维持性血液透析病人握力下降现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解维持性血液透析(MHD)病人握力下降情况及其影响因素.方法:采用便利抽样法选取某血液透析培训基地的198例MHD病人作为研究对象,应用一般情况调查表、握力测试器、Fried衰弱表型(FP)、透析客观营养评价法(OSND)对病人进行调查,应用单因素Logistic回归分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探索MHD病人握力下降的影响因素.结果:MHD病人握力水平为(23.11±9.26)kg,其中男性为(26.66±9.55)kg,女性为(18.40±6.33)kg,握力下降率为42.4％(84/198).多因素Logictic回归分析表明男性、透析不充分、营养不良、衰弱和活动量下降是MHD病人握力下降的主要危险因素(模型似然比χ2=150.560,P<0.001).结论:MHD病人握力水平不佳,男性病人更易发生握力下降,临床应加强病人透析充分性指标、营养情况和衰弱状态的监测,鼓励病人进行一定强度的运动.     

维持性血液透析患者体能水平现状调查及影响因素研究

目的评估维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者体能水平,并确定MHD患者体能水平的重要预测因子。方法本研究包括103例在四川大学华西医院行MHD的患者,调查其一般资料及体能水平(6min步行试验、握力、Berg平衡量表)现状。结果 MHD患者体能水平均显著下降,6min步行试验总距离为(424.64±91.45)m;握力为(24.97±8.55)Kg;Berg平衡量表得分为(50.90±5.76)。多元线性回归显示睡眠障碍是影响患者6min步行试验的独立危险因素(β=-0.365,P=0.001);年龄、体质量指数是影响患者握力的独立危险因素(β值分别为-0.431,0.301;P值分别为0.001,0.002);年龄、糖尿病是影响患者平衡能力的独立危险因素(β值分别为-0.280,-0.275;P值分别为0.013,0.023)。结论 MHD患者体能水平是下降的,应及早识别危险因素,重视多学科合作,维持或提高患者体能水平,促使患者提高生活质量、回归社会。     

维持性血液透析患者衰弱现状调查与影响因素分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者衰弱发生现状与影响因素,以便为构建护理干预措施提供依据。方法 于2021年12月—2022年3月,采用一般资料调查表、综合医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、埃德蒙顿衰弱量表（EFS）对衡阳市某三级甲等医院血液净化中心的216例MHD患者进行调查,采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析,确定血透患者衰弱发生的影响因素。结果 MHD患者衰弱发生率为46.76%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、服药种类、透析充分性、跌倒史为促成MHD患者衰弱发生的影响因素,白蛋白水平高、握力大为减少衰弱发生的因素,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论MHD患者衰弱发生率较高,且与年龄、白蛋白水平、服药种类、跌倒史、握力、透析充分性密切相关,针对上述影响因素尽早实施相应的护理干预措施,以降低MHD患者衰弱发生率。     

维持性血液透析患者生理功能和生活质量的横断面调查及影响因素分析

目的评估维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者生理功能、生活质量评分情况,并分析其相关影响因素。方法选择中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院规律血液透析超过3个月的MHD患者123例,调查其生理功能(日常生活活动能力、握力、6分钟步行试验)及SF-36生活质量评分。结果①生理功能:能独立完成所有日常生活活动项目的患者仅35人(28.5%)。MHD患者普遍存在握力下降(20.8±9.1)kg。多元线性回归结果显示,MHD患者性别、年龄、透析龄、血清白蛋白水平与MHD患者握力下降密切相关(标准化系数β值分别为0.283、-0.772、-0.096、1.544,P值分别为0.001、0.001、0.022、0.001)。MHD患者6分钟步行试验(six-minute walking test,6MWT)为(413.6±111.3)m,显著低于普通成年个体。多元线性回归结果显示,MHD患者年龄每增加10岁,6MWT下降58.4m;血白蛋白每增加10g/L,6MWT增加191.8m。②生活质量评分:MHD患者普遍存在生活质量评分的下降,机体功能44.92±11.11、工作能力59.7±35.73、躯体疼痛74.38±19.47、一般健康状况48.38±11.41、活力57.71±10.01、社会功能66.56±21.94、情感角色41.38±35.96、精神健康36.87±7.81、SF-36总分53.91±6.30。结论 MHD患者普遍伴随着生理功能障碍以及生活质量评分的下降。早期关注MHD患者的生理功能下降,及时采取康复干预,对延缓MHD患者的功能障碍,提高生活质量评分具有重要的临床实际意义。     

