规化形状因子新概念及测算方法研究

本文提出基于椭圆形状的描述平面粒子形状不规则（或规则）程度的规化形状因子新概念及计算方法。定义在平面上粒子形状与同其长、短轴相同椭圆的接近程度为规化形状因子（ＲＦＦ），导出以下计算式：ＲＦＦ＝Ａ［３（ｄ１＋ｄ２）－２√（ｄ１·ｄ２）］／（ｄ１·ｄ２·Ｃ），或ＲＦＦ＝Ａ［１５（ａ＋ｂ）－√（ａ·ｂ］／（ａ·ｂ·Ｃ）。式中Ａ、Ｃ、ｄ１、ｄ２分别为平面上粒子的面积、周长、长轴和短轴，ａ＝ｄ１／２，ｂ＝ｄ２／２。粒子形状为椭圆或圆时，ＲＦＦ＝１；粒子形状不规则时，ＲＦＦ＜１；粒子形状越接近椭圆或圆，则ＲＦＦ越接近１；粒子形状越不规则；则ＲＦＦ越小。对测算误差进行了分析，并导出有关校正式，举例说明了有关测算方法。     

曲线上线参照数密度及测算方法探讨

本文探讨了用交点计数和粒子计数测试曲线上粒子的线参照数密度（线性结构单位长度上所含Ｘ相粒子的数量，用ＮＬＳ表示）的方法。导出线参照数密度ＮＬＳ与Ｘ相粒子在线性结构上的数量ＮＸ和测试线与所测曲线的交点数Ｉ之间的关系，即：ＮＬＳ＝２ＮＸｌｐ／（ａＩ）。式中，ｌｐ为每个测试点所代表的测试线长度，ａ为每个测试点所代表的测试面积。给出了对收缩结构ＮＬＳ的校正方法，举例分析了测试误差。对误差来源及大小进行了理论分析；在此基础上分析了对测试网格的密度要求及设计步骤。对ＮＬＳ的应用和测算与须注意的问题进行了讨论。     

DDP,5Fu／CF加干扰素治疗晚期鼻咽癌的初步报告

目的：评价ＤＤＰ＋５Ｆｕ／ＣＦ＋ＩＮ（干扰素）方案治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒性反应。方法：本文采用ＤＤＰ＋５Ｆｕ／ＣＦ＝ＩＮＦ（ＤＤＰ２０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２×５，５Ｆｕ３００ｍｇ－４００ｍｇ／ｍ＾２×５，ＩＮＦ３×１０＾６Ｕ×３）方案共治疗晚期鼻咽癌２６例；结果：２５例可评价儿，总有效率（ＣＲ＋ＰＲ）８０％（２０／２５），ＣＲ率１２％，中位缓解期４．８月（２－１２月）。在放疗和／七化疗后复发转移的２１例中     

PML和PML—RARα反义寡聚核苷酸对急性早幼髓性白血病细胞NB4？…

目的 比较抗早幼粒细胞白血病（ｐｒｏｍｙｅｌｏｃｙｌｉｃ ｌｅｕｋｅｍｉａ,ＰＭＬ）基因反义核酸（ＳＴＡＳ）和ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα反义核酸（ＦＵＡＳ）对ＮＢ４细胞生长、细胞生长、ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲμ ｍＲＮＡ表达汲ＰＭＬ／ＰＭＬ ＲＡＲα维素半固体培养、ＰＲ－ＰＣＲ法、免疫荧光等技术进行研究。结果 ＳＴＡＳ组,ＦＵＡＳ组明显抑制ＮＢ４细胞增殖和白血病细胞集落（ＡＭＬ＝ＣＦＵ）形成;处理后第５天可见细胞部分     

