2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (HKL-1) induces G2/M arrest and mitotic catastrophe in human leukemia HL-60 cells

2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one (HKL-1), a 2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-one (2-PN) derivative, was synthesized and evaluated as an effective antimitotic agent in our laboratory. However, the molecular mechanisms are uncertain. In this study, HKL-1 was demonstrated to induce multipolar spindles, sustain mitotic arrest and generate multinucleated cells, all of which indicate mitotic catastrophe, in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Western blotting showed that HKL-1 induces mitotic catastrophe in HL-60 cells through regulating mitotic phase-specific kinases (down-regulating CDK1, cyclin B1, CENP-E, and aurora B) and regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins (down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax and Bak), followed by caspase-9/-3 cleavage. These findings suggest that HKL-1 appears to exert its cytotoxicity toward HL-60 cells in culture by inducing mitotic catastrophe.     

6-甲基-4-(1H)-吡啶酮-3-羧酸的制备

目的制备 6 甲基 4 (1H) 吡啶酮 3 羧酸。方法以 4 羟基 6 甲基 2 吡喃酮、N ,N 二甲基甲酰胺二甲氧基缩醛为起始原料 ,经两步反应制得目标化合物。结果与结论经熔点测定及1H NMR、MS分析确证目标产物结构 ,总收率为 39 6 % ,高于文献收率     

LC-MS/MS法研究1-[1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基]-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐在大鼠体内的代谢产物

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对大鼠灌胃1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)后粪便、尿液、胆汁和血浆中的主要代谢产物进行研究。通过比较给药样品和空白样品的全扫描总离子流色谱和选择离子扫描色谱图差别寻找I相代谢产物；根据其一级和二级质谱图，确定I相代谢产物的分子结构。完全提取I相代谢产物后的样品溶液，再用葡糖醛酸酶酶解，得II相结合物的苷元部分，采用与I相代谢产物鉴定同样方法寻找和鉴定II相代谢产物苷元的结构，进而确证II相代谢产物的分子结构。从大鼠粪便中鉴定出P91024的2个I相代谢物，从胆汁中鉴定出1个I相和5个II相代谢产物，从尿液中鉴定出1个I相和3个II相代谢产物，从血浆中鉴定出4个I相和1个II相代谢产物；并分别分析推测出它们的结构。P91024在大鼠体内被代谢转化为多种产物，利用LC-MS/MS可以快速寻找和鉴定。     

Synthesis of Sodium2—[4（S）—4—Amido—3—oxo—2—isoxazo—lidinyl]—5—oxo—2—tetrahydrofurancarboxylate and Its Antibacterial Activities

Lactivicin,a novel inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis,was isolated from the culture fil-trates of microorganism YK-258 and YK-422.It exhibits biological activities similar to those ofthe β-lactam antibiotics,although it does not have a β-lactam ring in its molecule.Since the discovery of lactivicin,hundreds of its derivatives have been synthesized.Most     

7-氨基-3-(1-吡啶甲基)头孢烯酸(7-APCA)卤化物的合成路线

7-氨基-3-(1-吡啶甲基)头孢烯酸(7-APCA)卤化物是头孢他啶合成的重要中间体,笔者在查阅了大量的文献资料的基础上,综述了7-氨基-3-(1-吡啶甲基)头孢烯酸(7-APCA)卤化物合成方法的优点、缺点,同时阐述了笔者试验结果,以7-ACA为原料制备7-APCA卤化物的合成路线。     

α-甲基-4-(3-氧-2H-1,2-苯并异硒唑-2-基)苯乙酸的体外抗氧活性

A synthetic seleno-organic compound, α-methyl-4-(3-oxo-2H-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-2-yl) benzeneacetic acid (MBBA) inhibited the lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome induced by cysteine/Fe²⁺ and NADPH/Fe²⁺, the IC₅₀ (95% confidence limits) values were 12.2(3.8-39.6) and 7.1(2.5-20.3) μmol·L^-１ respectively. Furthermore, it showed a glutathione peroxidase like activity in vitro. However MBBA (2-100 μmol·L^-１) had no direct inhibition on the production of superoxide anions (O^-₂) and hydroxy radical. Our data suggest that MBBA is a novel inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Its antioxidant effect may be attributed to glutathione peroxidase like activity. The direct free radical quenching activity of MBBA is ruled out.     

Synthesis and antileukemic activity of new 3-(1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones

3-(1-Phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-yl)-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones 14a-q and 15a-q were synthesized by refluxing in acetic acid the corresponding 2-methylquinazolinones 12 and 13 with the opportune benzoic aldehyde for 12 h. The synthesized styrylquinazolinones 14a-q and 15a-q were tested in vitro for their antileukemic activity against L1210 (murine leukemia), K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and HL60 (human leukemia) cell lines showing in some cases good activity.     