维持性血液透析患者开展握力测量时间的探讨

目的探讨维持性血液透析(Maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者开展定期握力监测的最佳测量时间。方法 112例患者:青年组18例;中年组63例;老年组31例。分别测量最大透析间期和最小透析间期的透析前、透析后的握力值,并分析其差异性。结果 1全部患者透析前握力均值为30.90±12.63kg;透析后握力均值为28.95±12.08kg;(t=5.999;P=0.000)具有显著统计学差异;2全部患者最大透析间期透析前握力值30.90±12.63kg;最小透析间期透析前握力值31.62±12.17kg;(t=-2.388;P=0.019),具有统计学差异;3分年龄组后,青年组最大透析间期握力44.56±13.63kg;最小透析间期握力42.81±13.25kg;中年组最大透析间期握力31.11±10.31kg;最小透析间期握力32.24±10.56kg;老年组最大透析间期握力22.55±9.04kg;最小透析间期握力23.84±8.93kg;(F值分别为24.087,17.948;t均=0.000),具有统计学意义;4全部患者中100例为主力侧手臂测量握力,均值32.44±12.22kg;12例为非主力侧手臂测量,占全部样本量的10.7%,均值为24.13±9.59kg,(t=2.105,P=0.038)。结论 MHD患者握力测量的最佳时间为最小透析间期的透析前测量更利于管理,同时反映其相对较好的营养状况达到个体握力峰值。     

维持性血液透析患者营养评估和人体成分分析

目的调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的营养现状、人体成分分布及其影响因素。方法选择MHD患者123例,应用人体成分检测仪(body composition monitoring,BCM)、人体测量和生化指标评估患者营养和人体成分分布。结果 36.6%的MHD患者存在营养不良。营养不良组患者瘦组织指数(1ean tissue index,LTI)显著低于营养良好组(11.598±2.700比12.958±2.531,t=-2.801,P=0.006)。超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)升高是患者低瘦组织指数的独立危险因素(OR=2.431,95%CI=1.136~5.201,P=0.022);而握力是瘦组织指数的保护因素(OR=0.219,95%CI=0.097~0.497,P0.001)。结论营养不良MHD患者的人体成分表现为瘦组织量不足。瘦组织量的下降可能与炎症有关;握力可作为MHD患者肌肉量下降的监测指标。     

维持性血液透析患者运动现状与运动自我效能的关系

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者(MHD)的运动现状与运动自我效能的关系,分析运动现状与运动自我效能的影响因素,并改善方法。方法便利抽取我院治疗的维持性透析患者199例,对所有患者完成问卷调查,包括性别、年龄、身高、干体重、文化程度、经济情况、原发疾病及并发症等。运动现状包括握力、6分钟步行实验(six-minute walkingtest,6MWT)。采用运动自我效能量表(ESE)对运动自我效能进行评价,研究MHD患者运动现状与运动自我效能的关系。结果维持性血液透析患者运动现状分析显示6 MWT为(396.74±91.89) m,握力男性(27.78±8.81) kg,女性(19.61±5.88) kg,低于普通成年人的平均值;运动自我效能得分(40.41±24.43)分;采用Spearman相关分析得出MHD患者运动现状与运动自我效能呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 MHD患者运动现状及运动自我效能处于较低水平,在临床实践中,医务人员应重视MHD患者的运动,多途径多学科结合,个体化实施运动疗法,提高患者运动自我效能,可提升患者机体活动能力,改善运动现状。     

生活方式对维持性血液透析患者预后影响的研究进展

维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)是终末期肾病最有效的治疗方法之一.我国MHD患病率逐年升高,截止2018年总患病率约414/100万,现有在透患者近58万人.MHD患者预后不良,50％患者出现心脑血管疾病并发症.生活方式在MHD预后中的重要作用,目前相关研究多集中于营养、运动、...     