西妥昔单抗联合卡培他滨和顺铂一线治疗晚期胃癌及相关预测因子的研究

目的：对西妥昔单抗联合卡培他滨和顺铂一线治疗晚期胃癌的有效性和安全性以及疗效相关生物标志进行研究。方法：对符合入组标准的５２例晚期胃癌患者予以西妥昔单抗联合化疗,具体用法：西妥昔单抗起始剂量４００ｍｇ／ｍ２,静滴,第１天,随后每周２５０ｍｇ／ｍ²;顺铂８０ｍｇ／ｍ^２,静滴,第１天;卡培他滨２ ０００ｍｇ／（ｍ^２·ｄ）,分早、晚口服,第１～１４天,２１天为１个周期。采用ＲＥＣＩＳＴ标准评价疗效。同时对ＥＧＦＲ基因拷贝数与表达、血清ＴＧＦ-α与ＥＧＦ表达、Ｋ-ｒａｓ突变等生物标志进行检测分析,并对临床疗效和不良反应进行相关性分析。结果：５２例患者中,４７例可评价疗效,有效率为５３.２％,疾病控制率８５.１％,中位疾病进展时间（ＴＴＰ）５.２３个月。出现０～１级与２～３级皮疹患者有效率分别为４０.０％和７６.５％（Ｐ＝０.０１６）,其ＴＴＰ分别为３.６个月和６.５个月（Ｐ＝０００６）。４例ＥＧＦＲ基因扩增者中３例ＰＲ,１例ＳＤ。ＰＲ＋ＣＲ组患者血清ＴＧＦ-α明显高于ＳＤ＋ＰＤ组（３６.６ｎｇ／Ｌｖｓ．２６.０ｎｇ／Ｌ,Ｐ＝０.０４８）,ＴＧＦ-α高表达患者ＴＴＰ较低表达长（６.１个月ｖｓ.２.７个月,Ｐ＝０.０４４）。ＥＧＦ高表达患者ＴＴＰ较低表达长（５.９个月ｖｓ.２.９个月,Ｐ＝０.０５０）。ＥＧＦＲ高表达与重度皮疹相关（Ｐ＝０.００１）。检测４９例患者均未发现Ｋ-ｒａｓ突变。结论：西妥昔单抗联合卡培他滨和顺铂方案一线治疗晚期胃癌疗效及耐受性良好;ＥＧＦＲ基因拷贝数、血清ＥＧＦ及ＴＧＦ-α可能是预测本方案治疗获益的生物标志。     

肺癌患者血清sIL－2R和TNF－α的检测及其临床意义

分析了７３例原发性肺癌患者治疗前后（手术切除１６例，放疗２８例，化疗２９例）血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α的变化。结果表明：（１）ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α均显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），肿瘤越晚期升高越明显（Ｐ＜０．００１）；（２）治疗后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α都明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）．但各治疗组下降程度不同，放、化疗组比手术切除组下降更显著；（３）ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α在肺癌病人呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３４），机理不明。结果提示，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α可作为肺癌患者免疫功能的监测指标之一，并可作为疗效判断的参考。     

重组干扰素α—2b治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的作用

目的为验证干扰素α－２ｂ治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的疗效和毒性,用重组干扰素α－２ｂ（ｒ－ＩＦＮα－２ｂ）治疗恶性肿瘤１０２例。方法采用ｒ－ＩＮＦα－２ｂ肌肉注射,每周２次,第１周３×１０６ＩＵ／次;第２周６×１０６ＩＵ／次;第３～８周９×１０６ＩＵ／次。结果９０例可评价疗效的患者中,总有效率为１６．７％（１５／９０）,其中肾癌的有效率为１０．８％（４／３７,２例ＣＲ,２例ＰＲ）,恶性黑色素瘤的有效率为１４．３％（４／２８,４例ＰＲ）,恶性淋巴瘤的有效率为４／８（４例ＰＲ）,乳腺癌的有效率为３／１５（３例ＰＲ）,２例多发性骨髓瘤均无效。ＣＲ患者的中位缓解期为４０个月,而ＰＲ患者的中位缓解期只有４．８个月。主要不良反应为流感样症状,胃肠道反应和较轻微骨髓抑制。结论ｒ－ＩＦＮα－２ｂ具有一定抗肿瘤活性,可以将其作为第二线药物治疗肾癌、黑色素瘤及恶性淋巴瘤。     

