血凝仪室内质控血浆的制备及应用评价

目的探讨STA Compact全自动血凝仪用室内质控血浆的自制方法，并对其应用进行评估。方法收集凝血检验正常人的混合血浆，经离心加入血浆稳定剂后制成正常值（N值）血浆，用N值血浆加入小牛血清后制成异常值（P值）血浆，经定值分装后贮存。对质控效果和稳定性进行评估。结果自制质控血浆与进口质控血浆比较，定值范围、质控效果、室温下稳定性等差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论自制质控血浆制作方法简便，易于掌握，质控效果与STAGO原装进口质控血浆相近，可用于室内质控。     

新鲜冰冻血浆用于凝血功能检验室内质控的探讨

目的探讨用新鲜冰冻血浆进行凝血检验室内质控的可行性。方法选用中心血站提供的新鲜冰冻血浆,经过快速解冻处理后进行定值、分装、保存。结果自制凝血质控血浆与德国DADE公司的冻干质控血浆具有相似的效果,自制质控血浆稳定性部分良好。结论通过自制凝血室内质控血浆的研制,大大节约了试剂成本的支出,从稳定性和质控效果上看,可以用于凝血检验项目的室内质量控制。     

凝血5项试验室内质控血浆的制备及应用评价

目的自制凝血试验多项目质控血浆用于常规凝血4项及D-二聚体的室内质量控制并对其进行评价。方法选择符合条件的健康人血浆,经充分混合后分装、低温保存,并对其进行精密度和稳定性评价。结果质控血浆制备方法简便,精密度与稳定性俱佳,至少稳定保存6个月,与试剂配套质控血浆具有相似的效果。结论自制血凝多项目质控血浆具有良好精密度、稳定性,可替代进口质控品用于血凝仪室内质控。     

自制凝血质控血浆的研制及评估

目的 自制凝血质控血浆替代凝血三项(PT、APTT、FIB)质控参比血浆,并对其进行评估.方法 选择凝血三项均正常的外科术前筛查患者血浆,经混合、冷藏、离心等处理后进行定值、分装及贮存,并从质控图评估其质控效果及稳定性.结果 自制凝血质控血浆三个项目的SD均较小,提示检测的精密度较好;可以满足检测需要,能及时发现可能引起的失控原因;自制质控血浆的凝血三项平均值均在较小的范围内,变异系数分别为PT 3.16％、APTT 5.06％、FIB 4.19％,稳定性较好.结论 自制凝血质控血浆可以起到室内质控的效果,并具有有一定的稳定性,可以替代进口室内质控血浆用作凝血试验的质控物.     

凝血检验室内质控血浆的制备与评估

目的自制凝血检验室内质控血浆并对其进行评估。方法选择符合条件的正常人血浆,经过混合、离心、防腐等处理后定值、分装和保存。从质控效果和稳定性两方面对其进行评估。结果自制凝血检验室内质控血浆方法简便,在室内质控方面和B iopool定值质控血浆具有相似的效果,当血凝仪报告结果发生失控时能及时反映出来。稳定期半年。结论摸索出了凝血检验室内质控血浆的配制方法,从质控效果和稳定性两方面评估表明完全可以用于凝血检验的室内质控。     

常规凝血检查室内质控血浆的制备与评价

目的 自制凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、凝血酶时间(TT)室内质控血浆并进行评价.方法 选择(去除溶血、黄疸、脂血和浑浊者)健康体检人血浆50例,经过混合、离心、防腐等处理后定殖、分装和保存,从稳定性和质控效果两方面对其评价.结果 自制室内质控血浆方法简单,稳定性好(长达4个月),在室内质控方面与定殖质控血浆效果相似,当PT、APTT、Fib、TT结果失控时能及时反映出来.结论 从稳定性和质控效果两方面对自制血浆进行评价,表明完全可用于室内质控,并可降低科室成本.     

