Fibrovascular polyp of the hypopharynx and esophagus

Fibrovascular polyp of the hypopharynx and esophagus, a rare, benign, intraluminal and submucosal tumor, is most commonly originated from the proximal esophagus. We discussed four cases with regurgitation, respiratory symptom or the feeling of a mass in the throat. All the patients were examined with laryngoscope under general anesthesia. A transverse cervical incision was performed in one patient and the polyps were excised under laryngoscope with CO₂ laser in the other three patients. All the lesions were removed successfully. Diagnostic and therapeutic principles involved in these cases are presented and discussed. The recognition of fibrovascular polyp of the hypopharynx and esophagus as a potential cause of regurgitation is paramount. Surgical excision is recommended because of the satisfactory outcome.

     

下咽和食管的纤维血管性息肉--罕见病例报道及文献回顾

下咽和食管的纤维血管性息肉是一种罕见的、良性、腔内生长、位于粘膜下的瘤样病变,大多数源于食管入口处。本文汇报四例下咽食管纤维血管性息肉的患者,大多表现为反流,呼吸道症状或咽喉异物感。所有的病人经全麻喉镜检查,一例经颈外入路切除肿物,其余三例于支撑喉镜下切除肿物,手术切除顺利。本文讨论了本罕见病的诊断和治疗原则,最重要的是在以反流为主诉的病人中意识到下咽和食管的纤维血管性息肉是一种可能的病因,手术切除可以获得良好的疗效。     

Fibrovascular polyp of the oropharynx

Fibrovascular polyps are benign but rare tumours of the upper digestive tract. In most of the cases reported to date, fibrovascular polyps have originated from the oesophagus or hypopharynx. In 85-90 percent of these reports, the commonest site was adjacent to the cricopharyngeal muscle. We report a very rare case, the third in the English language literature, of a fibrovascular polyp arising from the oropharynx. The patient provided a history of coughing with regurgitation of the polyp, which caused respiratory discomfort that was only relieved by swallowing it. The patient was successfully treated by excision through the peroral route. There was no recurrence in the three years of follow-up. We also discuss the various diagnostic tests available and the pathogenesis and histopathology of such lesions.     

胃镜联合超声胃镜诊断食管、胃底黏膜下血肿1例及文献复习

目的 报告罕见食管、胃底黏膜下巨大血肿1 例,提高对该病的认识及诊断能力.方法 回顾性分析我院2011 年4月经胃镜、胸部CT、超声胃镜检查证实的食管、胃底黏膜下血肿1 例,结合国内外文献,对本病诊治及预后进行分析讨论.结果 纵膈CT:食管管腔偏心性狭窄.胃镜:食管上中下段见一紫红色条形隆起,表面有棕色血泡,占据管腔1/3,延续至胃底.超声胃镜提示:病变位于黏膜层及黏膜下层.结论 食管、胃底黏膜下血肿是引起胸痛罕见病因之一,内科保守治疗预后好.     

Giant fibrolipomatous polyp of the oesophagus: a case report

Giant pedunculated oesophageal polyps are rare intraluminal tumours which are usually benign. they include fibrovascular polyp, liposarcoma, harmatomas and lipomas. They may be asymptomatic for a long time and thus attain an enormous size. We present one of such cases of giant oesophageal polyp in a 28 year-old man with a history of difficulty in breathing and vocalisation, easy fatigability and cough. Dysphagia was late in the complaint and he also had lost 7 kg in the last six months before his presentation. A chest radiograph, barium swallow and oesophagoscopy gave the clinical diagnosis. The thoracic CT examination gave a better delineation of the site of the pedicle, the nature and extent of the tumour mass. The tumour was surgically removed and the final pathological diagnosis was afibro-lipoma of the oesophagus. The patient has since been discharged to follow-up in the Surgical out-patient.     