微血管计数与直肠癌临床病理特点和预后关系的探讨

我们对９６例直肠癌标本的微血管数进行了检测,探讨与临床病理特点及预后的关系,现报道如下。１材料与方法１．１研究材料 收集我院１９９０年至１９９５年有随访结果的直肠癌手术标本９６例,其中男５０例,女４６例。平均年龄５２．８岁（Ｉ７～８３岁）。随访至１９９９年８月。１．２试剂和方法 鼠拉人第Ⅷ因子相关抗原（Ｆ８－ＲＡ）抗体（１／７０）、生物素标记的羊抗鼠ＩｇＣ（１／１００）,均购自北京中山生物技术有限公司。微血管染色采用Ｆ８－ＲＡ ＳＰ免疫组化法,每次用 ０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ（ｐＨ值为 ７．４）替代…     

CM—CSF及IL—4增强树突状细胞免疫功能

目的 探讨粒／巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）及白介素－４（ＩＬ－４）对正常成人及大肠癌患者树突状细胞（ＤＣ）表现人白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）－ＤＲ及Ｂ７等免疫分子表达及其免疫功能的影响。方法 分离正常成人（ｎ＝１０）及大肠癌患者（ｎ＝１０）外周血ＤＣ,以ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激正常成人及大肠癌者ＤＣ,检测ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ及ＩＬ－４联合刺激前后ＤＣ表现ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及Ｂ７表达水平及ＤＣ免疫功能变化。     

共刺激因子B7和LFA3对人外周T细胞增殖和IL—2产生的效应

目的 观察不同的共刺激因子在抗原提呈细胞存在情况下，地人外周Ｔ细胞的增殖反应及ＩＬ－２产生作用。方法 用选择性淘洗法经人外周Ｔ细胞，以葡萄球菌肠毒素Ａ（ＳＥＡ）为抗原，在体外培养的纯化Ｔ细胞中（１０＾６／ｍｌ）加入１０＾５／ｍｌ用ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４，Ｂ７，ＴＬＦＡ５单纯，双重或天重转染的人仓鼠卵巢细胞（ＣＨＯ）作为抗原提呈细胞（分别用ＣＨＯ－ＤＲ４、ＣＨＯ－ＤＲ４／ＬＦＡ３，ＣＨＯ－ＤＲ４／Ｂ７，ＣＨ     

血小板计数在判断初诊乳腺癌患者预后中的意义

目的:研究血小板计数在判断初诊乳腺癌患者预后中的意义。方法:回顾性分析68例乳腺癌患者初诊时的血小板计数及其他临床信息,采用SPSS 16.0对血小板计数与其他临床资料之间的相关性进行分析。结果:68例乳腺癌患者中,Ⅰ期10例、Ⅱ期22例、Ⅲ期18例、Ⅳ18例,淋巴结转移33例、远处转移18例。3年生存率39.71%,5年生存率19.11%,单因素分析、t检验及相关性分析表明血小板计数与生存之间存在相关性（r=-0.597,P＜0.01）;血小板计数与临床分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移之间均有相关性（P＜0.01）。雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）状态以及发病年龄与患者的生存时间之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论:初诊乳腺癌患者血小板的增高与其生存时间之间呈负相关性,血小板计数的增高对初诊患者不良预后有预测作用。     

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity,lymphocyte count,and blood tests in patients with breast carcinoma

General immunocompetence was examined in 125 patients with various stages of breast cancer. Tests include peripheral blood lymphocyte count, serum protein electrophoresis, quantitative immunoglobulins, CEA level, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) reaction to six recall antigens (PPD, Monilia, mumps, Varidase, histoplasmin, and coccidioidin). About one third of the patients responded positively to each of the first four antigens, whereas 12% reacted to histoplasmin and 4% to coccidioidin. In this study, DCH to recall antigens had no prognostic value because the distributions of skin test reactivity were similar among patients with different stages of breast carcinoma. And among patients with similar stage of disease the relapse rates were similar for those who reacted and those who were anergic. But peripheral lymphocyte count had definite prognostic value because patients with advanced stage (group III/IV) and those who were anergic had significantly lower lymphocyte counts. Among patients with relatively early stages of breast carcinoma (group I/II), those who had higher lymphocyte count (≧ 2,000/mm³) had lower chance of having relapse up to 5 years after mastectomy.     

