瘦素对缺氧复氧L02肝细胞凋亡及Fas/FasL表达的影响

目的： 观察瘦素(leptin)对缺氧复氧人正常肝细胞（L02）凋亡的影响。方法: 将L02细胞分别分为正常对照组、单纯缺氧12 h复氧组(IR组)和缺氧12 h复氧加不同浓度的瘦素（分别为100 μg/L、200 μg/L、400 μg/L、800 μg/L 和1 600 μg/L）干预组, 以流式细胞仪分析、DNA缺口末端标记 (TUNEL) 试验、荧光定量 PCR 等方法观察leptin 对L02肝细胞凋亡、Fas/FasL mRNA表达的影响。结果: （1）与正常对照组相比,IR组细胞凋亡率和TUNEL细胞阳性率增加（P<0.01）,加用不同浓度瘦素干预组的细胞凋亡率和TUNEL细胞阳性率与IR组相比明显下降（P<0.05）;（2）与正常对照组相比,IR组 L02 细胞中Fas/FasL mRNA表达明显上调(P<0.01);加用不同浓度瘦素干预组与IR组相比,Fas/FasL mRNA表达下降,以400 μg/L瘦素作用明显,结果有显著差异（P<0.05）。结论: 瘦素能减轻缺氧复氧培养L02肝细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与其下调细胞中Fas/FasL mRNA的表达有关。     

Fas/FasL信号在免疫系统中的作用

Fas/FasL通路是介导细胞凋亡的一条重要途径.近年来研究发现,它可以促进分泌炎症细胞因子,激发炎性反应,参与免疫豁免、免疫逃逸、肿瘤形成及转移等过程.此外,FasL还可以作为受体传递反向信号,促进细胞增殖,并参与一些自身免疫性疾病的发生.     

Fas／FasL在超抗原SEA诱导T细胞凋亡中的作用

目的超抗原能诱导 T细胞凋亡 ,但其作用机制尚未阐明 ,Fas系统与 Ca2 在其中的作用尚待进一步研究。方法超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素 A(SEA)诱导人外周血建立的短期 SEA反应 T细胞系凋亡 ,1.8%琼脂糖凝胶 DNA电泳于不同时间观察凋亡的特征条带 ;FCM检测 Fas、Fas L 的表达量变化 ,Fura- 2 / AM荧光指示剂检测胞浆游离 [Ca2 ]i的变化。结果使用 FCM特异性检测凋亡亚 G0 / G1峰大小及 1.8%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测凋亡 DNA梯状图谱证明 ,SEA能诱导短期 SEA反应 T细胞凋亡 ,其凋亡的时间与程度与 SEA的剂量有关。SEA1μg/ ml建立的短期 SEA反应 T细胞对 SEA1μg/ml的再次刺激 ,凋亡量随作用时间的延长而增多 ,在作用的第 16 h最高 ,达 5 8%。 FCM间接荧光染色法检测发现 ,Fas及Fas L 亦随 SEA作用时间的延长而表达增多 ,16 h时表达最多 ,分别为 92 %和 6 0 %。用 Fura- 2 / AM荧光指示剂检测 ,此时细胞胞浆 [Ca2 ]i已从刺激前的 (2 90± 33) nm ol/ L 上升到 (6 80± 16 ) nmol/ L。结论 Fas系统与 SEA诱导的 T细胞凋亡密切相关。换言之 ,Fas系统在超抗原诱导 T细胞凋亡中起作用 ,而胞浆 [Ca2 ]i升高与 SEA诱导的凋亡 T细胞 DNA断裂及其它凋亡形态变化有关。     

槲皮素诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡及其与Fas/FasL通路的相关性研究

目的:了解槲皮素诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡的作用及其与Fas/Fas L通路的相关性。方法:建立槲皮素诱导的MCF-7细胞凋亡模型。采用透射电镜观察细胞核形态变化,Annexin V-FITC/PI和JC-1荧光标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率、线粒体膜电位(Δψm)及Fas L中和抗体对细胞凋亡的阻断作用。采用免疫荧光法和流式细胞术检测细胞Fas/Fas L的表达。流式细胞术观察p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580对细胞Fas/Fas L表达的影响。Western blot检测p38 MAPK和p-p38 MAPK蛋白水平的变化。结果:80.0μmol/L槲皮素处理MCF-7细胞48h,透射电镜可见染色质浓缩及边缘化现象;处理24 h、48 h和72 h,Δψm分别下降17.4%、44.3%和68.9%,细胞凋亡率分别为(10.2±3.3)%、(28.9±7.5)%和(39.2±8.9)%。Fas L中和抗体预处理细胞后,24 h、48 h和72 h的细胞凋亡率则分别为(8.2±2.8)%、(19.2±5.3)%和(22.5±6.9)%,细胞凋亡阻断率分别为19.6%、33.6%和42.6%。Fas/Fas L表达率随处理时间增加而升高,SB203580可显著抑制细胞Fas/Fas L的表达率。p38 MAPK的蛋白水平变化不大,而p-p38 MAPK的蛋白水平在48 h和72 h显著增高。结论:槲皮素可上调MCF-7细胞的Fas/Fas L表达,并经膜Fas/Fas L途径诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡,p-p38 MAPK可能是上调Fas/Fas L表达的重要信号分子。     

