经尿道电切联合双J管置入术治疗输尿管口周围膀胱肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨经尿道等离子电切术(PKRBt)联合双J管置入在处理输尿管口周围膀胱肿瘤中的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析我院2011年9月至2017年5月41例输尿管口周围非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）患者的临床资料,其中2014年12月至2017年5月的23例患者作为试验组,手术方式采用PKRBt联合双J管置入术;2011年9月至2014年11月18例患者作为对照组,仅行常规PKRBt术。所有患者术前均经CTU证实无输尿管扩张、肾积水,无上尿路肿瘤,术后均坚持吡柔比星膀胱灌注化疗及膀胱镜定期随访。试验组留置双J管期间,嘱患者口服α受体阻滞剂（坦索罗辛）与M受体阻滞剂（索利那新）改善输尿管支架管相关症状,术后3个月拔除双J管。 结果所有手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,试验组患者在留置双J管期间,联合服用坦索罗辛与索利那新后其输尿管支架管相关性躯体疼痛症状得到明显改善,亦未出现持续的不可耐受的尿频尿急尿不尽等下尿路症状;所有患者在维持膀胱灌注化疗药物期间均无严重不良反应发生。经过4~79个月的随访,试验组均未发生输尿管狭窄或肾积水,膀胱镜下见输尿管口外观及喷尿均正常;对照组3例出现患侧输尿管口瘢痕狭窄,其中2例经行输尿管膀胱再植术,1例经行小儿输尿管镜下狭窄段输尿管扩张术。试验组膀胱肿瘤复发8例,对照组7例,复发部位均不在原电切创面,双J管置入后亦未发现上尿路有肿瘤的种植。 结论针对输尿管口周围的非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,为了降低PKRBt术后输尿管口狭窄的发生率,常规于电切术前在患侧输尿管内留置双J管,此法不会增加肿瘤细胞逆行种植上尿路的风险,也不会严重影响患者的生活质量,值得临床上推广应用。     

Value of selective upper tract cytology for recognition of upper tract tumors after treatment of superficial bladder cancer

Background: The value of selective upper urinary tract (UT) cytology in patients who are asymptomatic and tumor free at control cystoscopy after being treated for superficial bladder carcinoma has not been studied. The present study was performed to evaluate the value of selective UT cytology in patients who are tumor free at control cystoscopy after being treated for superficial bladder cancer. Methods: Forty‐seven consecutive patients who had undergone definitive surgical treatment for superficial bladder cancer at least 24 months prior and were tumor free at control cystoscopy were evaluated with bladder wash for cytology as well as selective UT urine cytology by catheterization of both ureteral orifices. Of the 47 patients, disease was stage Ta in 30 (63.8%), T1 in 15 (31.9%) and Ta/Tcis in 2 (4.3%). Primary tumor was unifocal in 24 (51.1%) and multifocal in 23 (48.9%) patients. The time elapsed from the initial diagnosis to the last evaluation ranged from 2 to 21 years (mean 5.39). Results: UT cytology was positive in 2 cases. Although, excretory urography (IVP) revealed mild pelvicalicectasis in 1 of these 2 patients, ureterorenoscopy (URS) revealed no abnormality. In the other patient with normal IVP and retrograde pyelography (RGP), URS revealed a ureteral tumor 5 mm in diameter. Although the UT cytology was normal in the remaining 45 patients, IVP revealed right hydronephrosis in 1 patient and URS revealed multiple ureteral tumors. Conclusion: Given the normal appearance of the UT, it is highly unlikely that these patients have tumor in the UT. Thus, during the follow‐up of patients with superficial bladder cancer, it is not useful to perform UT select cytology in the absence of any identifiable filling defects in the upper urinary tract.     

Vesicorenal reflux and upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma after transurethral resection of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma

Of 288 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder vesicorenal reflux developed after transurethral resection in 26 per cent. This proportion was higher (77 per cent) when we considered only those tumors located near the ureteral orifices. There was a statistically significant relationship (p less than 0.001) between the development of upper urinary tract tumors and vesicorenal reflux (20 per cent of the patients with reflux and 0.9 per cent without reflux had a tumor), which corresponds to a 22-fold greater risk in the former group. Close followup is advised, since 1 of 5 patients with reflux after transurethral resection may have upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.     

Carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter following bladder carcinoma: frequency, risk factors and clinicopathological findings

We followed 657 primary bladder carcinoma patients for at least 10 years or until death. Subsequent carcinomas of the renal pelvis or ureter were found in 11 patients (1.7 per cent) 10 months to 13 years after the primary bladder tumor. In 3 patients the tumors were diagnosed or suspected by excretory urography, while in 5 the tumors were not found until autopsy. Four patients had undergone cystectomy and 9 had multiple bladder tumors at the initial assessment or during followup. The initial or recurrent bladder tumor involved the ipsilateral ureteral orifice in 6 patients. We conclude that in bladder cancer patients routine excretory urography is not indicated in the absence of upper urinary tract symptoms but it should be performed in selected patients, that is those with multiple and recurrent bladder tumors or tumors involving the ureteral orifices, or those with a previous cystectomy.     

经尿道电切输尿管口处浅表性膀胱肿瘤的异议

报告经尿道膀胱肿电瘤电切术治疗近输尿管口处或覆盖输尿管口的浅表性膀胱肿瘤７２例。结果７２例均一次手术成功。无出血等并发症。随访６１例，均无原位肿瘤复发。提出ＴＵＲＢＴ后有可能发生输尿管口狭窄、闭锁和膀胱－输尿管反流，但发生率很低，且无因返流而造成上尿路肿瘤细胞种植及肾功能损害病例。认为该部位浅表性膀胱肿瘤仍应按照Ｂａｒｎｅ＇ｓ原则行ＴＵＲＢＴ。     

A clinical study of associated bladder cancer in patients with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer

We reviewed 76 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, admitted to our hospital between January, 1975 and December, 1988, with special reference to the occurrence of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer was associated with an upper urinary tract neoplasm in 35 of the 76 cases (46.1%), 7 with a preceding bladder cancer, 17 with a coexistent one and 11 with a subsequent one. In case of renal pelvic and upper ureteral cancer the incidence of coexistent or subsequent tumors of the bladder was 28.7% (16 of 56 patients). However, in the cases of lower ureteral cancer the incidence of these tumors was 82.4% (14 of 17 patients). This incidence was significantly higher than that in renal pelvic and upper ureteral cancer. The subsequent bladder cancer was observed in 19 patients including 8 patients who had a recurrence of the bladder cancer after the treatment for a preceding and coexistent bladder cancer. The cancer in most cases occurred within 2 years after the treatment of the upper urinary tract neoplasm. Of 19 patients who had subsequent bladder cancer 11 had primary sites in the renal pelvis and upper ureter. Another 8 patient had primary sites in the lower ureter. Four of the 8 subsequent bladder cancers in patients with lower ureteral cancer occurred just on and around the affected ureteral orifice. All these 4 tumors were high grade and high stage tumors. On the other hand, another 15 patients developed subsequent bladder cancer in a place other than the affected ureteral orifice. Of these 15 patients, 13 cases showed a low grade and low stage tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

输尿管口旁浅表性膀胱肿瘤的微创治疗

目的：总结输尿管口旁浅表性膀胱肿瘤微创治疗的临床经验。方法：在连续硬脊膜外麻醉＋患侧闭孔神经阻滞麻醉下行内腔镜手术治疗输尿管口旁浅表性膀胱肿瘤患者25例,其中2l例肿瘤位于输尿管口周围2．0cm以内,但未累及输尿管口;4例肿瘤基底位于输尿管口内。经尿道先置人70。膀胱镜了解肿瘤具体情况,然后更换电切镜,从基底部将肿瘤及包括输尿管口在内的周围2cm正常膀胱黏膜快速一并完整切除。结果：25例手术均顺利结束,无出血、穿孔等并发症。25例均获得随访,时间为12～24个月,无输尿管口狭窄、闭锁、严重的膀胱输尿管反流、肾功能受损等并发症发生。结论：经尿道微创手术治疗输尿管口旁浅表性膀胱肿瘤,操作简单,创伤小,可代替开放性手术。     

Long-term follow-up of endoscopically treated upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma

Objectives

This report focuses on the long-term follow-up of patients with endoscopically treated upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic therapy.