成年维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘上肢功能与健康个体比较的研究

目的 比较维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)动静脉内瘘右利手患者与成年健康个体之间上肢功能的差异。方法 横断面研究,纳入北京市6家血液透析中心的MHD动静脉内瘘且右利手患者,收集人口学资料、生化资料、握力及简易上肢功能检查(simple test for evaluating hand function,STEF)等上肢功能指标。MHD患者及成年健康个体上肢功能的比较采用t检验。结果共入组MHD患者90例,其中男性51例(56.7%),年龄(59.63±10.60)岁,中位透析龄62.50(24.00,113.00)个月。将入组的MHD患者按照性别及年龄分组,与成年同年龄段健康人群的握力相比,35～40岁组[女性：(20.27±1.10)kg比28 kg,t=-9.968,P=0.064;男性：(25.85±8.38)kg比45 kg,t=-4.998,P=0.038]、41～50岁组[女性：(20.37±9.25)kg比28 kg,t=-1.844,P=0.139;男性：(27.59±10.43)kg比43 kg,t=-4.433,P=0.00...     

血清25-羟维生素D3对维持性血液透析患者肌少症预测价值

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D_3[25-(OH)D_3]对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者肌少症预测价值。方法选取2019年1—6月收治的行MHD 186例,按照是否诊断肌少症将其分为肌少症组(64例)和非肌少症组(122例)两组,按照血清25-(OH)D_3水平将其分为维生素D_3(VD_3)缺乏组(126例)、VD_3不足组(48例)和VD_3充足组(12例)3组。比较肌少症组和非肌少症组一般资料、肌少症评价指标、实验室资料及不同血清25-(OH)D_3水平MHD 3组肌少症发病情况、评价指标,分析MHD患者血清25-(OH)D_3与其他指标相关性,探讨血清25-(OH)D_3对MHD患者肌少症预测价值。结果肌少症组年龄大于非肌少症组,骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)、握力、4 m步速、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围、血红蛋白、白蛋白及血清尿素、肌酐、25-(OH)D_3低于非肌少症组(P0.05或P0.01)。与VD_3充足组比较,VD_3缺乏组肌少症发病率升高,肌少症评价指标降低,VD_3不足组握力和4 m步速降低;与VD_3不足组比较,VD_3缺乏组肌少症评价指标降低(P0.05)。MHD患者血清25-(OH)D_3与SMI、4 m步速和肱三头肌皮褶厚度呈正相关,与握力呈负相关(P0.01)。血清25-(OH)D_3预测MHD患者肌少症的曲线下面积为0.827,最佳截断值为23.15 ng/ml。结论血清25-(OH)D_3在是否诊断肌少症MHD患者中存在差异,并与肌少症评价指标有相关性,对MHD患者肌少症有较好预测价值。     

Hand function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of hand function in 30 subjects on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with a forearm vascular access. Hand function was evaluated by measuring subjects' grip and pinch strength, range of motion, edema, and sensation and with the Grip Function Test and self-assessment scale. A difference in all hand function test results was found in the extremity with the vascular access compared with the contralateral extremity. Comparison of short-term subjects (on MHD less than two years) with long-term subjects (on MHD greater than two years) revealed significantly lower handgrip strength (p less than .05) and pinch strength (p less than .05) and significantly higher hand volume (edema) (p less than .05) in the long-term group than in the short-term group. We suggest that both the chronicity of renal failure and the presence of a vascular access may contribute to deterioration of hand function. The presence of hand deterioration in patients on MHD identifies a new patient population and a need for early baseline measurement and periodic assessment by physical therapists or hand therapists as renal rehabilitation team members.     

维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者运动干预方案的构建及应用

目的 构建维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者透析中运动干预方案并评价其应用效果.方法 基于证据总结和德尔菲专家函询法,构建维持性血液透析合并肌少症患者透析中运动干预方案.将2021年3月—7月在连云港市某三级甲等医院行维持性血液透析合并肌少症的51例患者随机分为试验组25例和对照组26例,试验组在常规护理的基础上实施透析中运...     

