腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

腔镜下腋、颈部入路胸锁乳突肌松解术矫正先天性肌性斜颈

Objective A transaxillary and transcervical endoscopy technique was developed for the release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in congenital muscular torticollis. The efficacy of the op-eration was evaluated. Methods A total of 34 children with congenital torticollis were treated. The age ranged from 6 month to 14 years. A 5 nun trocar was inserted in the anterior axillary fold. A subcuta-neous tunnel perpendicular to the axis of the sternocleidomastoid was made, initially under direct vision and then endoscopically using a 5 mm endoscope. A subcutaneous space was established with CO2 in-flation at the pressure of 6 mm Hg. Another two 1.5～2 mm incisions were made besides sternocleido-mastoid for the introduction of mini forceps and electric knife, respectively. The sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene were dissected out and divided with electrocautery. Lee's evaluation was carried out post-operatively. Results The operation was successfully completed under endoscope in all children. The mean operation time was 50 min ( range: 40～120 min). No injury of major nerve was encoun-tercel Haemorrage in one child required re-operation. Follow-up for 6 months to 3 years showed satis-factory cosmetic appearance and no recurrence. The results were classified as excellent in 88.2 %, good in 8.8%,and fair in 3.0%. The neck scars were not visible one month after surgery. Conclusions Transaxillary and transcervical endoscopic release of congenital torticollis is a safe and relatively quick procedure. It provides good access and good cosmetic outcomes. It avoids injury to neurovascular struc-tures.     

Clinical feature analysis of subdural effusion/hematoma after shunt use of adjustable valves in children with hydrocephalus北大核心CSCD

Objective To analyze the clinical data of children with hydrocephalus suffering from subdural effusion/hematoma after shunt(SEHS) with adjustable valves, and to provide reference for postoperative follow - up. Methods A total of 102 children with hydrocephalus treated with adjustable valves in the Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2017 to September 2021 were enrolled and studied retrospectively. There were 16 cases with SEHS, 11 of whom were male and 5 were female. The age ranged from 3 months to 13 years (median;2. 5 years). The age, clinical manifestations, the time of SEHS occurrence, treatment methods (pressure regulation only or combined with drilling and drainage), and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. The pressure adjustment treatment was to increase the by 10-20 mmH2O (1 mmH2O =0.0098 kPa) each time and the patients were followed up 2-4 weeks after the adjustment. If SEHS didn't improve according to the follow - up results, pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage was recommended. Results Of the 16 patients with SEHS, 3 cases were over 3 years old, and the other 13 cases were 3 years old or below. Eleven cases were treated by pressure regulation only, and 5 cases who were all aged 3 years received pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage. Symptoms occurred in 2 patients, including vomiting in 1 case, and head and limb shaking in the other case. Fourteen cases were asymptomatic. The time from shunt operation to the occurrence of SEHS was 1 month in 5 cases, who were all cured by pressure regulation only. SEHS occurred in 5 cases > 1-3 months after shunt surgery, and 2 cases of them were treated by pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage. Three cases had SEHS > 3-6 months after shunt surgery, and 1 case of them was treated by pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage. SEHS occurred in 3 cases more than 6 months after shunt surgery, and 1 case of them was treated by pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage. For the patients who received pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage, the time from shunt operation to the occurrence of SEHS was 1 month and 21 days, 2 months and 7 days, 4. 5 months, 7. 5 months, and 25. 0 months, respectively. The time from the occurrence of SEHS to the last reexamination with no SEHS detected was 1 month in 7 cases (all were cured by pressure regulation only); >1-3 months in 5 cases (3 cases were treated by pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage); more than 3 months in 4 cases (2 cases were treated by pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage). For the patients who received pressure regulation combined with drilling and drainage, the time from the occurrence of SEHS to the last reexamination with no SEHS detected was 1 month and 14 days, 2. 0 months, 3. 0 months, 7. 0 months and 8. 0 months, respectively. Except for 2 cases who experienced pressure regulating valve failure, all other cases were cured. Six cases were unilateral SEHS, and the SEHS volume was about 11 to 75 mL (median;39. 0 mL). Ten cases were bilateral SEHS, and the SEHS volume was about 23-380 mL (median; 158. 2 mL). The 6 cases were all cured by pressure regulation, and 5 cases of them had SEHS at the shunt tube insertion side. Conclusions SEHS in children with hydrocephalus is generally asymptomatic and rarely causes clinical symptoms. SEHS mostly occurs within 6 months after operation, especially within 3 months. SEHS found in 1 month after surgery can be cured by increasing the shunt valve pressure only. Therefore, SEHS can be cured by pressure regulation only by shortening follow - up and identifying SEHS early after shunt operation. This will also reduce the probability that patients require the drilling and drainage operation. © 2022 ＣｈｉｎＪＡｐｐｌＣｌｉｎＰｅｄｉａｔ. All rights reserved.