绝经后妇女膳食调查及某些因素与骨密度的关系

目的：了解绝经后妇女的膳食营养状况，为骨质疏松的预防提供科学依据。方法：以问卷调查方式对894名绝经后妇女的膳食营养状况进行调查，并对某些因素与骨密度的关系进行相关分析。结果：与《中国居民膳食指南》相比，谷类食物，奶类及奶制品摄入量偏低，能量摄入充足；蛋白质，维生素C和铁的摄入量均超过RDA的100％，维生素B1超过RDA的85％；维生素B2和钙的摄入量明显不足，经常摄食奶类，豆类食品与骨密度呈显著的正相关。结论：绝经后妇女应适当增加谷类，奶类及豆制品的摄入。     

湖南邵阳地区608例绝经后妇女骨密度调查及骨质疏松危险因素分析

目的分析邵阳地区绝经后妇女各年龄段骨密度的变化情况和骨质疏松（OP）的患病率及其相关危险因素。方法采用美国Lunar公司的双能x线骨密度仪对邵阳地区608例绝经后女性进行腰椎3～4和髋部骨密度测定。结果绝经后妇女wardg三角,股骨颈,股骨粗隆,腰椎2～4的BMD随年龄增加而降低,与绝经年龄45～49岁组比较,各年龄组BMD下降比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。wardg三角,股骨颈,股骨粗隆,腰椎2～4的年均骨丢失率分别为1．4％;1．0％;0．93％;0．71％。其中以wardg三角骨丢失率为最高。超重组和肥胖组的腰椎2～4,股骨颈,wardg三角,股骨粗隆,BMD显著高于正常体重组（P〈0．05）。消瘦组各部位BMD显著低于正常体重组（P〈0．05）。女性绝经后开始出现OP,患病率缓慢上升,各年龄组OP总发病率依次为5．2％;16．8％;35．5％;36．4％;55．3％;64．5％;90．6％。其中腰椎2～4OP发生率最高,整体髋部OP发生率最低,相关危险因素分析示,年龄、文化程度、高钙饮食及体重指数是绝经后妇女OP的危险因素（OR=1．121,0．788,0．627,0．823）。结论邵阳地区绝经后妇女骨密度随年龄增长而降低,OP的患病率随之增加。年龄、文化程度、高钙饮食及体重指数是绝经后OP的危险因素。     

机械振动对绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度影响

目的观察机械振动对绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法随机选择2014年2月~2015年10月就诊于广州军区广州总医院骨科医院康复理疗科及骨质疏松门诊的绝经后骨质疏松患者60例,分为阿仑膦酸钠组(ALN组)和机械振动组(WBV组),每组30例,两组均给予抗骨质疏松基础治疗,分别于入组时、治疗6个月后测定骨密度。结果WBV组治疗6个月后L1~L4、左股骨颈、左股骨上端、Ward's三角、左股骨大粗隆BMD较治疗前明显增加,其中Ward's三角BMD变化率最大(8.37%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。ALN组治疗6个月后L1~L4、左股骨颈、左股骨上端、左股骨大粗隆BMD较治疗前明显增加,其中L1~L4 BMD变化率最大(3.17%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而Ward's三角BMD虽有增加,但治疗前后相比,差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,WBV组左股骨(颈、上端、大粗隆)、Ward's三角的变化率均高于ALN组,而ALN组腰椎BMD变化率要高于WBV组。结论阿仑膦酸钠能明显增加腰椎骨密度;而机械振动对股骨、髋部骨密度提升明显,其中Ward's三角可以作为机械振动治疗指征和疗效判定指标;机械振动尤其适用于绝经后骨质疏松治疗。     

绝经后女性骨密度调查及骨质疏松危险因素分析

目的 探讨绝经后女性骨密度(BMD)情况以及骨质疏松的危险因素.方法 选择2020年6月-2020年10月期间220例在台州恩泽医疗中心(集团)恩泽医院健康体检的绝经后女性为研究对象,记录患者的一般资料和血清25 (OH)D水平,采用双能X线吸收法测定骨密度水平,比较骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组一般资料的差异,分析骨质疏松...     

