测细胞增殖情况,划痕实验检测细胞迁移情况,基质胶法检测细胞体外成血管能力,Western blot 检测phospho ERK1/2表达情况.结果 BMP-4在低浓度时具有抑制HUVEC的增殖,迁移和成血管,然而随着BMP-4浓度的升高,这种抑制作用逐渐减弱,并有恢复至正常水平的趋势.结论 不同浓度的BMP4对于HUVEC的增殖,迁移及成血管能力具有不同的影响,BMP-4可能是通过ERK/MAPK信号通路影响HUVEC成血管能力的.     

The effects of transmural pressure on prostacyclin release from porcine endocardial endothelial cells – comparison with vascular endothelial cells

 We assessed the effects of pressure on the release of prostacyclin (PGI₂) from cultured endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). EECs were harvested from the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) of porcine hearts, and VECs from pulmonary artery (PA), aorta (Ao) and coronary artery (CA). Confluent EECs and VECs were incubated for 30 min under various pressures (0, 50, 100, 150 mmHg) and PGI₂ release from each cell was measured. Pressure-induced PGI₂ release from LV-EECs was larger than that from RV-EECs. Pressure also increased PGI₂ release from both PA- and Ao-VECs, but not from CA-VECs. These findings suggest that endocardium can produce PGI₂ in response to pressure and PGI₂ released into the coronary blood from the ventricle may play an important role in the prevention of myocardial ischemia. Received: 13 August 1996 / Received after revision: 13 December 1996 / Accepted: 17 January 1997     

自体骨髓祖细胞移植对下肢动脉缺血导致创面中VE-钙黏附分子的影响

目的检测自体骨髓祖细胞移植前后下肢创面中VE-钙黏附分子的变化特性，对自体骨髓祖细胞移植治疗下肢动脉缺血导致创面进行机理探讨，为临床的治疗提供依据。方法2003年6月至2006年8月对199例下肢动脉缺血导致创面的患者采用超声彩色多普勒和选择性血管造影进行检查是否存在下肢动脉的缺血，97例患者行自体骨髓祖细胞移植治疗，应用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫荧光染色等技术检测检测移植前和后1周、2周、1月、2月和3月下肢创面中VE-钙黏附分子mRNA和蛋白质的变化。结果（1）超声彩色多普勒检查结果：阳性结果173例（阳性率87％，173／199），其中完全闭塞者40例（23％，40／173），重度狭窄者64例（37％，64／173），中度狭窄者69例（40％，69／173）；（2）199例患者中行选择性血管造影者169例，阳性结果为128例（76％，128／169），其中髂总动脉＋髂外动脉＋股动脉闭塞或狭窄者15例（12％，15／128），髂外动脉＋股动脉闭塞或狭窄者31例（24％，31／128），股动脉＋胭动脉闭塞或狭窄者45例（35％，45／128），胭动脉下动脉血管闭塞或狭窄者37例（29％，37／128）；（3）199例患者中，应用自体骨髓祖细胞移植的患者97例（48％，97／199），和同程度未行自体骨髓祖细胞移植的患者比较创面愈合时间平均缩短28±3天（P〈0．05）；（4）自体骨髓祖细胞移植后1周到1月VE-钙黏附分子的mRNA和蛋白质表达呈缓慢增长趋势，移植后2月到3月为明显表达增加趋势。结论自体骨髓祖细胞的移植可以促进下肢动脉缺血导致溃疡创面的愈合，VE-钙黏附分子的表达在新生的血管形成和侧枝循环的形成中起关键的作用。     

Effect of palmitic acid and linoleic acid on expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMECs)

Introduction

The amount and type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet influence the risk of atherosclerosis. Palmitic acid and linoleic acid exist at high levels in Iranian edible oils. In this study, we investigated the effect of palmitic acid and linoleic acid on expression of soluble and cell-associated forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMECs).

Material and methods

The endothelial cells were induced with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and thereafter incubated with palmitic or linoleic acid. The level of soluble and cell-associated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were analyzed using ELISA and western blot.

Results

Our findings indicated that palmitic acid up-regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HBMECs when these cells are induced with TNF-α or LPS. In addition, the results suggest that linoleic acid could sustain up-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in activated endothelial cells.

