食道癌根治术后放射治疗的观察研究

目的评价食道癌根治术后放射治疗的价值方法取我院1985～1992年进行根治术后放射治疗24例食管癌病人作术后放疗组，按该组病人的分期，分层随机抽取同期食管癌单纯根治术病人24例作对照组。DT50～60Gy／5～7周。生存分析用Kaplan-Meier方法计算，并以Log-rank作显著性检验。结果单纯手术组1、3、5年生存率分别为87.5%(21/24)，66.7%(16/24)，34.8%(8/23)，术后放疗组95.8%(23/24)，78.3%(18/23)，54.5%(12/22)，(P>0.05)。单纯手术组血行转移16.7%(4/24)，术后放疗组为12.5%(3/24)，两组相比较，无显著差异(P>0.05)。局部（瘤床以及局部淋巴引流区）复发率单纯手术组为58.3%(14/24)，术后放疗组25.0%(6/24)，后者明显比前者低度（P=0.02）。结论食道癌根治术后放疗可以减少局部复发。     

胸段食管癌术后放射治疗的临床观察

目的：评价胸段食管癌术后放射治疗的价值。方法：对132例胸段食管癌患者（单纯手术59例，手术加放射治疗73例），分组比较。结果：术后放疗组1、3、5a局部控制率分别为91．8％、54．8％、39．7％；单纯手术组1、3、5a局部控制率分别为78％、20．3％、8．5％。经统计学处理有显著性差异。术后放疗组1、3、5a生存率分别为76．7％、45．2％、37％。单纯手术组1、3、5a生存率分别为50．8％、25．4％、18．6％。统计学处理有显著性差异。结论：手术加放疗能提高生存率和局部控制率。     

术后谢疗对Ⅱ期乳癌的远期疗效

目的：探讨根治术后放疗对Ⅱ期乳癌的远期疗效。方法：选Ⅱ期乳癌术后行放射治疗５３例与术后未行放射治疗９３例进行对比分析。结果：术后放疗组的１０年生存率６７６％（３５／５３），单纯手术组６８．８％（６４／９３）。但术后放疗组中区域淋巴结转移者８１．１％（４３／５３），而单纯手术组仅５．４％（５／９３）。放疗组中ＤＴ〈５０Ｇｙ的１０年生存率５２％（１３／２５），ＤＴ≥５０Ｄｇ为７８．６％（２２／２８）。     

食管癌262例术后放射治疗分析

目的评价食管癌术后放射治疗疗效及预后因素。方法对资料完整的262例食管癌术后患者进行回顾性研究,其中单纯根治性手术133倒,术后放射治疗129例,总剂量50Gy。结果随访5年。单纯手术组5年生存率为40．9％,术后放射治疗组5年生存率为60．1％。二组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。其中预后因素与T分期、N分期有关,浸润深度局限于黏膜下层以及无淋巴结转移的5年生存率,单纯手术组与术后放疗组差异无统计学意义。病灶浸润至肌层或全层以及有淋巴结转移的术后放疗组5年生存率明显高于单纯手术组（P〈0．05）。与大小野照射元明显相关。结论食管癌术后放射治疗可以增加局部控制率,提高远期生存率。特别对病灶浸润至肌层或全层以及有淋巴蛄转移的患者有意义。     

紫杉醇同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察放射治疗配合紫杉醇化疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及不良反应。方法：将65例食管癌病人根据不同的治疗方法分为两组，单纯放射治疗组（治疗组）和放射治疗同步化疗组（放化疗组）。治疗组33倒，采用常规放疗，DT65—70Gy；放化疗组32例，放疗方法及剂量同单敢组，化疗采用紫杉醇每周同步方案。结果：放化疗组CR、PR分别为18．2％和69．7％，而放疗组分别是6．3％和50．0％。两组CR、RR（CR＋PR）差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。放化疗组和放疗组1年、2年生存率分别是69．7％（23／33）、48．5％（16／33）和65．6％（21／32）、28．1％（9／32），两组的1年生存率无明显差异。2年生存率差异则有显著性（P〈0．05）。放化疗组白细胞下降、恶心呕吐较放疗组明显（P〈0．05）。结论：同步放化疗优于单纯放射治疗，不良反应患者能耐受，安全可行，可明显局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效。     