维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘侧上肢功能障碍及其影响因素的研究

目的评估维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者动静脉内瘘侧上肢功能,分析动静脉内瘘对肢体功能的影响和相关影响因素。方法选择中国康复研究中心北京博爱医院规律血液透析超过3个月的MHD患者67例,评估其上肢功能:双手握力、指捏力、腕关节活动度和简易上肢功能评分。结果①握力:MHD患者内瘘侧握力与非内瘘侧相比偏低[(24.22±12.54)比(26.05±11.01)N,t=-2.075,P=0.042];多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、白蛋白、内瘘侧被动背伸异常为内瘘侧握力水平下降的独立危险因素(β分别为-0.364、0.408、-0.231,P值分别为0.002、0.001、0.044),动静脉内瘘是利手握力的独立危险因素(β=-0.345,P=0.006)。②指捏力:内瘘侧指捏力与非内瘘侧相比无明显差异[拇指-食指:(6.24±3.78)比(6.19±2.13)N,t=0.104,P=0.918;拇指-中指:(4.69±1.70)比(4.83±1.57)N,t=-0.820,P=0.417;拇指-无名指:(2.97±1.35)比(3.10±0.99)N,t=-0.808,P=0.423]。③腕关节活动度:内瘘侧的被动掌曲活动度异常的比例较非内瘘侧高(38.6%比19.3%,x^2=5.160,P=0.023)。④简易上肢功能评分:评分异常者在内瘘组和非内瘘组所占比例无统计学差异(6%比9%,x^2=0.437,P=0.509),内瘘侧肢体与非内瘘侧肢体相比粗大动作评分(49比47,Z=-1.371,P=0.170)、精细动作评分(49比48,Z=-1.126,P=0.260)和总分(96比96,Z=-1.285,P=0.199)无统计学差异。结论MHD患者内瘘侧肢体与非内瘘侧肢体相比存在握力下降和被动掌曲功能异常,需要引起临床医师的高度关注,尽早开展内瘘侧手部的抓握运动及腕关节的掌曲、背伸、旋转活动,以期提高患者的生活质量和工作能力。     

Effect of wrist positioning on the repeatability and strength of power grip.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested the between-day repeatability and effect of wrist positioning on grip strength measurement. METHOD: Thirty healthy men 20 years to 69 years of age were tested twice, 1 week apart, in six wrist positions. RESULTS: The findings showed good repeatability for grip strength, with the intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(1, 3)] ranging from .9043 to .9663. Significant differences were found in grip strength among the six positions (p < . 001), with grip strength measured at 15 degrees or 30 degrees of wrist extension (EXT) and 0 degrees ulnar deviation (UD) significantly greater than that of 0 degrees UD and 0 degrees EXT or 15 degrees UD with or without EXT This finding suggests the clinical importance of standardizing the testing position for grip strength measurement. CONCLUSION: The high repeatability of the tests supports the use of the grip strength measurement to evaluate treatment progress.     

Optimal scoring methods of hand-strength tests in patients with stroke

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal scoring methods for measuring strength of the more-affected hand in patients with stroke by examining the effect of reducing measurement errors. Three hand-strength tests of grip, palmar pinch, and lateral pinch were administered at two sessions in 56 patients with stroke. Five scoring methods were used to present the strength scores. The smallest real difference was used to provide information on the measurement error. The smallest real difference percentage was used to compare the effect on minimizing the error. Using mean score of tests for nonspastic patients carried out at least twice was found to be advisable to minimize measurement errors in the grip, palmar pinch, and lateral pinch tests. However, the use of hand-strength tests for patients with spasticity is limited because of the relatively high measurement errors.     

