浅析公立医院绩效管理

绩效管理是公立医院改革的重点之一。医院的绩效管理不仅反映了医院经营管理的状况，而且与医务人员的切身利益息息相关。一、国外绩效管理的研究 1．世界卫生组织对绩效管理的测评研究     

试论公立医院经营管理之核心要素

文章从公立医院经营管理的涉及面出发,提出了经营管理主要包括人才队伍与学科建设、医疗质量与安全、制度建设与执行力、经济管理、信息化建设与管理工具应用以及医院文化等六大核心要素,并对其进行一定的论述,为公立医院改革与发展提供借鉴.     

公立医院经营策略与发展趋势探讨

随着医疗卫生市场对外开放、外资和民营医院异军突起,合作医疗制度及社区卫生服务全面推进,公立医院现行经营模式受到强烈冲击。公立医院亟待更新经营理念,寻找发展契机,确保医院的良性发展。该文针对公立医院的经营现状进行了探讨,总结了公立医院在经营中存在的问题,阐述了医院经营管理体制改革的方向和思路,提出了公立医院经营发展的趋势与对策。     

公立医院经营策略与发展趋势探讨

随着医疗卫生市场对外开放、外资和民营医院异军突起,合作医疗制度及社区卫生服务全面推进,公立医院现行经营模式受到强烈冲击。公立医院亟待更新经营理念,寻找发展契机,确保医院的良性发展。该文针对公立医院的经营现状进行了探讨,总结了公立医院在经营中存在的问题,阐述了医院经营管理体制改革的方向和思路,提出了公立医院经营发展的趋势与对策。     

基于公平正义的公立医院薪酬改革路径研究

运用罗尔斯正义观和亚当斯公平理论对公立医院薪酬改革试点中存在医务人员收入水平偏低、改革推进步伐不一致、经费保障机制不健全、医院内部薪酬设计科学性有待提高等问题进行分析。提出通过建立医疗系统薪酬比较调查制度、出台薪酬制度改革指导意见、确立公立医院薪酬水平及动态调整机制、落实医院经营管理自主权等路径,体现公立医院薪酬改革的公平正义。     

县级公立医院薪酬激励制度改革的理论与实践探讨

改革县级公立医院的运行机制,提升县级公立医院服务能力,发挥县级公立医院的区域基本医疗中心的作用,是体现公立医疗机构的公益性,解决基层群众就医需要的关键措施.文章结合传统薪酬分配制度的缺陷和县级公立医院的经营管理实践,阐述和分析了县级医院实施绩效薪酬制度、有效激励医务人员的必要性和实施路径.     

疫情防控常态化下公立医院经营管理探讨

在疫情防控常态化下,公立医院面临着疫情防控与复工复产双重压力.公立医院业务量、可支配收入下降明显,运营成本增加,在财政补偿不足的情况下收支亏损严重,部分医院出现现金流危机情况,对医院的经营管理提出了新的问题和挑战.文章通过分析疫情防控常态化下公立医院经营管理存在的问题,提出了疫情防控与复工复产两手抓;加强医院运营分析,...     

公立医院管理体制改革探析

为了弄清什么是公立医院的管理体制,公立医院管理体制改革的对象是什么等问题．通过系统阅读和整理若干文献,认为：公立医院管理体制改革不是简单的“管办分开”,其本身并非改革的目的,而只是完善公立医院管理体制的手段：也不等于单纯地建立医院管理理事会。改革我国公立医院陈旧落后的管理体制就是要做到：在公立医院的外部治理上．转变政府职能,实现政府的宏观规划监管职能与微观经营管理职能分开,让医院获得经营管理的自主权：在公立医院的内部治理上．建立以医院管理理事会为核心的法人治理结构。在公立医院拥有充分自主权的前提下。实现公立医院的决策权、执行权与监督权的独立与相互制衡。     

广州市公立医院改革的调查分析

公立医院改革是医疗体制改革的重要内容.为了解广州市公立医院改革的状况,尤其是卫生行政管理人员、医院管理人员对公立医院改革的看法,围绕"医院已经开展的改革和取得的成效、被调查者对公立医院改革路径的选择、被调查者对医疗保障制度和政府职能在医院改革中作用的看法"等方面,采用现场一对一无记名问卷方法进行调查,并对调查结果进行了分析和讨论.     

公立医院财务风险管理的问题及对策研究

以实施新医改的某地市级三甲综合医院财务状况为基础，分析公立医院财务风险管理的现状及存在的问题，从制度、筹资、投资和运营四个方面阐述了提高医院财务风险管理效率的应对措施，以期提高医院的经营管理水平，保障医院战略目标的实现。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.