Enhancements of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism and carcinogenic risk via NNK/arsenic interaction

Epidemiological studies indicated an enhancement of cigarette smoke-induced carcinogenicity, including hepatocellular carcinoma, by arsenic. We believe that arsenic will enhance the expression of hepatic CYP2A enzyme and NNK metabolism (a cigarette smoke component), thus its metabolites, and carcinogenic DNA adducts. Male ICR mice were exposed to NNK (0.5 mg/mouse) and sodium arsenite (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg) daily via gavaging for 10 days and their urine was collected at day 10 for NNK metabolite analysis. Liver samples were also obtained for CYP2A enzyme and DNA adducts evaluations. Both the cyp2a4/5 mRNA levels and the CYP2A enzyme activity were significantly elevated in arsenic-treated mice liver. Furthermore, urinary NNK metabolites in NNK/arsenic co-treated mice also increased compared to those treated with NNK alone. Concomitantly, DNA adducts (N(7)-methylguanine and O(6)-methylguanine) were significantly elevated in the livers of mice co-treated with NNK and arsenic. Our findings provide clear evidence that arsenic increased NNK metabolism by up-regulation of CYP2A expression and activity leading to an increased NNK metabolism and DNA adducts (N(7)-methylguanine and O(6)-methylguanine). These findings suggest that in the presence of arsenic, NNK could induce greater DNA adducts formation in hepatic tissues resulting in higher carcinogenic potential.     

4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸的合成工艺改进研究

目的对4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸的合成工艺条件进行优化。方法以1-脒基吡唑盐酸盐和乙氧基甲叉基丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,在三乙胺催化下环合得到中间体4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸乙酯,再经过氢氧化锂在四氢呋喃–水混合溶剂中水解得到目标化合物。结果合成了目标化合物,经MS、1H-NMR确证了结构,质量分数为99.5%,本合成工艺的总收率为87%。结论该合成工艺具有操作简单、反应条件温和、成本低、产率和纯度较高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

G1 cell cycle arrest by amlodipine, a dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker, in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells

We demonstrated previously that amlodipine, a dihydropyridine Ca(2+) channel blocker, exhibits antitumor effects on human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells both in vitro and in vivo, in part through inhibition of capacitative Ca(2+) entry. In this study, we examined the effects of amlodipine on cell cycle distribution and cell cycle regulatory molecules in A431 cells, since a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) is required at several points during cell cycle progression. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that treatment with amlodipine (20-30muM, for 24h) induced G1 phase cell accumulation. The amlodipine-induced G1 arrest was associated with a decrease in phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRB), a regulator of G1 to S phase transition, reduction of protein levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), G1 specific cell cycle proteins, and increased expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1), an inhibitory protein of CDK/cyclin complexes. In vitro kinase assay revealed that amlodipine significantly decreased CDK2-, CDK4-, and their partners cyclin E- and cyclin D1-associated kinase activities. The amlodipine-induced reductions in cyclin D1 protein expression and in CDK2 kinase activity were reproduced by a dihydropyridine derivative, nicardipine, having an inhibitory effect on A431 cell growth, but not by nifedipine, lacking the antiproliferative activity. Our results demonstrate that amlodipine caused G1 cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition in A431 cells through induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, inhibition of CDK/cyclin-associated kinase activities, and reduced phosphorylation of pRB.     

Novel microtubule-targeted agent 6-chloro-4-(methoxyphenyl) coumarin induces G2-M arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells

Aim:

To identify a novel coumarin analogue with the highest anticancer activity and to further investigate its anticancer mechanisms.

Methods:

The viability of cancer cells was investigated using the MTT assay. The cell cycle progression was evaluated using both flow cytometric and Western blotting analysis. Microtubule depolymerization was observed with immunocytochemistry in vivo and a tubulin depolymerization assay in vitro. Apoptosis was demonstrated using Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double-staining and sub-G₁ analysis.

Results:

Among 36 analogues of coumarin, 6-chloro-4-(methoxyphenyl) coumarin showed the best anticancer activity (IC₅₀ value about 200 nmol/L) in HCT116 cells. The compound had a broad spectrum of anticancer activity against 9 cancer cell lines derived from colon cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, leukemia, epidermoid cancer with IC₅₀ value of 75 nmol/L–1.57 μmol/L but with low cytotocitity against WI-38 human lung fibroblasts (IC₅₀ value of 12.128 μmol/L). The compound (0.04–10 μmol/L) induced G₂-M phase arrest in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was reversible after the compound was removed. The compound (10–300 μmol/L) induced the depolymerization of purified porcine tubulin in vitro. Finally, the compound (0.04–2.5 μmol/L) induced apoptosis of HeLa cells in dose- and time-dependent manners.

