影响医院信息系统建设的主要因素及其对策

医院信息系统 (ＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ—ＨＩＳ)建设是医院建设的一个重要方面 ,是实现医院科学管理和运行的支撑环境。目前国内各大医院都非常重视ＨＩＳ的建设 ,正在投入资金建设新系统或对旧系统进行改造。但由于许多医院对ＨＩＳ的认识不够 ,而出现一次又一次地交“学费”的现象。笔者根据本院ＨＩＳ建设的体会 ,对当前ＨＩＳ建设的主要影响因素谈一些粗浅的认识 ,与同道们一起切磋。1　ＨＩＳ建设的主要影响因素1.1　在观念上对建设ＨＩＳ的重要性认识不足。几乎所有医院的领导者对加强大型医疗设备购置…     

PACS与HIS／RIS集成及其在我国实现的相关问题

１概述１１医院信息系统（ＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ,ＨＩＳ）及放射信息系统（ＲＩＳ,ＲａｄｉｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ）目前普遍接受的一个ＨＩＳ概念就是“ＨＩＳ是在医院的相关事务中用计算机和通讯设备来收集、存...     

医院信息系统建设中若干问题的探讨

对医院信息系统（ＨＩＳ）建设中若干关键总是进行了探讨，认为分阶段实现ＨＩＳ是一个明知的选择，建议ＨＩＳ采用以ＰＣ机和工作站为工作平台，以ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＮＴ为操作系统的系统结构，推荐选用Ｓｙｂａｓｅ数据库及使用ＰｏｗｅｒＢｕｉｌｄｅｒ作为数据库的前端开发工具。     

我国医院信息系统现状及原因分析

医院信息系统 (ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＨＩＳ)是利用计算机及其网络通信设备和技术 ,对医院内外的相关信息进行自动收集、处理、存储、传输和利用 ,为临床、教学、科研和管理服务的应用信息系统 ,主要由以病人为中心的临床信息系统 (ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｉｎｆｏｒ ｍａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＣＩＳ)、以医院为中心的管理信息系统(ｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＨＭＩＳ)和以知识为中心的医学文献服务信息系统组成[1,2 ] 。在我国 ,ＨＩＳ的建设已有十多个年头 ,…     

医院信息系统建设要与医院改革相适应

当前国际ＨＩＳ(ＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＨＩＳ)理念已经从传统的医院管理信息系统进化到管理信息与临床信息系统 (ＣＩＳ)结合 ,以病人为信息流核心 ,管理和医疗信息贯通 ,便捷高效 ,网络化和多媒体化。ＨＩＳ建设的成功需要以医疗体制改革为先导 ,包括电子医疗文件的合法化、医疗行为和医院管理模式规范化、医院信息流程合理化和ＨＩＳ建设的专业化。一、电子医疗文件合法化医疗文件电子化是现代ＨＩＳ最显著的特征之一。目前医疗文件的规定是 :处方必须手工签名 ,公费病人必须用特定的双处方 ,门诊病历和…     

台湾医院信息系统发展情况

台湾医院信息系统（ＨＩＳ）建设起步于８０年代，目前９０％以上的医院使用计算机管理，积累了大量的经验教训。台湾的医院运行和管理模式与我们十分相似，因而ＨＩＳ的结构与功能比较适合我们的情况，借鉴他们的经验，对我们开发建设和管理大型ＨＩＳ十分有益。近期，我...     

广东医院信息系统建设的现状 模式与技术取向

医院信息系统 (ＨＩＳ)是利用计算机及网络通信科学技术 ,为医院及有关部门提供病人医疗信息 (或个人健康信息 )、医院财务核算分析信息、行政管理信息、运营决策信息 ,并具有卫生统计 ,信息存储、处理、发布和医院局域网与广域网数据通讯能力 ,能满足各种授权用户对医院信息需求的计算机应用系统。由此可见 ,ＨＩＳ的任务、对象除医院本身外 ,还涉及到与人类健康信息相关的信息。ＨＩＳ是公认的目前世界上已建立的企业级信息系统中最为繁杂的一类。ＨＩＳ的发展往往取决于计算机和网络通信技术进步 ,社会经济发展和需求。近几年来 ,我省医…     

医院信息系统建设中的若干问题

医院信息系统建设中的若干问题畅小琴赵学林郭晋峰赵顺田付梅琴田园康巨瀛随着计算机技术的飞速发展、医院自身管理及社会主义市场经济的要求，许多大中型医院都在投入资金建设和改造自己的医院信息系统（ＨＩＳ）。由于计算机系统的建设有别于购买医疗设备或建造一座大楼...     

医院管理信息系统建设与失败原因分析

医院信息系统（ＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍ即ＨＩＳ）是利用电子计算机对医院所属各部门提供病人诊疗信息和进行行政管理信息的收集、存贮、处理、提取和数据交换,并满足所有授权用户的功能需求。由于医疗行业的特殊性决定了ＨＩＳ不仅要具备一...     