Preoperative lymphocyte count is an independent prognostic factor in node-negative non-small cell lung cancer

A number of prognostic factors have been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although lymph node metastasis is the most poorly predictive value in completely resected NSCLC, a significant number of patients have a fatal recurrence even in node-negative curative NSCLC. Recently inflammatory response has been shown as a predictive value in NSCLC. Neutrophils and lymphocytes play an important role in cancer immune response. In this study, we retrospectively examined the impact of preoperative peripheral neutrophil and lymphocyte counts on survival, and investigated the relationships of these factors to clinicopathological factors in node-negative NSCLC. A total 237 patients were evaluated. When the cut-off value of neutrophil count was 4500 mm⁻³ with a maximum log-rank statistical value, overall 5-year survival rates were 79.7% for the low-neutrophil-count group and 69.5% for the high-neutrophil-count group (P = 0.04). When the cut-off value of lymphocyte count was 1900 mm⁻³ with a maximum log-rank statistical value, overall survival rates were 67.9% for the low-lymphocyte group and 87.7% for the high-lymphocyte group (P < 0.001). High-neutrophil-counts were associated with tumor size (P = 0.002) and pleural invasion (P < 0.001). Low-lymphocyte-counts were correlated with vascular invasion (P = 0.018) and recurrence of NSCLC (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that the lymphocyte count was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 3.842; 95% confidence interval: 1.827-8.078; P < 0.001), but the neutrophil count was not (P = 0.185). We conclude that a peripheral lymphocyte count, which is associated with vascular invasion, is an independent prognostic factor in node-negative NCSLC.     

淋巴细胞绝对计数与多发性骨髓预后的相关性分析

  目的  探讨淋巴细胞绝对计数与多发性骨髓瘤患者疾病进展和预后的相关性。  方法  收集102例初发多发性骨髓瘤患者的淋巴细胞绝对计数及各项临床指标,分析淋巴细胞绝对计数与多发性骨髓瘤患者疾病进展和预后的相关性。  结果  根据中位淋巴细胞绝对计数分组后得出,组1（淋巴细胞绝对计数＞1.51×109/L）发病年龄、血清乳酸脱氢酶和β2-微球蛋白明显低于组2（淋巴细胞绝对计数 < 1.51×109/L）,组1患者中位总生存期大于组2（P < 0.05）。但两组患者性别、白蛋白、D-S分期、ISS分期、分组和疗效差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。  结论  初发时淋巴细胞绝对计数高的患者预后较好,淋巴细胞绝对计数低的患者预后较差。推测淋巴细胞绝对计数可能成为多发性骨髓瘤的独立预后因素之一。      

急性白血病出血与血小板计数的相关性研究进展

 出血是急性白血病（AL）的常见症状,与血小板计数密切相关。从血小板数量在止血中的作用、AL预防性输注血小板是否必要、各阈值时出血危险的比较及干细胞移植时出血与血小板计数的关系等方面综述了AL（M3除外）出血与血小板计数的相关性及研究进展。     

血小板计数与胃癌分期及预后的关系(英文)

Objective:The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between gastric cancer stage, prognosis and blood platelets count. Methods: Platelet (PLT) count was analyzed retrospectively in 203 patients with gastric cancer from 1998 to 2002. The survivals of gastric cancer were compared between normal PLT group and thrombocytosis group. Results: Among 203 cases, PLT increased in 21 cases. The average platelet counts of patients at different stages had statistically significant differences (P<0.01)....     