支气管哮喘大鼠淋巴液中淋巴细胞线粒体跨膜电位以及Fas/FasL变化

目的探讨哮喘大鼠淋巴液中淋巴细胞跨膜电位（mitochondrial membrane potential,△.ψm）和淋巴细胞表面Fas、FasL表达水平,并与其血液、支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）水平比较。方法流式细胞仪、免疫组化方法检测对照组和哮喘组激发后2、6、12、24、48h各时间点淋巴液、血液、BALF中淋巴细胞线粒体的跨膜电位、淋巴细胞表面Fas、FasL蛋白表达。结果哮喘组淋巴液、血液和BALF中淋巴细胞△.ψm峰值在各时间点均较对照组明显升高（P〈0.01）,Fas、FasL蛋白表达水平低于对照组水平（P〈0.01）;哮喘组淋巴液中淋巴细胞△.ψm在不同时间点均较血液水平明显升高（P〈0.05）,血液中淋巴细胞△.ψm与BALF水平间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论哮喘大鼠淋巴液、血液、BALF中均存在明显的淋巴细胞早期凋亡障碍和Fas/FasL表达降低,尤其是哮喘淋巴液中淋巴细胞凋亡障碍和Fas/FasL降低程度较其血液、BALF更为明显。     

Coelomic cells show apoptosis via Fas/FasL system: a comparative study between healthy human pregnancies and missed miscarriages

BACKGROUND: The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system represents one of the mainapoptotic pathways controlling placental apoptosis throughoutgestation. In the current study, we have examined the Fas/FasLprotein expression and the apoptotic incidents of coelomic cells,amniotic cells and trophoblastic tissue in first trimester humanpregnancies and missed miscarriages (MM). METHODS: Protein expression was determined by immunofluoresence, westernblotting analysis, immunohistochemistry and indirectly by RT–PCR,whereas apoptotic cell death was assessed by in situ DNA fragmentationanalysis. RESULTS: Coelomic cells express Fas/FasL proteins, can undergo apoptosisand were the only cells in which apoptosis, Fas protein expressionand FasL protein expression were accordingly increased alongwith gestational age (P = 0.001, P = 0.008; P = 0.012, respectively).In contrast, amniotic cells and trophoblast showed a consistencyin the expression levels of Fas/FasL proteins in healthy pregnancies.MM were accompanied by increased Fas/FasL protein expressionin all examined samples (P < 0.001). The increase of Fas/FasLprotein expression was accompanied by proportional increaseof apoptotic incidents among the coelomic cell population (P= 0.023, P = 0.009, respectively), whereas amniotic cells andtrophoblast appeared to be resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis.The lowest expression of Fas/FasL proteins and the minimum occurrenceof apoptotic incidents were detected in the trophoblast. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that there is a different regulation andfunction of the Fas/FasL system in early human pregnancies.Aberration of the Fas-mediated apoptosis may represent one ofthe execution-step necessary for pregnancy loss in MM cases.     

犬急性心肌梗死晚期再灌注对心肌Fas/FasL系统的影响及其可能的氧化应激机制

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死晚期再灌注对心肌细胞凋亡基因Fas/FasL表达的影响及其可能的氧化应激机制。方法：18条健康成年杂种犬，按随机方法分为3组，每组6条。晚期再灌注组：结扎冠状动脉前降支6 h后再灌注6 h;持续缺血组:开胸后6 h,结扎冠状动脉前降支6 h,不行再灌注处理；对照组：冠状动脉前降支只穿线不结扎持续12 h。免疫组化法检测梗死边缘区心肌Fas和FasL蛋白表达，TUNEL法测心肌细胞凋亡指数(AI)，比色法测定心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、还原性谷胱甘肽酶（GR）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量等。结果：心肌Fas和FasL蛋白表达以及细胞凋亡指数在持续缺血组和晚期再灌注组明显高于对照组（分别为P<0.05,P<0.01），而且晚期再灌注组明显高于持续缺血组（P<0.05）。持续缺血组和晚期再灌注组的心肌细胞SOD活性和GR活性明显低于对照组(分别为P<0.05, P<0.01),而 MDA含量均明显高于对照组（P<0.05），并且两组之间亦有显著差别（P<0.05）。结论：AMI晚期再灌注使梗死边缘区心肌细胞Fas/FasL蛋白表达以及细胞凋亡指数增加，提示晚期再灌注仍然存在再灌注损伤，其机制可能与氧化应激有关。     