Methods

From May 1983 to April 1994, 44 patients with TCC of the upper urinary tract underwent conservative endourologic treatment with either electrocautery fulguration or neodymium:yttrium-aluminumgarnet laser at our institution. The mean follow-up period was 5 years (range, 3 months to 11 years).

Results

Renal pelvic tumor sizes ranged from 0.4 to 4.0 cm (mean, 1.5) and ureteral tumors from 0.2 to 1.0 cm (mean, 0.5). The majority of tumors were of pathologic grade 3 or less, and all were Stage T2 or less. Seventeen of 44 patients (38.6%) had local tumor recurrence (mean time to recurrence, 12.8 months; range 1.5 to 64). Mean recurrence time was 7.3 months for renal pelvic tumors and 17.8 months for ureteral tumors. Nineteen of 44 patients (43.2%) developed bladder tumors. The overall 5-year disease-free rate was 57%. No recurrent tumor was shown to have increased in grade, and one recurrent tumor was proved to have progressed in stage. Six patients (14%) ultimately required a nephroureterectomy for recurrence. There were no major complications as a result of endoscopic therapy. Six patients (14%) died of the effects of metastatic TCC, 5 of whom had known muscle invasive bladder TCC.

Conclusions

Endourologic techniques and the conservative treatment of upper urinary tract TCC is an evolving field and can be safely and effectively used as a first-line treatment for upper tract TCC in selected patients.     

上尿路上皮癌手术中输尿管膀胱壁内段3种切除方法的疗效比较

目的比较开放式袖套状切除、经尿道电切以及经尿道铥激光切除输尿管膀胱壁内段治疗上尿路上皮癌的疗效。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学附属第一人民医院2004年5月至2009年5月利用3种不同方法切除输尿管膀胱壁内段治疗上尿路上皮癌的病例共49例。其中开放性输尿管膀胱壁内段袖套状切除术22例（A组）,经尿道电切镜切除输尿管膀胱壁内段15例（B组）,经尿道铥激光输尿管膀胱壁内段切除12例（C组）。比较3种方法的手术时间、术中失血量、导尿管留置时间、腹膜后引流管留置时间、术后住院时间以及肿瘤复发率。结果B、c两组与A组相比,手术时间明显缩短（平均分别为198、183、262rain,P〈0．05）;术中失血量明显减少（平均分别为140、135、363mL,P〈O．05）;术后住院时间明显缩短（平均10、8、12d,P〈o．05）;而B、C两组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。3组术后腹膜后引流管与导尿管平均留置时间无明显差异（P〉O．05）。中位随访时间49个月（12～72个月）,其中A组术后膀胱肿瘤复发5例（2互7％）,腹膜后肿瘤复发1例（6．7％）;B组术后膀胱肿瘤复发4例（26．7％）;C组术后膀胱肿瘤复发2例（16．7％）。对比3组术后膀胱肿瘤复发率,差异无统计学意义（P=0．91）。结论与传统开放手术行输尿管膀胱壁内段袖套状切除术相比较,经尿道输尿管膀胱壁内段电切除术或激光切除术手术时间短、术后出血少、恢复快、不增加术后肿瘤种植及复发率。其中经尿道铥激光输尿管膀胱壁内段切除术更具有切割精确、手术安全性高等特点,有较好的临床应用前景。     

Three cases of transitional cell carcinoma in bladder diverticulum treated by a bladder-preserving approach

Three cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the urinary bladder diverticulum were encountered during a period of 12 years and bladder preserving treatments were performed. Case 1: A 78-year-old man was admitted with a chief complaint of hematuria. Papillary tumors in the diverticulum of the right bladder wall were revealed (TCC, G3, T3N0M0). Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy was performed and complete remission was achieved. When a recurrent bladder tumor appeared 22 months later, transurethral resection was performed and there was no evidence of recurrence for 50 months. Case 2: A 60-year-old man was admitted with a chief complaint of gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed papillary tumors in a bladder diverticulum near the ureteral left orifice. Transurethral resection revealed TCC G2 and carcinoma in situ. Partial cystectomy, including the bladder diverticulum, and vesicoureteral neostomy was performed. The histological stage of the tumor was pTis and the wall of diverticulum possessed a thin muscle layer histopathologically. Twenty two months later, recurrence in the left bladder wall developed and transurethral resection and bladder instillation therapy were performed. For 21 months he had no evidence of recurrence. Case 3: A 59-year-old man was admitted with a chief complaint of hematuria. A solid tumor in the diverticulum of the bladder left wall was revealed. After 4 courses of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy, 41% remission was achieved and partial cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was TCC G3, pT3b, INF-alpha, v (-), ly (-), and no muscle layer was found in the diverticulum. There was no evidence of recurrence 16 months after operation. By using the combination therapy, bladder preserving treatment is possible in the cases of bladder cancer arising in the diverticulum.     

