腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管治疗32例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的体会。方法采用腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管治疗32例胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果 32例患者均成功实施手术,无中转开腹病例。手术时间(98.50±12.78)min,术后肛门恢复排气时间(21.89±5.62)h,术后腹腔引流管时间(4.39±1.04)d,术后住院时间(5.22±1.50)d。术后出现1例胆漏、经充分引流后痊愈,未发生切口感染、出血及胆管狭窄等并发症。出院前1d常规复查MRCP均无胆道残余结石发生。2例行LCBDE放置T管者术后6周行经T管胆道造影检查,证实无结石残留后拔除T管。术后患者均获随访8~12个月,未发生胆道残余结石。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜经胆囊管治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石,创伤小,并发症少,恢复时间短,效果满意。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查手术适应证探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术（LCBDE）的手术适应证及其临床疗效。方法 总结分析吉林大学第一医院普外科2005年11月至2008年3月成功开展腹腔镜胆囊切除联合纤维胆道镜胆总管探查术83例病人的临床资料。 结果 成功完成LCBDE 81例,其中二次胆道手术3例,手术成功率97.6％;中转开腹2例,中转率2.4％。平均手术时间90min,平均肠蠕动恢复时间2.6d,平均术后住院8d。胆总管一期缝合1例术后胆汁瘘,术后1周自愈;术后胆道残余结石2例,经T管窦道行胆道镜治愈。无腹腔出血、胃肠道损伤等并发症,全部治愈,带T管出院。术后4周回院常规T管造影拔管。 结论 胆囊结石及胆囊炎合并胆管结石是腹腔镜胆管探查取石术的最佳手术适应证。     

腹腔镜与内镜联合治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石

目的探讨联合应用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石伴有胆总管结石的可操作性及如何选择最佳的治疗方案。方法在2005年5月至2009年6月期间,我院共有75例胆囊结石伴有胆总管结石患者,根据患者的不同情况采取不同的治疗方案:经内镜括约肌切开术(EST)后行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)21例(EST+LC组);LC后行EST治疗5例(LC+EST组);LC后行腹腔镜下胆总管探查术(LCBDE),术中经胆道镜取石术49例(LC+LCBDE组)。结果 EST+LC组中的21例患者,有2例因胆总管内结石太大而无法取出,中转为LC+LCBDE治疗。LC+EST组中的5例患者,LC术后均经EST治疗后取净结石。LC+LCBDE组中的49例患者中,有35例行LC+TC-CBDE经胆囊管胆道探查术,一期闭合胆囊管;14例行胆总管切开胆道镜取石术,8例一期缝合胆总管,6例放置T管。结论腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石是一个合理、安全、有效的方法,并具有微创、费用低及并发症少等优点。     

腹腔镜手术治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石术联合残余胆囊切除治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的安全性和可行性。方法 2008年2月~2014年6月我院对15例残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(开腹胆囊切除术后7例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术后8例)采用腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石联合腹腔镜残余胆囊切除。结果 14例(93.3%)完成腹腔镜下残余胆囊切除和胆总管探查取石术,其中7例经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石,7例经胆总管切开探查取石;1例(6.7%)因残余胆囊三角炎症严重中转开腹。结石取净率100%。1例术后T管脱出但未造成严重后果。15例随访6~70个月(中位数20个月),未发生术前症状复发、胆总管结石复发或胆总管狭窄等并发症。结论腹腔镜下经残余胆囊管胆道探查取石或经胆总管切开探查取石联合残余胆囊切除是治疗残余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全和可行的方法。     

腹腔镜胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石104例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石的手术方法及临床应用价值。方法回顾性总结2006年8月至2010年12月收治的104例胆总管结石患者经腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床资料。结果 104例患者中94例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管探查取石;10例胆囊或胆道手术史的胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆道探查取石术。手术时间（90±30）min。78例患者（75.0%）未放置T管,全部治愈,无中转开腹;术后早期胆漏发生率6.4%（5/78）,引流3～5d后自愈。26例放置T管患者术后造影3例有残留结石,后经胆道镜取出。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查治疗胆总管结石手术安全有效。     

