带血管蒂附骨瓣移位术的临床应用

根据跗骨血供的解剖学研究，发现足背动脉的分支内踝前动脉、跑内侧动脉及跗外侧动脉有恒定的骨膜支分布于第一楔骨及骰骨的背侧面。以上述血管为蒂可以切取第一楔骨及骰骨骨瓣，用于修复足踝部骨析、骨不连及骨缺损。１９９１年以来，施行带跗外侧血管蒂骰骨瓣移位术３例，带内踝前或跗内侧血管蒂第一楔骨瓣移位术３例。经随访各例骨连接良好，无并发症。认为对于足踝部某些骨折、不连接及小量骨缺损，本法是一种安全、简便、有效的手术方法。     

带血管蒂跗骨瓣移位术的临床应用

根据跗骨血供的解剖学研究，发现足背动脉的分支内踝前动脉、跗内侧动脉及跗外侧动脉有恒定的骨膜支分布于第一楔骨及骰骨的背侧面。以上述血管为蒂可以切取第一楔骨及骰骨骨瓣，用于修复足踝部骨折，骨不连及骨缺损。１９９１年以来，施行带跗外侧血管蒂骰骨瓣位术３例，带内踝前或跗内侧血管蒂第一楔骨瓣移位术３例。经随访各例骨连接良好，无并发症，认为对于足踝部某些骨折不连接及小时骨缺损，本法是一种安全，简便，有效的手术     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣移位治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的研究

目的 探讨旋股内侧血管深支大转子骨瓣移位术治疗中、青年人股骨头缺血性坏死的期疗效。方法 系统随访３７例,平均随访时间６年。结果 带血管蒂大了骨瓣移位术治疗３、４型胶骨颈骨折及股骨头已出现缺血性坏死者的远期效果较理想。术后总效率１００．０％,效果满意率９４．６％。结论 带旋股内侧血管深支大转子骨瓣移位术可作为治疗３、４型股骨颈骨折及股骨头缺血性坏死的有效术式。     

显微外科技术治疗腕月骨缺血性坏死

目的：报道采用显微外科技术治疗腕月骨缺血性坏死２３例的临床效果。方法：３例采用带掌背血管蒂的骨瓣月骨植入术；２０例采用月骨切除和带血管蒂的豌豆骨移位替代月骨。结果：随访８～５１个月，平均３０个月。２２例腕痛缓解，腕关节活动改善，背伸达正常的５３．４％，屈曲达４４．２％，握力达正常侧的８０．９％。Ｘ线照片显示带掌背血管蒂骨瓣月骨内植入后月骨密度降低。带蒂豌豆骨转移位置正常，２例术后２年发现豌豆骨萎缩。腕高比值０．４９，ＭｃＭｕｒｔｒｙ指数０．２９．桡舟角平均５６．８。结论：应用带血管蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨是治疗月骨缺血性坏死Ⅲ期的一种有效方法，月骨缺血性坏死Ⅱ期应采用月骨再血管化手术。     

腕骨间融合联合带蒂豌豆骨移位治疗月骨缺血性坏死

对采用腕骨间融合联合带蒂豌豆骨移位治疗月骨缺血性坏死的疗效作一评估。用此法治疗月骨缺血性坏死（Ⅲ期，Ｌｉｃｈｔｍａｎ）８例．月骨切除后用带血管蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨；腕骨间融合采用舟骨、大多角骨、小多角骨融合５例，舟骨、头状骨融合３例。随访８～４４个月，平均２９个月。８例腕痛全部缓解，腕关节活动比术前改善：背伸达正常侧的５８．８％，屈曲达５１．４％。握力比术前增加４６．９％。Ｘ线片结果：带蒂豌豆骨移位骨位置正常，无骨硬化；１例术后２年发现豌豆骨萎缩。８例病人中有６例恢复原工作，２例因社会原因改换工作。我们认为腕骨间融合联合带蒂豌豆骨移位是治疗月骨缺血性坏死Ⅲ期的一种有效方法．     

跗外侧血管蒂骰骨瓣移位术的临床应用

目的 为寻求和解决踝足部骨缺损,骨不连,距骨骨折脱位和距骨体缺血性坏死等疑难病例的有效疗法,方法 通过３０侧下肢标本解剖观测了供应骰骨背侧血管的来源,走行,分支和吻合。设计以跗外侧血管为蒂的骰骨瓣移位植骨术治疗有关疾患共２９例,结果 临床实践证实疗效满意,有７例经１～８年随访,其中优良率达９６％,结论 带跗外侧血管骰骨瓣具有解剖位置表浅,手术操作简便,效果可靠等优点,为修复踝骨部病组损提供一定好供     