Transitional cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients

We describe our experience in managing transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in renal transplant (RTx) recipients. Nineteen RTx recipients (7 men; 12 women) presented with hematuria or hydronephrosis of native kidneys and were suspected with TCC were reviewed retrospectively; 17 of them proved to have TCC. The mean interval of the occurrence of TCC was 58.7 months (range, 3-144 months) after RTx. The patients with suspected upper tract lesions received bilateral nephroureterectomies (BNU) and bladder cuff resection. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed in patients with concomitant or solitary superficial bladder lesions. Of the 15 patients with upper tract TCC, 8 had bilateral lesions pathologically, but only 2 of them were suspected preoperatively on image study. With a mean follow-up of 28 months (range, 1-57 months) both the overall graft and patient survival rates were 76%; 4 patients with advanced diseases at presentation died. Bladder recurrence was noted in 6 patients (35%). Transplant patients with hematuria warrant detailed study of the whole urinary system and periodic ultrasonography of the native kidneys is recommended in all RTx recipients. Simultaneous BNU for the native kidneys is mandatory if there is any evidence of TCC in either renal/ureteral unit.     

Transurethral approach to the distal ureter in nephroureterectomy: transurethral extraction vs. "pluck" technique with long-term follow-up

OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively compared two techniques of transurethral management of the lower ureter in nephroureterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From August 1992 to December 2003, 34 patients underwent either transurethral detachment of the intramural ureter and cephalad extraction ("pluck"; Group 1, N = 18) or transection of the ureter with subsequent transurethral extraction (Group 2, N = 16). Choice of technique was left to the operating surgeon. All patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (TCC) were regularly followed by cystoscopy and abdominal ultrasound. RESULTS: Of the 34 patients, 29 had upper tract TCC. Mean follow-up in these was 44 months (range: 1-129), with 24 (83.8%) over 24 months. On follow-up, 14 bladder tumors (all superficial) occurred in 7 patients (24.1%), but in no case on the scar of the excised ureteral orifice. No extravesical recurrences in the former ureteral bed were found. Of the 29 with upper tract TCC, 19 (65.5%) are alive without disease (median 45 months, range: 6-129), 5 (17.2%) have died with no evidence of disease (median 34 months, range: 20-58), and 4 (13.8%) have died from progressive disease (median 18 months, range: 1-33); 1 patient was lost to follow-up at 34 months with no evidence of disease. Differences between techniques with regard to blood loss, operative time, complications, and oncologic outcome were not significant. CONCLUSION: Both techniques proved technically and oncologically safe. Bladder tumor recurrence rate was in the range reported for classic nephroureterectomy. No extravesical tumor recurrence in the former ureteral bed or on the scar of the resected ureteral orifice occurred.     

Prognostic factors for survival and bladder recurrence in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors for survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract have been extensively evaluated, but detailed analyses of patterns of bladder recurrence after surgery have been rare. METHODS: The outcome and tumor recurrence of 93 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract surgically treated between 1975 and 1999 were reviewed, retrospectively. Disease-specific survival by pathologic stage and grade were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier METHOD: Prognostic factors for survival and bladder recurrence were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-specific survival rates of the patients with pTa, T1 and T2 were 92.9%, 100% and 88.9%, respectively. However, that of the pT3 patients was 61.9% and the median survival of the pT4 cases was only 7 months. Bladder recurrence was seen in 40 cases and recurrences occurred within 1 year in 32 of these patients. The stage and grade of metachronous bladder tumors usually resembled those of primary tumors, but invasive recurrences were seen in 19% of recurrent cases with primary pTa, pT1 tumors. The significant prognostic factor for survival was pathologic stage (pT3, pT4), but no significant variables were detected for bladder recurrence by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of pT3, pT4 patients is poor and effective systemic adjuvant therapy is necessary. Invasive bladder recurrence occurred in 19% of patients with superficial primary tumors. As no significant prognostic variables for bladder recurrence were identified, careful follow up for bladder recurrence is important even if the primary tumors are non-invasive.     