Urethral polyp verumontanum

Congenital posterior urethral polyps are rare benign lesions that can cause a variety of symptoms in young boys, the diagnosis is usually made by cystourethrogram and ultrasonography where the polyp appears as a soft tissue mass arising at the base of the urinary bladder. We present a case of verumontanum polyp in a 7-year-old boy who presented to us in October 2001 with terminal hematuria, dysuria, interrupted stream and suprapubic pain. The polyp was diagnosed by ultrasonography and cystourethrogram. Transurethral resection of the polyp was performed and pathological assessment revealed a fibroepithelial lesion which is consistent with congenital posterior urethral polyp. After 18 months follow up, the patient was free of symptoms. We reviewed the literature to identify the presentation, diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis of these polyps. In the past 20 years the posterior urethral polyp has become more common than before, and it should be considered in boys with lower urinary tract dysfunction and hematuria.     

Crohn's disease masquerading carcinoma of the esophagus

We present a 47-year-old patient with progressive dysphagia. Upper gastro intestinal endoscopy revealed middle third esophageal ulcer, the histology of which was moderately differentiated carcinoma. The patient underwent 3-stage esophagectomy with cervical gastro esophageal anastomosis. The histopathology revealed Crohn's disease of the esophagus. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rare condition are described, with review of the literature.     

体表超声对腹部食管病变及早期癌的诊断价值

目的了解超声对腹部食管病变及早期癌检出的可能性。方法日常常规超声检查观察７９７例腹部食管;以测量壁厚≥６ｍｍ,局部回声及内腔有异常改变为诊断食管病变的标准。结果７２９例（９２％）食管得以显示。其中７１６例壁厚≤４ｍｍ,诊断为正常,１３例诊断异常;最终证实１３例中食管癌５例（粘膜癌、粘膜肌层癌、粘膜下癌、肌层癌、全层癌各１例）,转移癌２例,溃疡合并水肿２例,憩室合并息肉１例;另１例经内镜超声等诊断为平滑肌瘤,余２例为正常。结论超声不仅可显示食管壁增厚、壁内回声及内腔异常变化,并能发现早期癌,尤对粘膜下肿瘤的检出优于Ｘ线造影及内窥镜检查,其灵敏、简便、无创、无痛苦等优点,可成为高发区普查食管癌和临床常规检查筛选食管疾病的手段。本文还讨论了食管早期癌及其他病变的声像图表现。     

胆囊息肉样病变的诊治

目的 探讨胆囊息肉样病变的诊治原则。方法 回顾研究342例胆囊息肉样病变病例的临床、病理特点。结果 良性息肉共328例,包括胆固醇性息肉234例、单纯腺瘤74例;恶性息肉14例,包括腺癌10例、腺瘤恶变4例。有症状者247例,占72．2％。恶性息肉中年龄大于50岁者占78．6％,息肉最大径大于lcm者占91．7％,息肉为单发者占100％;而在非恶性息肉中分别为29．9％、13．2％、46％,差异均有显著性(p=0．000)。结论 胆固醇性息肉、腺瘤、腺癌是3种最常见的胆囊息肉样病变。对于有症状者应行手术治疗。年龄大于50岁、最大径大于1锄的单发息肉是恶性病变的危险因素。对于无症状者,应综合分析、考虑手术。     

皮肌炎合并食管黏膜剥脱1例

皮肌炎(dermatomyositis,DM)是一种特发性炎症性肌病,以慢性近端骨骼肌无力、独特的皮肤损害为特征.皮肌炎合并食管黏膜剥脱临床上少见.1例36岁男性患者因"四肢肌肉酸痛、吞咽困难及咽痛"入院,被诊断为DM合并食管黏膜剥脱.患者经过糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、针灸及内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic sub...     