自制凝血室内质控品的使用与评估

目的：评价自制凝血质控血浆的质控效果。方法收集健康者的新鲜混合血浆保存于-70℃冰箱,每周用原装质控血浆（N 浆、P 浆）对凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）和纤维蛋白原（Fib）进行定标校准1次,对自制质控血浆进行精密度、准确度、稳定性观察。结果自制质控品 APTT、PT、TT、FIB 每月的变异系数百分比（CV％）变化均较小,均小于 CLIA′88规定的各项目的1/4总允许误差,室间质评成绩均为优秀。结论自制凝血质控血浆精密度、准确度均能满足临床要求,稳定期可达到12个月,是合格的室内质控品,值得推广应用。     

基层医院室内质控品的自制及应用

目的自制室内质控品作为测定凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）参比血浆，评价自制室内质控品是否符合临床要求，降低检验成本。方法收集日常工作中PT、APTT均正常且常见传染病检测均为阴性的临床样本，混合后分装，置-20℃冷冻备用。结果自制室内质控品（冷冻混合血浆）在60d内与新鲜混合血浆的PT、APTT比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论自制室内质控品符合室内质控要求，此分装方法可用于自制室内质控品，可降低检验成本。     

混合血浆制备异常凝血质控物及其稳定性的探讨

目的 探讨采集检测后的混合血浆制备异常质控血浆的稳定性和精密度,能否作为日常凝血室内质控物.方法 采集40人份以上血浆混合封盖,置于37 ℃水浴箱中,连续进行凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)检测,当PT、APTT值分别比正常对照相差约2～3倍的值时,立即将混合血浆分装于塑料小离心管,每支约0.3 ml,置-80 ℃超低温冰箱速冻备用.每天从冷冻冰箱取出1支置于37 ℃水浴中速溶后,随同当日凝血标本检测,连续观察5个月.结果 分别计算出 5个月的PT、APTT、FIB均值、标准差,以第一个月的均值、标准差为靶值作t检验比较得出:5个月PT、APTT、FIB比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CV值＜5%.结论 自制异常质控血浆保存在-80 ℃时,PT、APTT、FIB可稳定5个月以上,可用于日常凝血室内质控.     

健康者混合血浆制备凝血质控物及其稳定性的探讨

目的 探讨健康者凝血混合血浆的制备、稳定性和精密度,能否作为日常凝血室内质控物.方法 采集门诊健康者20例(男、女各半),制作混合血浆,分装于塑料小离心管,每支约0.3 mL,置-20 ℃低温冰箱速冻备用.每天从冷冻冰箱取出1支速溶后,同时复溶1瓶进口正常水平凝血质控物,随同当日凝血标本检测,记录每日结果.结果 PT、...     

Fresh-frozen plasma, pathogen-reduced single-donor plasma or bio-pharmaceutical plasma?

Three types of therapeutic plasma are available that differ in their manufacturing processes, composition, clinical efficacy, and side effects. Quarantine-stored, not pathogen-reduced fresh-frozen plasma (QFFP) is prepared from single whole blood or plasma donations. The manufacture of pathogen-reduced single-donor plasmas such as methylene blue-light treated (MLP) or amotosalen-ultraviolet light treated plasma (ALP) involves the addition of a chemical followed by irradiation and subsequent removal of the chemical. Both plasma types show substantial fluctuation of clotting factor and inhibitor levels according to interindividual variations, and both carry the risk of inducing transfusion-associated lung injury (TRALI). Photo-oxidation in pathogen-reduced single-donor plasmas reduces clottable fibrinogen and other clotting factors markedly, and there is a lack of clear evidence showing whether this is harmful or not. MLP also appears to be less effective clinically than QFFP. Like clotting factor or inhibitor concentrates, solvent/detergent-treated plasmas (SDP) are bio-pharmaceutical preparations derived from large plasma pools, and variations in plasma protein levels from batch-to-batch are for that reason low. The SD manufacturing process inevitably involves a considerable reduction of plasmin inhibitor (PI), and moderate reduction of all other clotting factors and inhibitors in the final plasma bags. Clinical studies and broad clinical use have however shown that this does not significantly reduce clinical efficacy or increase adverse events. SDPs obviously do not induce TRALI and the risk of allergic reactions is significantly lower than for QFFP. Common to all three plasma types is that the time between donation and freezing the plasma, and whether plasma from whole blood or apheresis plasma is used as starting material, are decisive determinants for the clotting factor and inhibitor potencies in the final bags. Plasma frozen 3-6h after donation, and apheresis plasma, contain markedly greater amounts of clotting factors and inhibitors than plasma frozen 15-24h after collection or plasma from whole blood. Lyophilisation and the pooling of single-donor plasma units with ABO blood group in suitable proportions (Uniplas) facilitate SDP handling and logistics without loss of clinical efficacy. SDP is obviously at least as cost-effective as QFFP if non-infectious adverse events including TRALI are taken into account, at least in younger patients and patients with good prognosis.     