Microvessel count, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 indices in gastric adenocarcinoma

The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the prognostic value of neovascularization (expressed as microvessel count-MVC) and tumor cell proliferation (expressed as PCNA labeling index PLI and Ki-67 labeling index KLI) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Correlations with clinicopathologic features were also evaluated. Tumor specimens from 74 patients diagnosed as gastric adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections stained immunohistochemically with F-VIII, PC10 and MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies. By ocular grid subdivided into 100 areas, number of microvessels and PC10, MIB-1 positive and negative cells were counted at x400 magnification. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that, MVC and PLI had a significant correlation with invasion and lymph node metastasis. The prognosis was significantly worse in patients with high MVC (>14 ) and with high PLI (>49%). However any relationship was not observed between KLI (38%) and clinicopathologic parameters, so KLI failed to predict the prognosis. Cox model showed that, MVC and PLI were independent prognostic variables. Ki-67 labeling index in gastric carcinomas has no prognostic relevance. However, the evaluation of microvessel count and proliferating cell nuclear antigen index in gastric carcinomas could be reliable indicators of prognosis.     

Leukocyte count as a predictor of death during remission induction in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presenting with a high leukocyte count has been associated with an increase in induction mortality and poor results in a number of other survival measures. However, the level at which an elevated leukocyte count has prognostic significance in AML remains unclear. In this report on a series of 375 adult (non-M3) AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy at a single institution, leukocyte count analyzed as a continuous variable is shown to be a better predictor of induction death (ID) and overall survival (OS) than a leukocyte count of ≥100×10⁹/L, a value characteristically associated with “hyperleukocytosis” (HL). In this patient cohort, a presenting leukocyte count of ≥30×10⁹/L had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting ID, and both performance status (PS) and leukocyte count more accurately predicted for ID than age. Considering these parameters in newly-diagnosed AML patients may facilitate the development of strategies for reducing induction mortality.     

Prognostic significance of axillary lymph node micrometastases and microvessel count in breast cancer

Objective To investigate the influence of axillary lymph node micrometastases and the microvessel count on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Methods Forty-eight patients with breast cancer, who had no tumor cells in their regional lymph nodes based on conventional histopathologic examination, were re -examined with immunohistochemical LSAB techniques. H&E, anti-EMA, CK 19 and FVIII factor staining was used to identify tumor cells in both lymph nodes and tumor tissues and to count the mtcrovessels. A total of 882 lymph nodes were examined. Results Immunostaining-positive tumor cells were found in 9.0 %( 79/882) of the dissected lymph nodes. The positive rates were not significantly different between a surviving group and a deceased group (P>0.05). The microvessel count was significantly higher in group that had died (P<0.001). Conclusion The lymph node micrometastases did not show any correlation with patients’ survival, but the microvessel density had a negative correlation with the survival period in breast cancer patients who had negative axillary lymph nodes.     

Prognostic Significance of Axillary Lymph Node Micrometastases and Microvessel Count in Breast Cancer

Objective  To investigate the influence of axillary lymph node micrometastases and the microvessel count on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Methods  Forty-eight patients with breast cancer, who had no tumor cells in their regional lymph nodes based on conventional histopathologic examination, were re -examined with immunohistochemical LSAB techniques. H&E, anti-EMA, CK 19 and FVIII factor staining was used to identify tumor cells in both lymph nodes and tumor tissues and to count the mtcrovessels. A total of 882 lymph nodes were examined. Results  Immunostaining-positive tumor cells were found in 9.0 %( 79/882) of the dissected lymph nodes. The positive rates were not significantly different between a surviving group and a deceased group (P>0.05). The microvessel count was significantly higher in group that had died (P<0.001). Conclusion  The lymph node micrometastases did not show any correlation with patients’ survival, but the microvessel density had a negative correlation with the survival period in breast cancer patients who had negative axillary lymph nodes.