头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的 报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法 对46例患者行坏死月骨摘除头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果 术后随访16～48个月，平均21．5个月，43例腕痛完全消失，3例明显缓解，握力平均达健侧的80％，腕关节活动范围达健侧的75％。结论 两种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的：报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法：对４６例患者行坏死月骨摘除,头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果：术后随访１６～４８个月,平均２１．５个月,４５例腕痛完全消失,１例明显缓解,握力平均达健侧的８０％,腕关节活动范围达健侧的７５％。结论：２种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

以内踝前血管为蒂的第一楔骨瓣转位术

以内踝前血管为蒂的第１楔骨瓣移位术，为修复距骨骨折、距骨体坏死和踝、足部关节植骨融合提供一种新的供骨区，已成功应用于临床。本骨瓣具有血管位置恒定，易于解剖，手术操作简便等优点。     

带蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨治疗月骨缺血性坏死

作者从１９８６年３月～１９９３年６月采用带血管蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨治疗月骨缺血性坏死１８例。术前按Ｌｉｃｈｔｍａｎ分期，Ⅱ期２例，Ⅲ期１６例。Ⅲ期１６例中有８例同时行腕骨间融合术。随访２５～５１个月，平均３年１个月。１７例腕痛缓解，腕关节活动和握力均有改善。Ｘ线片结果：带蒂豌豆骨植入位置正常。腕高比值、ＭｃＭｕｒｔｒｙ指数和桡舟角与术前比较没有显著差异。按周连圻介绍的标准进行评定：优１２例，良５例，可１例，优良率达９４％。我们认为带蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨是治疗月骨缺血性坏死Ⅲ期的一种有效方法。     

带血管蒂跗骨瓣移位术的解剖与临床应用

目的：为治疗距骨颈骨折，距骨体缺血性坏死和踝，足部其它骨质病损担任系列方式。方法：在30侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本上观测了供养骰骨，内侧楔骨和舟骨的主要血管，设计了上述三种带血管蒂的跗骨瓣移位术，以修复踝，足部骨质病损，并在临床应用了49例。结果：有43例经1－9年随访，平均为4年3个月，40例病损部I期愈合，3例经二期手术治愈，踝，足功能得到极大改善。结论：上述三种附骨瓣均具有血管蒂位置表浅，解剖容易和手术安全可靠等优点，可根据病损不同性质与部位选用。     

跟外侧血管蒂骨膜瓣移植治疗儿童距骨坏死随访

应用跟外侧血管蒂骨膜瓣植入治疗儿童距骨坏死5例,结果显示:术后3～4个月X线片距骨密度及形态明显改善,8个月距骨形态恢复正常。并经3～10年的随访,疗效肯定。其具有以下优点:①清除死骨彻底减压;②重建距骨血液循环系统;③带血管的骨膜植入可为距骨带入成骨效应成分,加速骨重建。     

带血管蒂跗骨瓣移位术修复踝及足部骨病损

目的 为治疗踝及足部骨质病损提供系列手术方式。方法 在解剖学研究基础上，设计了带血管蒂的骰骨瓣、内侧楔骨瓣、舟骨瓣和跟骨前外侧骨瓣移位术，以修复踝及足骨质病损。临床应用55例。结果 术后经l—10年随访48例，平均为4年6个月，疗效满意。结论 上述4种跗骨瓣均具有血管蒂位置表浅、解剖容易和手术安全可靠等优点。     

Revascularization of a partially necrotic talus with a vascularized bone graft from the iliac crest

Summary A 16-year-old patient had a compound dislocation of the right talus. Following primary treatment, which included a subtaler screw arthrodesis, the talus developed clinical, radiological, and isotope scan signs of necrosis [3]. In spite of a walking caliper to prevent weight bearing on the ankle, the talar articular cartilage of the ankle joint also showed signs of degeneration. The talus was revascularized with a vascularized corticocancellous iliac crest bone graft. Six months postoperatively, there were clinical, radiological, and bone scan signs of significant revascularization. The patient is free of pain and able to walk with full weight bearing on the foot.     