晚期食管癌术前加速放疗68例疗效分析

对１４３ 例食管癌进行分组治疗对比,术前加速放疗组６８ 例,术前行加速放疗,２ 周内照射总量４０Ｇｙ,放疗后２～４ 周行食管癌根治术。单纯手术组７５ 例。手术切除率：术前放疗组９５－６％ （６５／６８） ,单纯手术组９４－７％ （７１／７５） 。１ 年、３ 年生存率：术前加速放疗组为７７－９％ 和６１－８％ ,而单纯手术组为６５－３％ 和３８－７％ ,吻合口瘘发生率：术前放疗组６－２％ ,单纯手术组７％ ,结果表明术前加速放疗不影响手术切除也不增加术后并发症。     

Ⅰ及Ⅱ期食管癌根治术与术后放疗103例分析

目的评价Ⅰ及Ⅱ期食管癌根治术后放射治疗的价值．方法收治103例术后病理确诊为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的食管癌，单纯手术72例，加术后放疗31例，放射剂量50～60Gy．结果随访5年以上，47例复发，复发与TNM分期有关，区域淋巴结和食管瘤床失败与食管原发部位有显著关系。手术切除组：1、3、5年生存率分别为87．5％、69．4％、41．7％，术后放疗组1、3、5年生存率为90．3％、83．9％、74．2％。结论术后放疗复发率低，5年生存率术后放疗组明显高于单纯手术组。Ⅰ及Ⅱ期食管癌术后常规放疗可提高远期生存率。     

Ⅱ期巨块型宫颈癌术前15 Gy体外放疗近期临床疗效探讨

目的：探讨Ⅱ期巨块型宫颈癌术前大放疗量体外冲击放疗加手术治疗的临床疗效．方法：对30例Ⅱ期巨块型宫颈癌患者根治术前连续3次进行大放疗量5Gy体外放疗,对患者的局部肿瘤缓解情况、毒副反应及手术情况进行回顾性分析;与直接接受根治术的同期别20例巨块型宫颈癌比较．结果：行体外15Gy放疗后,临床完全缓解（CR）和部分缓解（PR）分别是3．3％（1／30）和73．3％（22／30）,无变化（SD）与恶化（PD）分别为23．3％（7／30）和0．放疗并发症发生率低,体外放疗组较直接手术组手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少,尿潴留的发生率低,两组比较差异有显著性．高危病理差异无显著性．结论：①术前体外5Gy／f×3f放射治疗对Ⅱ期巨块型宫颈癌具有较好的缩减瘤体效果,放疗并发症少．②体外放疗后5～7d行手术治疗在手术时间及术中出血量与直接手术组患者相比均有明显下降,且不增加术后并发症．     

166例乳腺癌术后辅助治疗远期疗效分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌根治术后辅助治疗的远期疗效。方法：166例乳腺癌病人（Ⅱ期90例，Ⅲ期76例）均行根治性手术治疗，术后分别采用单纯放疗、单纯化疗及化疗加放疗等辅助治疗。结果：Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者10年生存率分别为51．1％（46／90）、22．4％（17／76）。术后放疗组、术后放疗加化疗局部复发率（局部及区域淋巴结复发）均低于术后单纯化疗组（P＜0．05）；术后化疗组及术后放疗加化疗组远处转移率均低于术后单纯放疗组（P＜0．05）；术后放疗加化疗组10年生存率较术后单纯化疗及单纯放疗组明显提高（P＜0．05）。结论：Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌术后辅助放疗可以减少局部复发率，术后化疗可以减少远处转移率，术后放疗加化疗可以明显提高10年生存率。     

紫杉醇同步放化疗治疗食管癌的临床观察

目的观察放射治疗配合紫杉醇化疗对食管癌的临床疗效。方法对67例食管癌病人根据不同的治疗方法分为两组：单纯放射治疗组（单放组）和放射治疗同步化疗组（放化疗组）。单放组33例，采用常规设野放疗，DT65-70Gy；放化疗组34例，放疗方法及剂量同单放组，化疗采用紫杉醇每周同步方案。两组均随访2年。结果局部近期疗效放化疗组好于单放组，两组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。放化疗组与单放组1、2年生存率单放组为51．5％（17／33）、33．3％（11／33），同步放化组为75．8％（25／33）、57．6％（19／33）。两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论同步放化疗优于单纯放射治疗，可明显提高食管癌的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.