嘉峪关市绝经前后妇女骨质疏松影响因素研究

目的了解嘉峪关市绝经前后妇女骨质疏松症发生的可能影响因素,为有效预防妇女骨质疏松、增进其骨健康水平提供依据。方法对189名≥45岁的绝经前后妇女采用问卷调查,并通过骨密度(BMD)测定、X线摄片、骨代谢指标、激素水平测定及数量不平衡传递试验方法(QTDT)进行横断面研究。结果对象的年龄、教育程度、经济收入、饮食习惯等与骨质疏松的发生有关。在相关基因领域中等位基因(TA)21与BMD显著相关,雌激素受体α基因与BMD无显著相关。低密度受体相关蛋白5(LRP5)多态性位点显示,ERB基因位点1730G/A多态性与股BMD显著相关,ERB的CA的重复多态性与股骨颈BMD相关。等位基因G显示与股BMD负相关。结论本地区绝经前后妇女对骨质疏松症相关知识及危害性认知水平偏低,骨健康状况及相关影响因素应引起足够的重视并对其风险进行干预。     

太极拳可增加绝经后妇女的骨密度

香港一项研究发现，绝经后妇女（平均年龄55．9岁）经常打太极拳（每周不少于3小时），与对照组（年龄性别相匹配、但极少活动者）相比，骨密度增高7．1％，股四头肌力平均升高43．3％，单腿直立维持时间延长67．8％。研究表明，太极拳是一项有利于增强骨密度、提高神经肌肉和平衡功能，又容易普及推广的群众性运动。     

妇女初潮与骨密度的关系

骨质疏松的主要危险人群为老年妇女 ,其峰值骨密度的高低及随年龄增长的变化与多种因素有关。我们对 419例15～ 5 0岁的健康妇女进行腰椎、髋部的骨密度测定和生活因子调查 ,以探讨初潮年龄与骨密度的关系。1 对象与方法 :从我院及附近的机关、研究所、学校等社会团体 ,随机抽取 15～ 5 0岁的女性 419名 ,均为在北方长大的健康人 ,被调查者详细填写有关的问卷 ,记录年龄、体育锻炼、初潮年龄等其他生活因子。入选者均测量腰椎、髋部的骨密度 ,仪器为美国ＬＵＮＡＲ公司生产的ＤＰＸ Ｌ型双能Ｘ线骨密度仪。按初潮年龄将人群分为 <12、12～ 1…     

绝经激素治疗对不同绝经年龄和绝经方式女性骨密度的影响

目的 探讨绝经激素治疗(MHT)对不同绝经年龄和绝经方式女性骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法 选择2012年1月至2021年12月就诊于西安交通大学第一附属医院的绝经后女性869人为研究对象,按照绝经年龄将其分为40～44岁组(n=127)、45～49岁组(n=348)、50～54岁组(n=305)、55～59岁组(n=89);按照治疗方式将其分为MHT组(n=521)与非MHT组(n=348),再根据治疗时间分为<1年组(n=94)、1～<3年组(n=258)、3～<5年组(n=110)、≥5年组(n=59)。观察研究对象的腰椎(L1～L4)BMD、股骨BMD、T值,分析MHT对不同绝经年龄、绝经方式、治疗时间女性BMD的影响。结果 不同绝经年龄组的腰椎(L1～L4)BMD、股骨BMD、T值比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.205、3.807、4.558,P<0.05),绝经年龄越早BMD越低。40～44岁组、45～49岁组手术绝经者的腰椎(L1～L4)BMD、股骨BMD、T值均明显低于自然绝经者,经比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.490、2.550、2...     

Ⅱ型糖尿病妇女绝经后骨密度变化的分析

糖尿病(DM)是一种影响人们生活质量的常见疾病。糖尿病一旦发生合并症，严重威胁患者的健康。糖尿病并发骨质疏松在文献中已有报道。目前着眼点多重视心、脑、肾的并发症，而对糖尿病合并骨质疏松未给予足够的关注，骨质疏松患者一旦出现骨折，预后则不堪设想。现在，把我们观察的Ⅱ型糖尿病妇女绝经后合并骨质疏松患者情况，做如下分析。……     