Vascularized bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur

Free vascularized thin corticoperiosteal grafts and small periosteal bone grafts harvested from the supracondylar region of the femur are described. These grafts are nourished from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and vein. Unlike currently used vascularized bone grafts, this graft can be successfully harvested with disturbing the vascularity. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts consist of periosteum with a thin layer of outer cortical bone and include the cambium layer, which has a better osteogenic capacity. This graft is elastic and readily conforms to the recipient bed configuration. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts were used for fracture nonunion of the long bone with smaller bone defect and to treat forty‐six patients with avascular necrosis of the body of the talus, scaphoid, and lunate bone. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.     

Vascularized periosteal bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur

Free, vascularized thin corticoperiosteal grafts and small pe-riosteal bone grafts harvested from the supracondylar region of the femur are described. These grafts are nourished from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and vein. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts consist of periosteum with a thin layer of outer cortical bone and include the cambium layer, which has a better osteogenic capacity. This graft is elastic and readily conforms to the recipient bed configuration. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts were used to treat 11 patients with fracture non-union of an upper extremity that had no massive bone defects. Early, rapid union occurred in all patients except three: one in which the anastomosed vessel became obstructed and two in which the internal fixation of the fracture was unsecured. The small bone grafts consist of periosteum, full thickness cortex, and the underlying cancellous bone. This graft can be successfully harvested without disturbing the vascularity, unlike the currently used vascularized bone grafts. This graft was used to treat three patients with avascular necrosis of the body of the talus and could prevent the necrotic talus body from progressive collapse in patients in early stages of the disease. One patient with an infectious bone defect of the first metatarsal bone was successfully treated by vascularized bone graft with an accompanying skin flap. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Role of conventional and vascularized bone grafts in scaphoid nonunion with avascular necrosis: A canine experimental study

The effectiveness of vascularized and conventional bone grafts in the treatment of carpal fracture nonunion with avascular necrosis was evaluated in 12 adult dogs. The proximal third of the radiocarpal bone was removed bilaterally and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Its replacement, leaving a 4-mm gap, simulated a scaphoid fracture nonunion with avascular necrosis. A dorsal radius inlay graft was placed across the gap. The graft was nonvascularized, or conventional on one side, and vascularized with a reverse-flow arteriovenous pedicle on the other. Following a healing period, quantitative assessment of bone blood flow, fracture healing, and bone remodeling was conducted. Seventy-three percent of the vascularized grafts and none of the conventional grafts healed. At 6 weeks, bone blood flow in the proximal pole was significantly higher on the side of the vascularized graft. Quantitative histomorphometry of the avascular proximal segment demonstrated significantly higher levels of fluorochrome-labeled osteoid- and osteoblast-covered trabecular surfaces on the vascularized graft side. These experimental data support the potential clinical application of pedicled reverse-flow vascularized grafts in the treatment of carpal fracture nonunions with avascular necrosis, including proximal pole scaphoid nonunions.     

Reimplantation of a Totally Extruded Talus: A Case Report

Total extrusion of the talus is an unusual injury, and the obvious risks of reimplantation of the extruded bone include infection and avascular necrosis. In this article, the authors present the case of a 34-year-old man who sustained an open ankle injury with complete extrusion of the talus. The talus was recovered at the scene of the accident, and subsequently reimplanted along with ankle stabilization with pins and an external fixator. At 6 weeks following the osseous surgery, final soft tissue reconstruction with a suralis flap was performed. At 3 years after the injury, radiographs revealed spontaneous fusion of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints, and the clinical examination and history indicated satisfactory weight-bearing function of the involved foot and ankle. The definitive treatment of this serious lower extremity injury remains controversial, and the use of large allogeneic bone grafts, vascularized bone grafts, and tibiocalcaneal fusion, as well as reimplantation of the extruded talus have been recommended.     

Ankle arthrodesis using anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap: three case reports

The purpose of this report is to introduce the procedure of ankle arthrodesis using an anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap and to present three cases. The distal end of the tibia was elevated on the pedicle of the tibialis anterior vessels. The vascularized tibial flap was shifted distally and inserted into the graft bed in the talus to form a bridge between the tibia and the talus. The talotibial joint was completely fused 2 months after surgery. Three months were required before the patients could walk bearing full weight. Ankle arthrodesis using an anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap is an easy procedure to perform and is indicated for both the treatment of primary and secondary ankle arthritis.