Interobserver reproducibility of the assessment of severity of complaints,grip strength,and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interobserver reproducibility of the assessment of severity of complaints, grip strength, and pressure pain threshold in patients with lateral epicondylitis in primary care. DESIGN: Two physiotherapists assessed independently, and in randomized order, the severity of complaints scored on an 11-point numeric rating scale, pain-free grip strength, maximum grip strength, and pressure pain threshold. SETTING: Primary care center in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty patients were assessed by both physiotherapists. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess interobserver reliability. The Bland and Altman method was used to assess interobserver agreement, which included calculation of the mean difference between the observers (d), the 95% CI for d, the standard deviation of the differences, and the 95% limits of agreement. Finally, the smallest detectable difference (SDD) was calculated. RESULTS: The ICC for the severity of complaints was.90. The ICCs for the pain-free grip strength and maximum grip strength were.97 and.98, respectively. The pressure pain threshold showed a lower reliability (ICC=.77). The interobserver agreement for all outcome measures was good, but systematic differences in assessment between the physiotherapists were found for the maximum grip strength and pressure pain threshold. For pressure pain threshold, the SDD was clearly larger than the predefined acceptable difference of 10% of the total range of measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The interobserver reliability of severity of complaints and grip strength was excellent, whereas the pressure pain threshold showed unsatisfactory reliability. Grip strength and overall assessment of the severity of complaints are useful and reliable measures for the assessment of lateral epicondylitis. Pain-free grip strength, in particular, is relatively easy to perform and has been shown to be associated with other measures of functional disability in patients with lateral epicondylitis. We, therefore, recommend the use of pain-free grip strength in both research and clinical practice.     

Force tracking system for the assessment of grip force control in patients with neuromuscular diseases

Background. The majority of hand functionality assessment methods consist of the maximal voluntary grip force measurement. Additional knowledge on sensory-motor control can be obtained by capturing functional grip force in a time frame. Tracking methods have been successfully used for the assessment of grip force control in stroke patients and patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods. A novel tracking system for the evaluation of grip force control is presented. The system consists of a grip-measuring device with the end-objects of different shapes which was used as input to a tracking task where the patient applied the grip force according to the visual feedback. The grip force control was assessed in 20 patients with neuromuscular diseases and 9 healthy subjects. The performance of two tracking tasks was analysed in five grips. The ramp-tracking task was designed to assess the grip strength and muscle fatigue. The sinus-tracking task was used to evaluate grip force control during periodic muscle activation.

Findings. The results suggest that in some patients the disease did not affect their grip force control despite evident muscular weakness. Most patients produced larger tracking errors in precision grip while the healthy subjects showed less significant differences in performance among the grips tested.

Interpretation. The current study investigated force control in patients with neuromuscular diseases where detection of small changes in motor performance is important when following the progress of disease. The presented evaluation method can provide additional information on muscle activation and fatigue as compared to traditional grip strength testing.     

营养管理在纠正维持性血液透析患者营养不良中的作用

目的:探讨营养管理在纠正维持性血液透析患者营养不良中的作用。方法:对80例患者实施6个月的营养管理干预,在干预前后通过综合营养评价、人体学指标测量、生化指标测定及透析状况分析等方法,评价患者的营养状况,进行营养管理干预。结果:干预后维持性血液透析患者营养不良发生率由80.00%降低到51.90%,其中重度营养不良的发生率由20.00%降低到7.60%,干预后患者上臂肌围、前白蛋白、血红蛋白及透析前肌酐高于干预前,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:增加蛋白质、热量摄入,纠正代谢性酸中毒及应用促红细胞生成素等药物有望改善预后。     

两种标准化的握力测试方式对健康青年握力测试结果的影响

目的比较美国手部疗法协会和国民体质测定标准手册所推荐两种标准化的握力测试方式对健康青年握力测试结果的影响。方法采用Dynamometer G100型握力器,用两种方法分别测量32名右利手健康青年左手和右手的握力,各测试3次,取平均值。结果采用美国手部疗法协会标准测试方式所测得的左、右手的握力小于国民体质测定标准测试的左、右手的握力(P<0.05)。结论两种标准化测试方式有显著差异。建议临床研究握力需统一测试方式,并建议采用美国手部疗法协会推荐的测试方式。     

健康青年握力与人体计量资料的相关性

目的探讨健康青年的握力与人体计量资料的相关性。方法采集32名右利手健康青年的年龄、身高、体重、前臂长、前臂围、手长、手宽和掌厚等人体计量资料,用Dynamometer G100型握力器测试右手握力。结果所有受试者的握力与除年龄(r=-0.009)以外的人体计量资料均有明显相关性(r=0.479～0.754,PP<0.01),且与手长和手宽的相关性更密切(r=0.850,P<0.01)。逐步回归分析结果显示手长和手宽是握力主要预测因素(R²=0.723)。结论健康青年的握力与手部的人体计量资料密切相关,其中手长和手宽可以较好地预测握力大小。