Partial plasma protein replacement in therapeutic plasma exchange

We wished to determine whether subtotal replacement of protein in plasma removed at plasma exchange would be adequate to prevent hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia. Seven well nourished outpatients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis underwent 60 plasma exchanges in which two liters of plasma were replaced with 750 ml saline followed by 1250 ml of a 5% albumin solution (62.5% albumin replacement). Total serum protein, protein electrophoresis, and immunoglobulin levels were measured before and after each exchange. Clinically, the exchanges were well tolerated. Total serum protein dropped by a mean of only 18% during the study and mean preexchange serum albumin levels were unchanged, even though immunoglobulins decreased by 57–72%. We conclude that in well nourished patients, partial albumin replacement of this magnitude is an adequate substitute for plasma removed in a plasma exchange.     

Range of fractionated plasma products to optimize plasma resources

<正>HUMAN PLASMA is a source material that is crucial for the production of unique therapeutic fractionated products.Indeed,plasma contains hundreds of proteins ensuring many physiological functions.The most abundant proteins,albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG),are present at about 35 and 10 g/L,respectively,representing about 80% of all plasma proteins.However,other important therapeutic proteins include the coagulation factors (factor Ⅷ (FⅧ); FⅨ; Von Willebrand Factor (VWF),fibrinogen) various protease inhibitors (alpha 1-antitrypsin; antithrombin; C1-esterase) and anticoagulants (protein C) which exhibit potent physiological activity.Currently over 10 different protein therapeutics can be extracted from plasma to treat life-threatening diseases or injuries associated to bleeding and thrombotic disorders,immunological diseases,infectious conditions as well as tissue degenerating diseases,thus addressing the clinical needs of many patients.Considering that plasma is a very valuable resources available in limited supply at national levels,it is important,for ethical,medical,and economical reasons,to optimize its use by producing,at satisfactory yields,an appropriate range of safe products meeting the needs of patients.     

Dissemination of contact activation in plasma by plasma kallikrein

The dissemination of contact activation of plasma was examined by measuring the cleavage of Hageman factor (HF) molecules on two separate sets of kaolin particles, one of which contained all of the components of the contact activation system, HF, prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) in whole normal plasma, and the second set of particles containing only HF and HMWK, being prepared with PK-deficient plasma. After mixing of the particles, cleavage of HF on the second set of particles occurred at a rate similar to that occurring on the first set of particles. This indicated that rapid dissemination and burst of activity of the contact reaction takes place in fluid phase. A supernatant factor, responsibel for the dissemination of the contact reaction, was identified as kallikrein. A rapid appearance of cleaved PK (kallikrein) and HMWK on both the kaolin surface and in the supernate was observed. Within 40 s, > 70-80% of the PK and HMWK in the supernate was cleaved. On the surface, approximately 70% of each radiolabeled protein was cleaved at the earliest measurement. Cleavage of PK by activated HF occurred at least 17 times faster on the surface than in the fluid phase, as virtually no cleavage of PK occurred in fluid phase. Each molecule of surface-bound, activated HF was calculated to cleave at a minimum, 20 molecules of PK per minute. It is concluded that the contact activaton of plasma may be divided into three phases: (a) the reciprocal activation of a few molecules of zymogen HF and PK on the surface, with HMWK acting as cofactor to bring these molecules into apposition; (b) the rapid release of kallikrein into the fluid phase and the continued conversion of PK to kallikrein by each surface-bound molecule of activated HF; and (c) the activation by fluid-phase kallikrein of multiple surface-bound HF molecules, and the cleavage of multiple molecules of MHWK both in fluid phase and on the surface by the soluble kallikrein. The evidence suggests that steps b and c account for a great majority of the generation of contact activation of plasma.