Conclusions

Chronic activation of endothelial cells in the presence of palmitic and linoleic may account for pathogenesis of cardiovascular events. These findings provide further support for the detrimental effects of these fatty acids, especially palmitic acid, in promotion and induction of cardiovascular diseases which are prevalent in the Iranian population.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞复合人脐静脉内皮细胞构建预血管化成骨细胞膜片

背景:如何使工程化骨组织移植后能够成活并发挥功能,前提条件是必须含有充足有效的血液供应,而这也正是工程化组织应用于临床的主要障碍之一。目的:探索新的体外构建血管网络的方法以解决工程化骨组织预血管化的问题。方法:人骨髓间充质干细胞以9×10^4/cm^2高密度接种,经成骨诱导连续培养14 d形成细胞膜片,镜下观察细胞形貌,并进行碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红染色。然后将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞以5×10^4/cm^2密度接种到上述细胞膜片上,继续培养至7 d。通过镜下观察、CD31免疫荧光染色、Ⅰ型胶原免疫荧光染色评估血管网形成情况及膜片特性。结果与结论:①经连续培养可获得完整的成骨诱导细胞膜片,茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性;②倒置相差显微镜观察发现人脐静脉内皮细胞接种在成骨诱导细胞膜片上逐渐重排,CD31染色显示进行性管腔形成;③接种人脐静脉内皮细胞后构建的预血管化成骨诱导细胞膜片Ⅰ型胶原染色阳性;④结果表明,经成骨诱导后可形成具有成骨特性的细胞膜片,将人脐静脉内皮细胞培养在该膜片上可体外形成预血管化成骨细胞膜片,为优化构建预血管化的骨组织提供了新的理论指导。     

联合应用血管内皮生长因子及血小板衍生生长因子BB干预骨髓间充质干细胞的血管化及增殖能力

背景：组织工程骨为修复极限骨缺损提供了新的选择,但只有先形成完善的功能性血管网,保证稳定的成骨和骨整合,才能取得良好的治疗效果。因此,血管化可以说是组织工程骨面临的最大挑战与难题。 目的：探讨体外联合应用血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和血小板衍生生长因子BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖和成血管能力的影响。 方法：体外分离培养SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,分别用不同质量浓度VEGF(20,40,60,80,100,120 μg/L)、PDGF-BB(20,40,60,80,100,120 μg/L)联合干预以及100 μg/L VEGF单独干预、100 μg/L PDGF-BB单独干预,CCK-8实验检测2种细胞因子促进细胞增殖的最佳质量浓度,然后在第7天和第14天通过RT-PCR方法检测血管生成素1、缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子等相关成血管基因的表达量。 结果与结论：①加入生长因子后,细胞增殖能力明显提高,联合作用效果更优,最佳组合为80 μg/L VEGF+   80 μg/L PDGF-BB;②VEGF、PDGF-BB都可以促进血管生成素1、缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子和胰岛素样生长因子的mRNA表达,联合应用时效果最佳;③缺氧诱导因子1α、肝细胞生长因子 mRNA表达随时间延长有所升高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);而血管生成素1、胰岛素样生长因子 mRNA表达量随时间延长有所降低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④体外实验结果证明,当VEGF和PDGF-BB质量浓度均为80 μg/L时,能够持续稳定促进整个血管形成过程,且促进作用优于单独一种生长因子。ORCID: 0000-0003-1918-579X(何惠宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

大鼠骨髓和外周血早晚期内皮祖细胞的分离培养和鉴定

背景：旨在从大鼠外周血及骨髓中提取内皮祖细胞,培养晚期内皮祖细胞,为干细胞移植治疗或通过内皮祖细胞联合基因治疗使内皮祖细胞高表达血管新生诱导因子,达到促进缺血性脑血管病血管新生的目的。 目的：从大鼠骨髓及外周血中分离出内皮祖细胞并对其进行鉴定。 方法：使用密度梯度离心及贴壁筛选法从大鼠骨髓和外周血中分离获得单个核细胞,进行诱导培养,观察并记录贴壁细胞的生物学特征;选取内皮祖细胞特异性表面标志CD133、CD34、KDR对原代细胞进行免疫荧光检测,利用流式细胞学技术检测KDR、CD34表达,并通过吞噬功能实验进一步鉴定培养细胞。 结果与结论：大鼠骨髓和外周血能够分离获得早晚期内皮祖细胞;贴壁细胞免疫荧光检测CD34、CD133、KDR表达阳性;流式细胞学检测CD34、KDR表达阳性;贴壁细胞能够吞噬ac-LDL,结合UEA-1。实验成功从大鼠骨髓及外周血中分离出内皮祖细胞;并获得了增殖活性强的晚期内皮祖细胞,找到了更好的成血管干细胞的种子来源。     