长沙农村中老年妇女骨密度调查

目的 调查长沙农村中老年妇女不同骨骼部位与年龄相关的骨密度(BMD)和骨质疏松(OP)的患病率。方法 用DXA QDR4500A型扇形柬骨密度仪测量627例40～85岁女性腰椎后位和仰卧倒位、髋部及前臂的BMD，结果 (1)75～85岁组与40岁～组比较，总的骨丢失率以Word区最显著，前臂中远1／3最少(2)40岁以上腰椎侧位骨质疏松检出率最高，其次是前臂和Word区、股骨颈和大转子最低；(3)至少有一个骨骼区域的BMD值达到OP标准的发生率随年龄的增加逐渐增加。结论农村女性40岁以后骨密度的变化及OP发生率与其他职业40岁以上的女性相似。随年龄的增长OP患病率也不同。     

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Fat Mass Independent of Lean Mass and Physical Activity in Women Aged 75 or Older

(1) Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are frequent pathologies among the geriatric population. The interlink between these two diseases is supported by their common pathophysiology. The aim is to explore the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in women aged 75 or older. (2) From January 2016 to December 2019, women aged 75 or older of Caucasian ethnicity, who were addressed to perform a biphoton absorptiometry (DXA), were included in this observational study. Femoral neck T-score, lean mass, fat mass, and physical performances were measured. (3) The mean age of 101 patients included was 84.8 (±4.9) years old. Osteoporosis was present in 72% of patients. According to EWGSOP criteria, 37% of patients were sarcopenic. Osteosarcopenia was present in 34% of patients. The femoral neck T-score was significantly associated with fat mass (β = 0.02, 95% CI (0.01; 0.03), p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Osteosarcopenic patients had significantly lower fat mass (16.2 kg (±6.8) vs. 23.1 kg (±10.8), p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (20.7 kg/m² (±2.8) vs. 26.7 kg/m² (±5.6), p < 0.001). (4) In postmenopausal women, fat mass is estimated to provide hormonal protection. While osteosarcopenia is described as a lipotoxic disease, fat mass and BMI would appear to protect against the risk of osteosarcopenia. This raises questions about the relevance of BMI and DXA.     

Bone Mass Density and Risk of Breast Cancer and Survival in Older Women

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Older women with high bone mineral density (BMD) have an increased risk of breast cancer but it is not well known whether this association is associated with the stage of the tumor. The objective of the study is to determine if older women with high BMD are likely to develop a more aggressive form of breast cancer, as defined by mortality. PATIENTS: We prospectively studied 1504 women who were 75 years of age or older at the entry in the study (range, 75-90 years), between 1992 and 1994. BMD was measured by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry at three skeletal sites (trochanter, Ward's triangle, femoral neck). The women were followed for a mean of 7 years for the occurrence of breast cancer. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to obtain estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer and relative risk of death according to the BMD. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-five incident breast cancer cases were identified. In multivariate analyses of the risk of breast cancer for women in the highest tertile of BMD was greater than for women in the lowest tertile. Indeed, the women with a trochanter BMD in the highest tertile were at 2.3-fold increased risk compared with women in the lowest tertile. The women with highest tertile BMD measured at the Ward's triangle and at the femoral neck were respectively at 2.2-and 3.3-fold increased risk compared with women at the lowest risk. The 7-year survival rates were markedly less favorable for women in the second and third tertile of the three skeletal sites compared with the lowest tertile. The risk of death was greater for women in the highest tertile of BMD than for women in the lowest tertile at every skeletal site. CONCLUSION: Elderly women with high BMD have an increased risk of breast cancer, especially advanced cancer, compared with women with low BMD.     

Nutrition in Menopausal Women: A Narrative Review

Among the various aspects of health promotion and lifestyle adaptation to the postmenopausal period, nutritional habits are essential because they concern all women, can be modified, and impact both longevity and quality of life. In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence on the association between dietary patterns and clinical endpoints in postmenopausal women, such as body composition, bone mass, and risk markers for cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests that low-fat, plant-based diets are associated with beneficial effects on body composition, but further studies are needed to confirm these results in postmenopausal women. The Mediterranean diet pattern along with other healthy habits may help the primary prevention of bone, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases in the postmenopausal period. It consists on the use of healthy foods that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and is associated with a small but significant decrease in blood pressure, reduction of fat mass, and improvement in cholesterol levels. These effects remain to be evaluated over a longer period of time, with the assessment of hard outcomes such as bone fractures, diabetes, and coronary ischemia.     