Conclusion:

6-Chloro-4-(methoxyphenyl) coumarin is a novel microtubule-targeting agent that induces G₂–M arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells.     

1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪的制备

地拉韦定(delavirdine)是由美国Pharmacia&Upjohn公司研制的非核苷HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs),临床与其它抗HIV药联合使用,用于治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征[1].1-(5-硝基吲哚-2-羰基)-4-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(1)是其重要中间体.文献[2-4]以5-硝基吲哚-2-羧酸(2)和1-[3-(1-甲基乙胺基)-2-吡啶基]哌嗪(3)为原料,在1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(EDC)作用下缩合制得.EDC价昂,后处理用氯仿作提取溶剂,且需通过柱色谱纯化,不适于规模化生产.     

1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐的光降解产物研究

研究1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-2-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉氢溴酸盐(编号P91024)遇光后颜色变暗的光降解产物。采用HPLC-MS及波谱分析鉴定光降解产物的化学结构，并经有机反应合成对照验证。P91024光降解的3个主要产物分别为溴化N-(4-硝基苄基)-6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉、1-［1-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)乙基］-6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉和2-异丙基-6-甲氧基萘。     

新化合物3－异丙基－6－（1－甲基－1－乙酰胺基乙基）－9－甲基－2－氧代－1－氧杂螺〔4，4〕壬烷化学结构的研究

由莪术醇的Ｒｉｔｔｅｒ反应，获得了一种新的生理活性化合物（Ⅲ）。应用二维核磁共振技术（１Ｈ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ，１Ｈ－１３ＣＣＯＳＹ和远程１Ｈ－１３ＣＣＯＳＹ）等光谱学方法，结合莪术醇的绝对构型，提出了标题化合物的立体构型。     

R-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-pyrrolo-[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphtalenylmethanone (WIN-2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and induces encephalitogenic T cell apoptosis: partial involvement of the CB(2) receptor

Many reports have shown that cannabinoids might be beneficial in the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have investigated the therapeutic properties of the non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-2 as a suppressive drug in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. In the passive variety of EAE, induced in Lewis rats by adoptive transfer of myelin-reactive T cells, WIN-2 ameliorates the clinical signs and diminishes the cell infiltration of the spinal cord. Due to the involvement of cannabinoids in the regulation of cell death and survival, we investigated the effects of WIN-2 on the encephalitogenic T cell population. WIN-2 induced a profound increase of apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The potential involvement of cannabinoid receptors (CB) was investigated by encephalitogenic T cell stimulation in the presence of the CB(1) (SR141716A) and CB(2) (SR144528) antagonists, pertussis toxin (PTX) and the inactive enantiomer WIN-3. WIN-2-induced apoptosis was partially blocked by SR144528 and PTX, whereas, WIN-3 only exerted a mild effect on cell viability. These results point to the partial involvement of CB(2) receptor together with other receptor-independent mechanism or by yet unknown cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, WIN-2 induced the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, as shown by caspase-10 and -3 activation. These results suggest that cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of encephalitogenic T cells may cooperate in their anti-inflammatory action in EAE models. The partial involvement of CB(2) receptors in WIN-2 action may open new therapeutic doors in the management of MS by non-psychoactive selective cannabinoid agonists.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 2-(3-(4-Aryl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) Chroman-4-ones

Seven new 2-(3-(4-aryl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) chroman-4-ones (4a-4g) have been synthesized by cyclization of 2-hydroxychalcone analogues of pyrazole 3a-3g using conc. HCl in acetic acid. The structures of the compounds 4a-4g were established by the combined use of (1)HNMR, IR and mass spectra. All the seven compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compounds 4b, 4c, 4e, 4f, 4g have displayed good antibacterial activity when compared with commercially available antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. These compounds also were screened for their antifungal activity against two ear pathogenic fungi, namely Aspergillus Niger and A. flavus. The compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, 4g exhibited good antifungal activity when compared with commercially available antifungal, fluconazole.     