腹腔镜X线联合经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时在X线透视下经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的可行性。方法：2002年6月至2006年10月85例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石。术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,胆道镜取石网篮,在C臂机透视下用胆道镜网篮取石后经胆囊管取出。结果：85例患者经胆总管造影发现胆总管结石26例,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石成功21例。3例因胆总管损伤中转开腹。2例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流。结论：胆囊结石伴胆总管结石在X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石(附48例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用。方法:回顾分析为48例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗的临床资料。结果:1例中转开腹。28例一期缝合胆总管,20例放置T管引流。手术时间平均(75.0±12.5)min。术后2例出现胆漏,3～5 d后自愈;2例结石残留,经T管窦道胆道镜成功取出。术后平均住院(5.5±1.6)d。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全、可行,手术创伤小、术后康复快。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石术82例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石术的优势、手术要点及术后处理。方法分析82例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除术胆总管切开取石术的手术方法和操作要点。结果 82例腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术均获成功,无中转开腹,平均手术时间115 min,平均出血30 mL,平均住院7 d。8例术后出现胆漏,均经保守治疗后痊愈,无拔T管后胆漏。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜行胆囊切除胆总管切开取石术是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石理想的微创治疗方式。     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管探查取石术的经验总结

目的:总结三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除胆总管探查取石术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床经验。方法:总结2014年1月至2019年8月接受三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除胆道探查取石术的144例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,具体探查方式根据患者情况选择,总结分析患者的临床特点、手术效果、术后恢复及并发症情况。结果:144例患者中32例经胆囊管探查,88例采用胆囊管汇入部微切开,24例采用胆总管切开方式;其中2例因手术暴露困难加用辅助孔完成手术,无一例中转开腹。术中3例放置T管,术后行胆道镜治疗。术后10例发生胆漏,保守治疗后3~7 d痊愈。结论:三孔法腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石术是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石合理、有效的术式,术中胆道镜的应用及胆管缝合是手术成功的关键。     

两种微创治疗方案治疗老年患者胆总管结石的临床对照研究

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管探查术（LC联合LCBDE）与内镜乳头切开取石联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（EST联合LC）治疗老年患者（≥65岁）胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法2005年7月～2010年12月,胆总管直径≥8mm且既往未接受乳头括约肌切开、胆囊切除或胆道手术的110例老年胆总管结石患者,LC联合LCBDE组47例,先行LC,确认胆总管后行LCBDE,结石取净后胆道镜检查胆道系统以确认有无结石残留;EST联合LC组63例,十二指肠镜确认十二指肠乳头,常规ERCP进一步明确诊断后行EST,取石后鼻胆管引流2—5d后行LC。对两组结石清除率、术后并发症、中转开腹率及单次治疗成功率等指标进行对比,并进行随访。结果2组结石清除率、术后并发症、中转开腹率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,而单次治疗成功率Lc联合LCBDE组显著高于EST联合LC组[87．2％（41／47）vs．68．3％（43／63）,z。=5．372,P=0．020]。所有病例随访1—3年,平均2．1年,未出现腹痛、发热及黄疸等症状,B超未见结石复发。结论LC联合LCBDE和EST联合LC都是治疗老年患者胆总管结石安全有效的方法,而在减少治疗次数方面,LC联合LCBDE更有优势。     