食管雪旺细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

目的探讨食管雪旺细胞瘤的临床表现、诊断及预后,以提高食管恶性雪旺细胞瘤的诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析我院1例恶性食管恶性雪旺细胞瘤患者的临床资料。使用PubMed检索系统,检索关键词为esophageal schwannoma或nerve sheath tumor,复习英语发表的临床资料完整的个案报道。结果患者为恶性食管雪旺细胞瘤（核分裂相6个/每50个高倍视野）,经肿块剜除术后随访6年无复发。复习临床资料完整的雪旺细胞瘤25例,其中恶性者4例。根据病灶切除后组织学诊断,临床表现主要是吞咽困难（64.0%）。食管良性和恶性雪旺细胞瘤的年龄、性别、生长方式、生长部位、病变长度、临床表现和手术方式差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。病灶剜除术是主要的手术方式。随访中仅1例良性食管雪旺细胞瘤复发;恶性雪旺细胞瘤最长随访72个月无复发。结论食管黏膜下肿瘤的鉴别诊断中需考虑雪旺细胞瘤的可能,食管雪旺细胞瘤的诊断依赖于病理检查。对部分有选择的恶性雪旺细胞瘤患者,外科手术病灶剜除不失为替代食管切除的手术方式选择。     

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is rare and is present when there are multiple juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, usually the colon. The importance of this condition is the association with the development of colorectal and upper gastrointestinal cancer at a young age. We report the case of a 21-year old male with a two-year history of intermittent rectal bleeding and anal protrusion. Colonoscopy revealed multiple pedunculated cherry red polyps mainly in the left colon. Histology confirmed juvenile polyps. Juvenile polyposis syndrome should be considered in young patients with colonic symptoms, especially rectal bleeding. It is important to distinguish between patients with JPS and patients with an isolated harmatomatous juvenile polyp.     

原发性气管主支气管肿瘤及瘤样病变31例分析

目的:探讨原发性气管主支气管肿瘤的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月-2008年12月徐州医学院附属医院收治的31例气管主支气管肿瘤患者的临床、影像及病理资料。结果:31例气管主支气管肿瘤患者中,男17例,女14例,年龄25～81岁,平均52岁。临床症状依次表现为咳嗽、咳痰、痰血、咯血、喘憋、声嘶、发热等;病程0.5～84个月。临床误诊为哮喘3例,支气管炎3例,咽喉炎1例,肺炎1例。经CT检查发现气管主支气管占位29例,敏感性达93.5%,余2例经纤维支气管镜检出。31例患者行手术治疗;病理结果示恶性肿瘤22例(71.0%),其中腺样囊性癌10例,鳞状细胞癌5例,黏液表皮样癌3例,神经内分泌肿瘤2例,腺泡细胞癌和炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤各1例;9例(29.0%)为良性肿瘤或瘤样病变,错构瘤3例,鳞状上皮乳头状瘤2例,肌上皮肿瘤、血管瘤、纤维上皮性息肉、平滑肌瘤各1例。结论:原发性气管主支气管内肿瘤及瘤样病变少见,易误诊,CT及纤维支气管镜检查是明确诊断的有效方法;病理学类型主要为唾腺来源肿瘤及鳞状细胞癌;手术切除是治疗气管内肿瘤的主要方法。     

距骨和跟骨良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的影像分析

目的分析距骨或跟骨良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的影像学表现及特征。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例距骨或跟骨良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的影像学表现。全部病例均行X线检查,8例行CT检查,6例行MRI检查（有3例两项均检查）。结果动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例,骨巨细胞瘤3例（合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例）,腱鞘囊肿1例,错构瘤1例,骨样骨瘤1例,脂肪瘤1例。影像学表现显示出其各自的相对特征。结论距骨或跟骨良性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变的影像学表现有一定的特征性,CT和MRI能提供非常有价值的诊断征象,还能补充X线平片的影像信息。     

食管壁内气-支气管软骨异位症3例报告

食管壁内气-支气管软骨异位症系一罕见先天性疾病,小儿多见,临床上主要表现为进食困难及进食后呕吐。钡餐检查可见食管远端贲门上方呈局限性狭窄及狭窄上扩张。根据本病特点建议命名为“食管壁内气-支气管软骨异位症。”     