对发展我国HIS技术市场的调研与思考

为规范我国ＨＩＳ市场的发展提供决策参考,对医院信息系统开发市场及行业发展的整体情况进行调开,综合调查结果显示：全国的ＨＩＳ发展情况基本处在同一水平,整个ＨＩＳ产品正处于更新换代阶段,市场竞争激烈。对此,建议从整体上强调政府宏观指导,利用市场规律,主张强强联合,注重对国有资产设备的调配和充分利用,加强企业内部管理是ＨＩＳ成功的基本保证。     

The relationship between health information sources and mental models of cancer: findings from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey

This study used data from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey, a national sample of U.S. households (N?=?5,586), to (1) explore the extent to which specific sources of health information are associated with certain beliefs about cancer; and (2) examine whether the relationship between health information sources and beliefs about cancer is moderated by psychological distress. Health information on the local news was associated with greater ambiguity about cancer prevention recommendations (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46, p?相似文献   

Factors Affecting Comsumer's Usage of Health Information on the Internet

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify a gap between consumer characteristics and utilization of health information on the Internet. METHODS: A telephone survey of nationally representative samples was conducted using structured questionnaires, and 1,000 of the 1,189 responses obtained were included in our analysis. The following variables were included in the analysis as potential predictors of health information use on the Internet: predisposing factors such as gender, age, and education status; enabling factors such as region and monthly household income; consumer need for health information; and attitude to health. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between utilization rate and the potential predictors. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of consumers had obtained health information on the Internet over a one-year period. The utilization rates were higher for consumers who were young, educated, worked in the office setting, had higher incomes, wanted health information, and were able to use the Internet. The utilization rate was 5.35 times higher in the younger group (20-30 years) than in the elderly group (95% CI=2.21-12.97); 2.21 times higher for office workers than for manual workers (95% CI=1.16-4.20); 3.61 times higher for college graduates than for middle school graduates and below (95% CI=1.07-11.59); 1.99 times higher for people with monthly household incomes over 3,000,000 won than for those with monthly household incomes below 1,500,000 won (95% CI=1.01-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: There needs to be a paradigm shift, with consideration of not only Internet accessibility in the digital age, but also consumer ability and attitudes toward utilization of health information.     

静脉吸毒人群虚假联系信息对队列保持率影响的初步研究

目的在静脉吸毒人群队列研究现场通过6个月随访核实参加者个人联系信息真实性以探讨参加者提供虚假联系信息对队列保持率的影响.方法自2003年5月至6月在四川省西昌市以社区为基础的HIV阴性静脉吸毒人群队列研究6个月随访中,通过现场工作人员和种子调查进入队列的333名参加者个人联系信息真实情况.结果本次随访研究对象按约定期限完成回访的占73.3%(244/333).28.5%(95/333)的参加者在队列招募时提供虚假联系信息.提供虚假联系信息的参加者6个月回访率(44.2%)低于提供真实联系信息的参加者回访率(84.9%).在多因素Logistic回归模型分析中,发现个人联系信息真实性(OR,6.99;95% CI 4.05-12.07)和民族(OR,2.15;95%CI,1.24-3.75)对队列保持率有影响.结论需进一步研究静脉吸毒人群提供虚假个人联系信息的原因,分析其对队列保持率的影响.     

Enhancing prevention in primary care: are interventions targeted towards consumers’ and providers’ perceived needs?

Objective

To explore perceived barriers to the implementation of prevention guidelines, with a particular interest to perceived information needs from the point of view of health professionals and consumers.

Study Design

Focus group.

Setting and Participants

Eight focus groups were held in three Canadian cities: three with consumer, three with family physician, and two with primary care nurses.

Analysis

Inductive analysis based on transcribed interviews. The material was analysed by two of the investigators. Agreement on interpretation was checked independently by three other researchers on 10% of the material.

Results

Lack of motivation, discontinuity of care and lack of adequate remuneration were perceived as the strongest barriers to prevention implementation. Computerized information management systems were not perceived by physicians and nurses as strong facilitating factors. Consumers expressed strongly a need for information on non‐traditional preventive interventions. Physicians and nurses expressed a need for patient education material more than for practice guidelines. Research evidence was not considered as the first criteria to judge the value of preventive information.

Conclusions

Evidence‐based medicine has triggered a massive effort to develop technologies to support the dissemination of evidence‐based information on the assumption that poor access to such information is an important barrier to implementation of effective practices. Our results suggest that such an assumption may not be correct. Providing only evidence‐based information from the realm of traditional medicine will appear restrictive to most users, particularly to consumers, and may not be as valued as anticipated considering the expressed scepticism toward research evidence.