腹腔镜胆总管取石和内镜乳头切开取石治疗胆总管结石的回顾性分析

目的:分析两种微创手术方式:腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)结合胆总管取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct extraction,LCBDE)和内镜下乳头括约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)取石联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾近4年余胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的临床资料,其中LC+LCBDE组40例,EST+LC组40例。比较两组手术成功率、结石清除率以及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果:LC+LCBDE组与EST+LC组手术成功率(97.5%比95.0%)、结石清除率(90.0%比92.5%)、术后近期并发症发生率(7.5%比5.0%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组都无围手术期死亡。LC+LCBDE组住院费用与住院时间低于EST+LC组(P<0.001)。LC+LCBDE组未发生远期并发症、无结石复发、EST+LC组2例结石复发和4例发生远期并发症(3例胆道感染、1例复发性胰腺炎)(15.0%)。结论:本研究显示,LC+LCBDE与EST+LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效及安全性相似。LC+LCBDE治疗既保留了Oddi括约肌的功能,避免EST相关的潜在风险;同时缩短住院时间,降低住院费用。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆道结石18例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)治疗胆囊结石、胆道结石患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2013年5月为18例患者行LC联合LCBDE的临床资料。结果:17例顺利完成手术,1例因放置T管困难,中转开腹,术中发现胰头明显增大,质韧,取组织送快速冰冻检查,结果为良性增生,行胆肠内引流术。手术时间平均(138±45)min,术中出血量平均(28±11)ml,平均住院(6.7±0.8)d,术后胃肠功能恢复时间平均(21±6)h,术后下床时间平均(14±3)h,17例平均随访(8.0±3.2)个月,患者恢复良好,未发生胆总管残留结石、胆总管狭窄、胆漏等并发症。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆道结石具有明显的微创优势,是安全、有效的,保证了Oddi括约肌功能的完整性,术后并发症减少,住院时间短,患者康复快,适于基层医院开展。     

EST联合LC治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石

目的：探讨EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的可行性及优越性。方法：先行EST（经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术）取出胆总管结石,再行LC（腹腔镜胆囊切除术）,EST失败或不宜行EST者置ENBD（鼻胆管）再行LC+腹腔镜下胆道探查、胆道镜取石,或开腹行胆道探查术。结果：全组99例,91例LC术前EST取石成功,3例LC术后EST取石成功,3例EST取石失败。2例年龄小于15岁者未行EST改行LC+腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆道镜胆道探查取石。3例EST取石失败,改行腹腔镜下胆道探查胆道镜取石、胆总管一期缝合或T管引流+LC,或开腹胆道探查一期缝合胆总管未置T管（已置ENBD）。无严重并发症,患者均治愈出院。结论：EST联合LC联合治疗胆囊结石胆总管结石是安全、可靠的方法,软硬镜联合充分体现了“微创”治疗的优势。     

多镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜多镜联合在肝内外胆管结石治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2010年8月吉林大学白求恩第一医院收治的316例肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料.其中胆囊结石合并胆总管结石269例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石10例,胆总管结石37例.对于胆总管直径≥10 mm或伴肝内胆管结石的患者行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)+胆道镜取石术;对于胆总管直径>5 mm且<10 mm、胆囊管直径<5 mm的患者行EST+LC或LC+EST;对于胆总管直径≤5 mm、胆囊管直径≥5 mm的患者行LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.结果 本组306例患者成功取石,取石成功率为96.8%(306/316).163例行LC+LCBDE+T管引流+胆道镜取石术,平均手术时间为93.6 min,平均住院时间为9.8 d,平均住院费用为2.8万元,5例患者术后出现并发症.54例患者行EST+LC,平均手术时间为45.0 min,平均住院时间为6.6 d,平均住院费用为2.3万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.67例患者行LC+EST,平均手术时间为40.0 min,平均住院时间为6.1 d,平均住院费用为2.4万元,2例患者术后出现并发症.32例患者行胆总管一期缝合及LC+经胆囊管途径胆总管探查+胆道镜取石术.平均手术时间为97.3 min,平均住院时间为7.3 d,平均住院费用2.5万元,1例患者术后出现并发症.272例患者术后平均随访12个月,6例患者术后胆总管结石复发,其余患者未发现残留结石及胆管狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、十二指肠镜和胆道镜三镜联合治疗肝内外胆管结石具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少的优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.     

Role of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in the management of choledocholithiasis

Surgical fraternity has not yet arrived at any consensus for adequate treatment of choledocholithiasis. Sequential treatment in the form of pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) is considered as optimal treatment till date. With refinements in technique and expertise in field of minimal access surgery, many centres in the world have started offering one stage management of choledocholithiasis by LC with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE). Various modalities have been tried for entering into concurrent common bile duct(CBD) [transcystic(TC) vs transcholedochal(TD)], for confirming stone clearance(intraoperative cholangiogram vs choledochoscopy), and for closure of choledochotomy(T-tube vs biliary stent vs primary closure) during LCBDE. Both TC and TD approaches are safe and effective. TD stone extraction is involved with an increased risk of bile leaks and requires more expertise in intra-corporeal suturing and choledochoscopy. Choice depends on number of stones, size of stone, diameter of cystic duct and CBD. This review article was undertaken to evaluate the role of LCBDE for the management of choledocholithiasis.     