Contribution of 4–1BBL on radioresistant cells in providing survival signals through 4–1BB expressed on CD8+ memory T cells in the bone marrow

The persistence of memory lymphocytes is a critical feature of adaptive immunity. The TNF family ligand 4–1BBL supports the antigen‐independent survival of CD8+ memory T cells. Here, we show that mice lacking 4–1BB only on αβ T cells show a similar defect in CD8+ T‐cell recall responses, as previously shown in 4–1BBL‐deficient mice. We show that 4–1BB is selectively expressed on BM CD8+ but not CD4 + memory T cells of unimmunized mice. Its ligand, 4–1BBL, is found on VCAM‐1+ stromal cells, CD11c+ cells, and a Gr1^lo myeloid population in unimmunized mice. Adoptive transfer of in vitro generated memory T cells into mice lacking 4–1BBL only on radioresistant cells recapitulates the defect in CD8 + T‐cell survival seen in the complete knockout mice, with smaller effects of 4–1BBL on hematopoietic cells. In BM, adoptively transferred DsRed CD8+ memory T cells are most often found in proximity to VCAM‐1+ cells or Gr1+ cells, followed by B220+ cells and to a much lesser extent near CD11c+ cells. Thus, a VCAM‐1+CD45^? stromal cell is a plausible candidate for the radioresistant cell that provides 4–1BBL to CD8+ memory T cells in the BM.     

骨髓造血干/祖细胞自身抗体与免疫相关性全血细胞减少

背景：免疫相关性全血细胞减少涉及多个临床学科,近年来受到高度重视。骨髓造血早期细胞自身抗体及免疫调节功能可能是其症结所在。 目的：分析骨髓造血早期(干/祖)细胞自身抗体在免疫相关性全血细胞减少症发病机制中的作用及其进展。 方法：由作者电子检索1992年3月至2012年3月PubMed、万方医学网以及CHKD数据库中关于骨髓造血细胞相关抗体的文章,中文检索词为“免疫相关性全血细胞减少症、骨髓造血细胞、自身抗体、辅助性T细胞17”,英文检索词为“Immunorelated pancytopenia,Bone marrow hematopoietic cells,Autoantibody,Th17 cells”。排除重复性研究共保留30篇进行总结分析。 结果与结论：骨髓造血细胞自身抗体是由于T淋巴细胞调控失衡,导致B淋巴细胞及其亚群数量和功能异常而产生的一类抗体。它破坏或抑制骨髓早期造血细胞成熟分化,最终引起外周血细胞减少而致病。T辅助细胞17细胞数量增多、功能亢进可能与免疫相关性全血细胞减少症患者自身抗体产生呈一定相关性,是免疫相关性全血细胞减少症发病的重要因素。     

Inhibited anabolic effect of insulin‐like growth factor‐I on stromal bone marrow cells in endothelial nitric oxide synthase‐knockout mice

Aims: Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) are hormones that have anabolic effects on bone formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether production of nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the effect of IGF‐I and PTH/PTHrP on osteoblast‐like cells. Methods: Bone marrow stromal cells from adult endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐knockout (eNOSKO) mice and wild type (WT) counterparts were cultivated with osteogenic substances. The cells showed an osteoblastic phenotype measured as osteocalcin production and alkaline phosphatase activity. DNA synthesis was measured as [³H] thymidine incorporation in the bone marrow cells and in a human osteosarcoma cell‐line (SaOS‐2). Results: The stimulatory effect of IGF‐I on thymidine incorporation seen in WT animals was absent in eNOSKO mice. Addition of a NO donor to eNOSKO cells recovered the effect of IGF‐I on thymidine incorporation. PTH/PTHrP stimulated cell proliferation in both WT and eNOSKO mice. In SaOS‐2 cells, incubation with IGF‐I together with a NOS inhibitor resulted in an inhibition of the anabolic effect of IGF‐I on cell proliferation. Conclusions: The stimulatory effect of IGF‐I on WT cell proliferation was abolished in eNOSKO cells, recovered by an NO donor and inhibited in osteosarcoma cells by a NOS inhibitor. The results indicate that the effect of IGF‐I is dependent on NO production. The impaired IGF‐I response may contribute to the bone defect formation seen in eNOSKO animals.