The outcome of post-transplant transitional cell carcinoma in 10 renal transplant recipients

At our clinic we followed 320 renal transplant recipients, 16 of whom developed malignancies within 15 yr. Ten of the 16 malignancies were transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary tract. The modalities of treatment included standard nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff removal for upper tract tumor, transurethral resection for superficial bladder tumor and partial cystectomy for one case of invasive bladder tumor, as requested by the patient. Post-operative intravesical chemotherapy with epirubicin, or immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were carried out for superficial bladder tumor. Cyclosporine (CsA) used as post-transplant immunosuppressant was switched to low dose azathioprine (Aza) at the initial diagnosis of TCC. Four patients experienced tumor recurrence despite conversion of immunosuppressant from CsA to Aza. Among these 10 patients, five maintained normal renal function, three returned to hemodialysis without tumor recurrence, and two patients died of cancer.     

Bladder tumor recurrence after primary surgery for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

OBJECTIVE: Primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract represents 6-8% of all TCC cases. Nephroureterectomy with removal of a bladder cuff is the treatment of choice. The rates of TCC recurrence in the bladder after primary upper urinary tract surgery described in the literature range between 12.5 and 37.5%. In a retrospective analysis we examined the occurrence of TCC after nephroureterectomy for upper tract TCC in patients without a previous history of bladder TCC at the time of surgery. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2002, 29 patients underwent primary nephroureterectomy for upper tract TCC. The mean age of the patients was 69.5 years. In 5 cases upper urinary tract tumors were multilocular, in the remaining cases unilocular in the renal pelvis (n=12) or the ureter (n=12). The follow-up was available for 29 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.37 (0.1-11.2) years. RESULTS: 11/29 (37.9%) patients had TCC recurrence with 9/11 patients having bladder TCC diagnosed within 2.5 years (0.9-6.0) after nephroureterectomy. 13/29 patients are alive without TCC recurrence, 3/29 patients died due to systemic TCC progression and 5/29 died of unrelated causes without evidence of TCC recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate a high incidence of bladder TCC after nephroureterectomy for primary upper tract TCC of up to 6 years after primary surgery. Because of the high incidence of bladder TCC within the first 3 years of surgery, careful follow-up is needed over at least this period.     

内镜下钬激光治疗早期上尿路上皮肿瘤特殊病例1O例报告

目的探讨内镜下钬激光治疗特殊早期上尿路上皮肿瘤的安全性及有效性。方法2002年4月～2010年5月,对10例不适合行根治性。肾输尿管切除术的早期上尿路上皮肿瘤患者行内镜下钬激光治疗,其中输尿管肿瘤7例（1例合并膀胱肿瘤）,肾盂肿瘤3例。单发7例,多发3例。术前肿瘤分期cTa～cT1。3例对侧已行肾输尿管全长切除,2例孤立肾,3例肾功能不全,1例2～3级心功能不全,1例肿瘤小（〈1cm,位于。肾盂,单发且表浅）。输尿管硬镜治疗7例,软镜1例,微通道经皮肾镜2例。术后行丝裂霉素上尿路及膀胱灌注化疗。结果10例术后随访2年,无肿瘤死亡。1例术后6个月输尿管狭窄,其余均未出现大出血、严重感染、周围脏器损伤及全身肿瘤转移。复发4例,其中1例输尿管合并膀胱肿瘤者膀胱内复发,1例为肾盂内单发肿瘤复发,2例为输尿管单发肿瘤复发。该4例随访5年,1例未见肿瘤复发与转移,3例复发3—4次,且为尿路多处复发,行肾盂输尿管癌根治术,其中2例术后血液透析1年内肿瘤转移死亡。结论对不适合行根治性肾输尿管切除术的早期上尿路上皮肿瘤,内镜下钬激光治疗短期内是安全有效的。     