Residual choledocholithiasis in elective cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy

Cholecystectomy is one of the most frequent abdominal operation. Common bile duct stone may be found in 6-15% of elective cholecystectomics. One or more stones may be left behind within common bile duct. In a series of 106 consecutive cholecystectomics performed in the First surgical clinic in Belgrade over six months period (from 07.08.1997.-31.12.1997.) operative cholangiography was performed routinely in every single case. Unexpected common bile duct stone was found in 13 patients (12.26%). After removal of stones choledochoscopy was performed in 7 out of 13 patients with common bile duct stone (53.8%). An operative T-tube cholangiography was performed in all 13 cases before closure of the abdomen. Postoperatively, usually from 8th to 10th day a secondary T-tube cholangiography in the X-ray department was performed in all 13 cases. Retained stone was found in 2 patients, both in group of patients in whom choledochoscopy had not been carried out. The retained stone was successfully removed endoscopically in one case but the second patient had to be reoperated as endoscopy was unsuccessful. We conclude that choledochoscopy reduces the risk of retained common bile duct stone and it should be practiced whenever possible.     

微创治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石57例报告

目的:探讨胆囊结石合并胆管结石的微创治疗方式及如何选择最佳的治疗方案。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2013年6月57例胆囊结石合并胆管结石患者的临床资料。结果:本组57例均顺利完成手术。49例行腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE),其中3例术后发生胆漏,1例为胆总管T管引流,经保守治疗后治愈;2例行胆总管一期缝合,于术后2~3 d急诊开腹手术探查,术后恢复良好;术后经T管造影发现胆管残余结石2例,于术后8~9周经T管窦道取石成功。术前影像学检查发现2例患者胆总管直径<0.8 cm,行内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy for lithotomy,EST-L)+LC,术后恢复良好。3例LC术中经扩张的胆囊管置入胆道镜取石后直接结扎。LC术后确诊继发胆总管结石3例,均行EST-L,患者恢复良好。结论:胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗,应根据患者病情、术者所掌握的技能及设备条件等个体化选择具体术式,一般术前及术中确诊的患者应以"LC+LCBDE"为首选,而LC术后确诊的继发胆总管结石应首选EST-L。由于Oddi括约肌结构的复杂性、功能的特殊性及不可复制性,术者在选择具体手术方式时,应注意保护Oddi括约肌的结构与功能,尽量避免行EST-L。     

胆囊结石并胆总管结石微创治疗方式疗效对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜胆总管探查（LCBDE）+一期缝合（PS）+腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）、腹腔镜胆总管探查+T管引流术（TD）+腹腔镜胆囊切除术和经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）+腹腔镜胆囊切除术三种微创手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 收集2012年7月至2017年7月于北京大学深圳医院因胆总管结石行手术治疗的229例患者的临床资料,对比分析三种微创治疗方式的术前、术中、术后及住院时间及费用情况的差异评价三种手术方式之间差异。结果 三组患者在年龄、性别、术前ALT、术前TBil、胆总管直径、胆总管结石个数和胆总管结石最大直径的差异不具有统计学意义（P>0.05）;三组间术后TBIL、术后镇痛、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;ERCP+LC组较LCBDE+PS组和LCBDE+TD组手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后腹腔引流时间及术后抗生素使用时间短,但中转率高、术后禁食时间长、ALT恢复慢;LCBDE+PS组较ERCP+LC组和LCBDE+TD组术后住院时间短;三组间的住院费用ERCP+LC组>LCBDE+TD组>LCBDE+PS组。结论 ERCP+LC组具有手术时间短、术中出血少、术后腹腔引流时间和使用抗生素时间短的优点,也存在手术中转率较高、术后禁食时间长的缺点。LCBDE+PS组较LCBDE+TD组术后恢复快,生活质量影响小,且并发症发生率未见明显增多。