     

Sexual behavior, contraceptive practice, and reproductive health among Liberian adolescents

This paper reports on a survey that was aimed at obtaining information for use in designing programs to reduce the incidence of adolescent pregnancy in Liberia. The sample of 1,488 never-married adolescents aged 14-21 was divided into subgroups based on age, sex, student status, and (for non-students) level of education. Although 57-93 percent of respondents claimed to have received information on reproductive health, only 2-21 percent could identify the monthly fertile period. Thirty to 49 percent of females ages 14-17 years have sexual relations at least once a month; over 80 percent of female non-students ages 18-21 years are sexually active. Highest levels of current contraceptive use were reported for 18-21-year-old female students (51 percent). Never-use of contraception among sexually active respondents was 97 percent for 14-17-year-old non-student females with a low educational level. Insufficient information about family planning methods and inaccessibility were the main reasons cited for non-use. Half of females ages 14-21 years who are currently attending school have been pregnant, as have 67 percent of those not in school. These results indicate a substantial unmet need on the part of Liberian adolescents with respect to reproductive health knowledge, information, and access to contraceptive methods.     

Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles

BACKGROUND: Previous analyses derived the relative risk (RR) of dying as a result of low weight-for-age and calculated the proportion of child deaths worldwide attributable to underweight. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to examine whether the risk of dying because of underweight varies by cause of death and to estimate the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to underweight. DESIGN: Data were obtained from investigators of 10 cohort studies with both weight-for-age category (<-3 SDs, -3 to <-2 SDs, -2 to <-1 SD, and >-1 SD) and cause of death information. All 10 studies contributed information on weight-for-age and risk of diarrhea, pneumonia, and all-cause mortality; however, only 6 studies contributed information on deaths because of measles, and only 3 studies contributed information on deaths because of malaria or fever. With use of weighted random effects models, we related the log mortality rate by cause and anthropometric status in each study to derive cause-specific RRs of dying because of undernutrition. Prevalences of each weight-for-age category were obtained from analyses of 310 national nutrition surveys. With use of the RR and prevalence information, we then calculated the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to undernutrition. RESULTS: The RR of mortality because of low weight-for-age was elevated for each cause of death and for all-cause mortality. Overall, 52.5% of all deaths in young children were attributable to undernutrition, varying from 44.8% for deaths because of measles to 60.7% for deaths because of diarrhea. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of deaths in young children worldwide is attributable to low weight-for-age, and efforts to reduce malnutrition should be a policy priority.     

Enhancing health policymakers' information literacy knowledge and skill for policymaking on control of infectious diseases of poverty in Nigeria

Background

In Nigeria, one of the major challenges associated with evidence-to-policy link in the control of infectious diseases of poverty (IDP), is deficient information literacy knowledge and skill among policymakers. There is need for policymakers to acquire the skill to discover relevant information, accurately evaluate retrieved information and to apply it correctly.

Objectives

To use information literacy tool of International Network for Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) to enhance policymakers'' knowledge and skill for policymaking on control of IDP in Nigeria.

Methods

Modified "before and after" intervention study design was used in which outcomes were measured on target participants both before the intervention is implemented and after. This study was conducted in Ebonyi State, south-eastern Nigeria and participants were career health policy makers. A two-day health-policy information literacy training workshop was organized to enhance participants" information literacy capacity. Topics covered included: introduction to information literacy; defining information problem; searching for information online; evaluating information; science information; knowledge sharing interviews; and training skills.

Results

A total of 52 policymakers attended the workshop. The pre-workshop mean rating (MNR) of knowledge and capacity for information literacy ranged from 2.15-2.97, while the post-workshop MNR ranged from 3.34-3.64 on 4-point scale. The percentage increase in MNR of knowledge and capacity at the end of the workshop ranged from 22.6%-55.3%.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that through information literacy training workshop policy makers can acquire the knowledge and skill to identify, capture and share the right kind of information in the right contexts to influence relevant action or a policy decision.     

江苏省医院信息系统建设的现状及对策

根据江苏省卫生厅组织对１４所医院信息系统建设情况的调研评估资料,结合作者十年来在医院管理领域开发和应用计算机的亲身体会,分析了目前江苏省医院计算机应用的现状,指出了存在的问题,对今后的发展提出了自己的一些见解和思路。     

Relating fatty acid composition in human fingertip blood to age,gender, nationality and n-3 supplementation in the Scandinavian population

This study investigated data obtained from whole blood fatty acid (FA) composition of 3476 Norwegian and Swedish individuals, which provided background information including age, gender, nationality and self-motivated n-3 supplement consumption. The aim of this paper was to statistically relate this background information on the subjects to their whole blood FA profile, focusing mainly on the n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Results showed that age had significant effects on the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids for the Norwegian individuals, while n-3 PUFA supplementation had a positive effect on EPA and DHA content in whole blood for the investigated population. Gender differences were also found for individual FA. A correlation also exists with previous studies on the FA profiling of blood lipids, further validating the test procedure.