1-(4-羟基苯基)-2-[1-甲基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙氨基]乙酮盐酸盐对离体蛙心的影响

目的　研究 1- (4 -羟基苯基 ) - 2 - [1-甲基 - 3- (4 -羟基苯基 )丙氨基 ]乙酮盐酸盐对 β -受体的作用。 方法　用斯氏法制备青蛙离体心脏标本 ,用BL - 4 10生物机能实验仪记录心脏收缩活动。结果　β -受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素对离体蛙心有非常明显的兴奋作用 ,10ng·ml-1浓度时可增加离体蛙心脏收缩张力 199.2 9%± 6 9.6 9% (n =8) ;1- (4 -羟基苯基 ) -2 - [1-甲基 - 3- (4 -羟基苯基 )丙氨基 ]乙酮盐酸盐饱和上清药液 2 0 %～ 10 0 % ,对离体蛙心脏亦有明显兴奋作用 ,可分别增加离体蛙心脏收缩张力 81.4 3%± 34.4 4 %、6 0 .5 3%± 2 0 .18%、74 .5 3%± 32 .75 %、74 .34%± 39.6 9%、6 0 .91%± 2 7.73% (n =8) ,但未见明显的剂量效应关系。结论　 1- (4 -羟基苯基 ) - 2 - [1-甲基 - 3- (4 -羟基苯基 )丙氨基 ]乙酮盐酸盐对 β -受体具有激动作用。     

Synthesis of 1-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-yl)semi-carbazides and their transformation into 4-chloro-2-mercapto-N-(4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides as potential anticancer and anti-HIV agents

Synthesis of a series of 1-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-yl)semicarbazides (6-16) and 4-chloro-2-mercapto-N-(4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides (17-22) were reported. Compounds 7-9, 17, 19-22 were tested at the US National Cancer Institute for their in vitro anticancer and anti-HIV activities. Results of anticancer screening showed moderate activity of 21 and 22, while 19 was found to have encouraging anti-HIV activity at EC(50) = 28.8 microM.     

S-3(-三氟甲基)-6，7-双[4(-三氟甲基)苯基]-3，4-二氢喹啉-2(1H)-酮下调STAT3信号通路抑制人结直肠癌细胞生长的作用研究

目的 基于信号转导和转录活化因子3（STAT3）信号通路探讨三氟甲基化二氢喹喔啉酮类化合物S-3-（三氟甲基）-6,7-双［4-（三氟甲基）苯基］-3,4-二氢喹啉-2（1H）-酮（2o）对人结直肠癌细胞生长的抑制作用。方法 采用 MTT法检测三氟甲基化二氢喹喔啉酮类化合物 2b、2e、2f、2g、2k、2l、2m、2o、2q（20 μmo·L^-1）作 用 48 h 对 人 结 直 肠 癌 细 胞DLD-1 存活率的影响,检测化合物2o（0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5、15.0、17.5 μmo·L^-1）作用48 h对人结直肠癌细胞HCT116、RKO和DLD-1存活率的影响;克隆形成实验检测化合物2o（2.5、5.0、10.0 μmo·L^-1）对RKO、DLD-1、HCT116细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术和 Hoechst染色检测化合物 2o 对细胞凋亡的影响;细胞划痕实验检测化合物 2o 对 DLD-1 和RKO 细胞迁移率的影响;Western blotting 法检测化合物 2o 对 RKO 细胞 p-STAT3、STAT3、骨髓白血病细胞分化蛋白（MCL）-1、生存素（Survivin）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）蛋白表达水平的影响,检测化合物2o对白细胞介素-6（IL-6）刺激下p-STAT3、STAT3蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 化合物2o对DLD-1细胞的杀伤能力较其他化 合 物 强 ; 化 合 物 2o 对 HCT116、 RKO 和 DLD-1 细 胞 的 半 数 抑 制 浓 度 （IC₅₀） 分 别 为 （3.573±0.172）、（8.056±0.458）、（6.226±0.458）μmo·L^-1。与对照组比较,化合物2o明显降低了HCT116、RKO和DLD-1细胞的集落形成能力;显著降低DLD-1和RKO细胞迁移率（P＜0.01、0.001）;明显增加RKO、DLD-1细胞凋亡率;明显增加HCT116和RKO细胞核亮染比例;明显降低p-STAT3、MCL-1、Survivin、Bcl-2蛋白表达,明显升高Bax蛋白表达,对STAT3蛋白表达无明显影响。与对照组比较,IL-6刺激的模型组p-STAT3蛋白表达明显升高,STAT3蛋白表达无明显变化;与模型组比较,随着化合物2o浓度的升高,p-STAT3蛋白表达明显降低,STAT3蛋白表达无明显变化。结论 化合物2o可能通过下调STAT3信号通路发挥抗人结直肠癌作用。