补钙对青年女性全身各部位骨密度的影响

目的探讨不同钙摄入量对我国青年女性全身及各部位骨密度的影响,为进一步研究制定我国居民钙的适宜摄入量提供科学依据。方法为期13个月设有对照的双盲干预研究。将某军校平均年龄19.8岁女学员179人,以基线调查的全身骨密度及膳食钙摄入量为指标,随机分为4组,每天给予不同剂量碳酸钙片,使总钙摄入量分别达到400、800、1000及1200mg/d,每片钙片中均强化60IU的维生素D。干预前后分别使用食堂记帐法、称重法和24小时记录法了解膳食摄入,体力活动问卷了解体力活动情况,双能X线骨密度仪测定全身、腰椎和前臂的骨密度。结果4组平均摄入的膳食钙加上补充钙的中位数分别是517mg/d(1组)、810mg/d(2组)、964mg/d(3组)、1185mg/d(4组)。实验前后各部位骨密度增加值的组间比较分析显示,3组和4组的全身、下肢和尺骨远端1/3处骨密度增加值均显著高于1组和2组(P<0.05);3组和4组的3处骨密度增加值差异均无显著性。结论随着钙摄入量的增加,青年女性全身各部位骨密度增加,当钙摄入量达到约1000mg/d时,全身、下肢和尺骨远端1/3处骨密度增加值达到最大,再增加钙摄入至1200mg/d时,骨密度不再显著增加。提示我国青年女性钙的适宜摄入量可能在1000mg/d左右。     

上海市北蔡社区40～79.9岁女性骨密度分析

目的了解上海北蔡镇女性骨密度(Bone mineraldensity,BMD)变化规律,为本地区骨质疏松症的防治提供参考。方法随机抽取上海市北蔡镇3个居委1个行政村共884例40～79.9岁女性进行骨密度测定,同时进行问卷调查,使用美国GE公司的Lunar Prodigy Advance PA+300164型双能X线骨密度仪对正位腰椎和左股骨近端进行骨密度测定。结果随着年龄的增加髋部和腰部BMD逐渐下降,尤其45～49.5岁组开始至55～59.9岁组下降明显,而后缓慢下降。而腰部BMD在75～79.9岁组并不下降。结论上海北蔡镇女性骨密度随年龄增高而下降4,5～60岁女性应是重点预防人群。     

Exposure to 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDT) in Relation to Bone Mineral Density and Rate of Bone Loss in Menopausal Women

The organochlorine pesticide 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) are examples of an environmental contaminant that may have hormonal properties. Bone metabolism is both estrogen- and androgen-dependent. Exposures to various environmental endocrine disrupters can affect bone metabolism in animals, but there are no published data concerning the effect of DDE exposure on bone metabolism in humans. We hypothesized that high levels of DDE would be associated with lower bone density in peri- and postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Study subjects were drawn from the cohort of women who had participated in the Mount Sinai Medical Center Longitudinal Normative Bone Density Study (1984-1987). We used serum samples obtained at study entry to measure DDE levels in 103.(50 black, 53 white) women (mean age = 54.5 y [standard deviation = 5 y]). Measurements of bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and radius were made at 6-mo intervals during a 2-y period. DDE concentrations were significantly (p < .001) higher in blacks (13.9 ng/ml) than in whites (8.4 ng/ml), but there was no correlation between DDE concentration and bone density at the spine (mean levels = 1.065 g/cm² and 1.043 g/cm² in the lowest and highest quartiles, respectively, of DDE [trend p value = .85]) or at the radius (mean levels = 0.658 g/cm and 0.664 g/cm in the lowest and highest quartiles, respectively, of DDE [trend p value = .34]). Longitudinal analyses revealed no correlation between DDE and the rate of bone loss at either bone site. Similar results were seen in race-stratified analyses, as well as in analyses in which we controlled for lactation history and other potential confounders. We found little evidence that chronic low-level DDT exposure is associated with bone density in peri- and postmenopausal women.     

Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Bone Mass and Osteoporosis Risk in Korean Women: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011

Antioxidant intake has been suggested to be associated with a reduced osteoporosis risk, but the effect of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on bone health and the risk of osteoporosis remains unclear. We aimed to assess the hypothesis that dietary TAC is positively associated with bone mass and negatively related to the risk of osteoporosis in Korean women. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary TAC was estimated using task automation and an algorithm with 24-h recall data. In total, 8230 pre- and postmenopausal women were divided into four groups according to quartiles of dietary TAC. Dietary TAC was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.99; p-value = 0.045) in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women. Dietary TAC was positively associated with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density of the femoral neck and lumbar spine in postmenopausal women and BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine in premenopausal women. Our study suggests that dietary TAC is inversely associated with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and positively associated with bone mass in both pre- and postmenopausal women.     

Factors Associated with the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Korean Postmenopausal Women

This retrospective study was designed to investigate the treatment rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis after diagnosis and determine factors related to osteoporosis treatment in Korea. This analysis included postmenopausal women who had visited the health promotion center from March 2010 to May 2011 (n = 375) and been diagnosed with osteoporosis (19.5%) or osteopenia (45.9%). Telephone surveys were performed one year after diagnosis. We employed multiple logistic regression to determine factors associated with treatment using clinical risk factors as covariates in a FRAX model. Receipt of osteoporosis treatment (nutrition, exercise, and medications) to prevent osteoporotic fracture was reported by 108 of 172 (63.4%) women with osteopenia and 66 of 73 (90.4%) with osteoporosis. Only consultation with a doctor for osteopenia or osteoporosis was significantly related to receiving osteoporosis treatment for osteopenia (odds ratio [OR], 5.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–12.00) and osteoporosis (OR, 4.91; 95% CI, 1.16–20.75). In the osteopenic group, increased age, being a current smoker, having a history of parental fracture or previous fracture, and secondary osteoporosis were related to consultation with a doctor. Of women with osteopenia 36.6% and 64.4% with osteoporosis received consultation with a doctor. Consultation with a doctor for osteopenia or osteoporosis after being diagnosed could be an effective strategy to increase osteoporosis treatment.     

Association between Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Objective: To determine if dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of different skeletal sites in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in 136 Caucasian, healthy, postmenopausal women, mean age 68.6 years. BMD and soft tissue were assessed by dual energy x-ray abosorptiometry (DXA). Energy, calcium, protein, fat, CLA and other relevant nutrients were estimated using 3 day dietary records. Supplement use was recorded as well. Current and past physical activity were determined using the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey for older adults.

Results: CLA (63.1 ± 46.8 mg, mean ± SD) was a significant predictor of Ward’s triangle BMD (p = 0.040) in a multiple regression model containing years since menopause (18.5 ± 8.4 y), lean tissue, energy intake (1691 ± 382 kcal/day) dietary calcium (873 ± 365 mg), protein (70.6 ± 18.6 g), fat (57.9 ± 23.9 g), zinc (19.2 ± 13.6 mg), and current and past physical activity, with R²_adj = 0.286. Subjects were also divided into groups below (Group 1) and above (Group 2) the median intake for CLA. Group 2 had higher BMD in the forearm, p = 0.042, and higher BMD in the hip, lumbar spine and whole body, however statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusion: These findings indicate dietary CLA may positively benefit BMD in postmenopausal women. More studies are warranted examining the relationship between dietary CLA and BMD.     

Dietary Habits,Nutrients and Bone Mass in Spanish Premenopausal Women: The Contribution of Fish to Better Bone Health

The moderate consumption of fish is recommended for a healthy diet and is also a feature of the Mediterranean diet. Fish is a major food group in diets throughout the world, and studies show that fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of a number of conditions. Spain has one of the highest annual per capita consumptions of fish worldwide. As fish is a source of high quality protein; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; vitamins, such as A and D; and minerals, such as selenium, calcium, iodine, magnesium, copper and zinc, nutrients that have positive effects on bone characteristics, it has been proposed that its consumption could improve bone health. In this cross-sectional study, we have investigated the relationship between dietary habits and nutrient intake of 151 Spanish premenopausal women and analyzed the association of fish consumption on bone mass measured by quantitative ultrasound of the phalanges. A higher (P < 0.05) bone mass and vitamin D intake (P < 0.05) was observed in the group with a fish intake of 5–7 servings/week. We conclude that increased fish consumption is helpful in maintaining an adequate bone mass in Spanish premenopausal women.