上消化道支架置入术治疗良恶性狭窄和食管气管瘘125例临床分析

目的:探讨上消化道支架置入术对良恶性上消化道狭窄和/或食管气管瘘及并发症的治疗效果。方法:对125例上消化道良恶性狭窄和/或合并食管气管瘘的患者采用镍钛记忆合金支架置入术,观察术后近期疗效和主要并发症。结果:良恶性狭窄的吞咽困难、进食困难和食管气管瘘的呛咳症状得到改善,近期疗效达100.00%。主要并发症为疼痛、胃食管反流、支架移位、脱落和食管再狭窄。结论:上消化道支架置入术是治疗中晚期上消化道良恶性狭窄的有效方法之一,对食管气管瘘的封堵效果也很好。并发症处理后大部分能够得到缓解。     

Jejunojejunal intussusception caused by an inflammatory fibroid polyp. Case report and review of the literature

Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are rare benign submucosal growth of the gastrointestinal tract. The exact pathogenesis is still not well known. Clinical symptoms are variable. Physical exam and laboratory tests are helpful in establishing the diagnosis ; however, microscopic examination of the resected lesions is required to confirm the diagnosis of IFPs. Surgical resection of the lesion remains the primary therapy. Jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to IFPs in particular has only rarely been reported. We have reviewed all documented cases and added a new one to the literature. In this paper, we examine pertinent pathologic, epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of this clinical entity.     

Etiological study of benign esophageal dysphagia with only granulation-report of two cases and litertature review

Etiologies of benign esophageal dysphagia are diverse and a panel of clinical and laboratory investigations should be taken to make the right diagnosis. We report herein two cases of benign esophageal dysphagia of non-infectious origin. Imaging tests identified changes similar to malignancies, while only inflamed granulation tissue was discovered in biopsy specimens. Surgical resection was finally applied due to severe symptoms and the histological study revealed only granulation tissue. They were diagnosed as idiopathic cases when all the known non-infectious pathogenesis were carefully ruled out by sound examination results. The differetail diagnosis of benign esophageal dysphagia is quite important as observational data shows that medical therapy should be applied in certain pathogenesis, while esophagectomy might be the most effective solution for other etiologies. Subsequently a comparison of the manifestations of the two cases and those of esophageal dysphagia induced by other non-infectious etiologies was done to shine some light on the differencial diagnosis of benign esophageal dysphagia.     

Life threatening rectal bleeding due to a giant solitary juvenile polyp in a child. A case report and review of the literature

Juvenile polyps (JP) are a recognized cause of painless rectal bleeding in preschool age children. They are often solitary, pedunculated and small in size but may occasionally grow to large sizes or occur in great numbers, as in juvenile polyposis syndrome. A nine-year-old previously healthy Hispanic boy with prior history of recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting for 4 months presented with sudden onset of massive painless hematochezia and hemorrhagic shock. Following blood transfusion the bleeding spontaneously stopped. Though further evaluation was delayed due to family reticence, eventually colonoscopy was performed and revealed a giant pedunculated solitary polyp in the traverse colon. After resection, the polyp measured 3.2 x 2.2 x 1.7 cm. Histological evaluation revealed juvenile retention polyp. Giant juvenile polyps (greater than 30 mm) are exceedingly rare in children. Life threatening rectal bleeding due to giant solitary juvenile polyp has rarely been previously reported in children. Spontaneous cessation of bleeding should not delay the endoscopic evaluation. In a child with massive hematochesia, JP should still be considered in the differential diagnosis, as highlighted by this case.     

食管结核的临床分析(附12例报告)

目的 探讨食管结核的临床表现和诊断.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2016年12月北京协和医院病理诊断的12例食管结核患者的临床资料.结果 食管结核患者多为中老年,年龄21～69岁,平均50岁;男4例,女8例,男女比例为1∶2.食管中段是食管结核最常累及的部位.临床症状以胸骨后疼痛不适(11例,91.7％)和吞咽困难(6例,50.0％)为主,结核中毒症状不明显.内镜下表现以溃疡型病变较多见(7例,58.3％).内镜下活检病理符合结核是诊断的重要依据.8例患者经抗结核治疗后痊愈.结论 食管结核临床和内镜表现缺乏特异性.诊断主要依据内镜下活检,必要时需要反复取材.对于食管中段的病变特别是溃疡型病变的鉴别诊断应考虑食管结核的可能性.