预防肾盂输尿管癌术后再发膀胱癌的手术方法研究

目的探讨预防。肾盂输尿管癌术后再发膀胱癌的手术方法。方法对156例单纯。肾盂癌、单纯输尿管癌中获随访的139例患者资料进行同顾性总结。肾盂癌78例。输尿管癌61例。肿瘤细胞分级：G1 19例，G2 88例，G3 32例。肿瘤分期：Ta—T1 38例，T2 80例，T3～T4 21例。肿瘤直径0．8—6．0cm。结果139例均行根治性。肾、输尿管及管口周围部分膀胱壁（1．5—2．0cm）切除术。术后随访1～10年。再发膀胱癌55例，占39．6％。肾盂癌术中先用纱条结扎输尿管后游离切除患肾输尿管及管口周围部分膀胱者术后膀胱癌再发率18．5％（5／27），未先结扎输尿管者再发率27．5％（14／51）。术后当日膀胱灌注化疗者膀胱癌再发率32．3％（10／31）。术后3周开始膀胱灌注化疗者膀胱癌再发率34．9％（30／86）。术后当日及术后序贯膀胱灌注化疗者术后膀胱癌再发率20．0％（4／20），单纯术后序贯膀胱灌注化疗者膀胱癌再发率39．3％（26／66）。2者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论术后当日及术后序贯膀胱灌注化疗可有效降低。肾盂输尿管癌术后膀胱癌的再发率，游离切除。肾输尿管前先结扎输尿管对预防肾盂癌术后再发膀胱癌可能有益。     

Review of ureteral carcinoma as seen in mapping of the cystectomized bladder

The incidence of unexpected ureteral carcinoma on mapping and recurrence of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer was examined in 160 patients who had undergone total cystectomy for vesical cancer and complete mapping of the specimens between May, 1978 and June, 1986 at our Center. Unexpected carcinoma in the ureteral stump was found in 5 patients (3.1%) and recurrent cancer in the upper urinary tract developed in 2 (1.3%) of the 160 patients. The incidence was higher in the recurrent bladder cancer cases, and also higher in patients with non-visible, high grade and superficial tumors of the bladders.     

A clinical study of tumor of the renal pelvis and ureter

We report 54 patients with urothelial tumors in upper urinary tract admitted to our hospital between July, 1962 and December, 1985. The patients consisted of 38 males and 16 females; side their ages ranged from 47 to 88 years with a mean of 63.4 years. The affected side was the right side in 21 cases, and the left side in 33 cases. Macro-or microhematuria was observed in 87% of the patients. Pathologically, 53 of the patients had transitional cell carcinoma and 1 had papilloma. Six patients had a past history of bladder tumor. Simultaneous bladder tumor was identified in 10 cases. Vesical recurrence was observed in 5 cases. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was employed as the surgical method in 21 cases, and total nephrectomy without bladder cuff resection in 11 patients. The actual five-year survival rate was 53% for all the patients; 52% for patients with renal pelvic tumors, 75% for those with ureteral tumors and 15% for those with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. The patients who received nephroureterectomy had a postoperative survival rate similar to that of those who received nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection. A simultaneous bladder tumor lowered the survival rate.     

Invasive bladder cancer recurrenced 5 years after complete response status by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report

A 72-year-old man had undergone trasucethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) three times from 1990 to 1991 and he had been lost to follow with no recurrence from 1996, came to our hospital complaining of asymptomatic macrohematuria in May 1999. A bladder tumor existed around the right ureteral orifice with right hydronephrosis. MRI and TUR-Bt revealed that the cancer was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) > small cell carcinoma, G3, pT3b. Because the patient insisted on bladder preservation, intra arterial chemotherapy with cisplatinum (CDDP) and epirubicin (EPI-adr) followed by radiotherapy with CDDP was performed. The treatment resulted in a clinical complete response (CR), and the bladder was preserved. In January 2004, an invasive bladder cancer recurred at the left lateral wall. This time, neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and EPI-adr, followed by radical cystectomy was performed. Histologically, the recurrent bladder cancer was TCC, G3, pT3b.