视网膜母细胞瘤中Fas/FasL表型的检测及意义

Fas是一种细胞表面分子 [1 ] ,可与其特异性配体 Fas-L igand(Fas L )结合 ,诱导细胞凋亡的发生。许多肿瘤细胞可表达 Fas L ,明显减弱 Fas阳性细胞毒性淋巴细胞的攻击能力 ,是肿瘤细胞逃避机体免疫攻击的新机制 ,在肿瘤的发生和发展中起重要作用。本文拟研究 Fas、Fas L 在视网膜母细胞瘤中的表型及其意义。1　材料与方法1.1　材料　视网膜母细胞瘤 45例及正常视网膜组织 12例。1.2　方法　石蜡切片 4μm,经脱蜡 ,水化 ,内源性酶灭活 ,封闭 ,微波修复 5 m in 2次 ,分别加入一抗 Fas L(1:30 0 ) Fas(1:5 0 0 ) ,4°C过夜 ;加入生物素…     

Fas/FasL系统参与的几种生物学效应

Fas／FasL通路是介导细胞凋亡的一条重要途径。近年来的研究表明,它参与了胸腺选择、免疫赦免以及协调了免疫反应的平衡,同时它亦与一些肿瘤的发生发展、移植排斥、自身免疫性疾病的产生以及诸多的生理病理反应密切相关。     

肺缺血再灌注损伤中Fas/FasL系统的表达及川芎嗪的影响

目的： 探讨肺缺血再灌注损伤Fas/FasL系统的表达及其与肺泡上皮细胞凋亡的关系及川芎嗪的影响。方法: 采用在体兔单侧肺左肺门持续性阻断1 h，再灌注1、3、5 h缺血-再灌注损伤的动物模型。TMP干预组于缺血前1h静脉滴注川芎嗪60 mg/kg。用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡的发生情况；用原位杂交的方法检测兔肺组织Fas/FasL mRNA的表达。结果: IR组与 TMP组在肺缺血再灌注后1、3、5 h发生明显的肺泡上皮细胞凋亡。TMP组各时相细胞凋亡指数明显低于IR组（P<0.01）；肺组织Fas/FasL mRNA的表达与肺泡上皮细胞凋亡呈显著正相关（r₁=0.900,r₂=0.869,均P<0.01）。 结论: Fas/FasL系统在肺缺血再灌注诱导的肺泡细胞凋亡中起着重要作用，川芎嗪因抑制Fas/FasL，而减轻由Fas/FasL系统激活导致的细胞凋亡，从而对缺血再灌注肺具有保护作用。     

Fas/FasL途径介导的人肺癌细胞免疫逃逸

目的：观察在3种人肺癌细胞（A549、EBC-1、LCSC）和人T细胞(Jurkat) Fas/FasL表达情况，探讨人肺癌细胞免疫逃逸及反杀伤作用与Fas/FasL途径的关系。 方法： 用FACScan、RT-PCR方法检测Fas/FasL蛋白及mRNA表达；以荧光染色法观察细胞调亡；用台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞存活。 结果： 3种人肺癌细胞及T-细胞系(Jurkat)均表达 Fas及 FasL；肺癌细胞与Jurkat细胞共培养时，肺癌细胞可导致Jurkat细胞生长抑制(P<0.05)及凋亡；在共培养体系中加入FasL中和性抗体NOK1，可封闭肺癌细胞对Jurkat细胞的生长抑制作用(P>0.05)。 结论： Fas/FasL途径可介导上述3种人肺癌细胞对Jurkat细胞的生长抑制及致凋亡作用；中和性抗体可有效阻断Fas信号转导途径，抑制肿瘤细胞的反杀伤作用，有效保护免疫系统。     

Perforin and Fas/FasL cytolytic pathways at the maternal-fetal interface

The immunogenetic enigma of maternal acceptance of the fetal semiallograft has been termed an immunological paradox. The first trimester decidua is heavily infiltrated with CD56(bright) CD16- uterine natural killer (uNK) cells which must be prepared to respond to potential pathogen challenges and still be able to control immune responses that allow the development of the fetus. The significant presence of cytolytic mediators, perforin and Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), at the maternal-fetal interface raises a question of their role(s) in the immunological interrelations between maternal tissues and trophoblast cells. As uNK cells in vitro lyse target cell lines (K562, P815 and P815Fas) using these effector molecules, it seems that, although immunocompetent, their cytotoxicity is not directed against trophoblast during normal pregnancy. Therefore, it is generally believed that the hormonal and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance plays an important role in the tolerance and maintenance of pregnancy. This paper gives an overview of the recent findings on the complex immunological events that occur at the maternal-fetal interface.     

Fas/FasL介导的caspase-3活化与急性胰腺炎腺泡细胞凋亡的关系

目的： 研究凋亡调控基因及蛋白Fas、FasL和caspase-3在大鼠急性胰腺炎（AP）组织中的表达及其相互关系。方法：经胰胆管逆行注射不同浓度的牛磺胆酸钠建立不同炎症程度的AP模型,采用RT-PCR、Western blotting技术检测大鼠胰腺炎组织Fas、FasL和caspase-3蛋白及mRNA的表达, TUNEL法检测胰腺炎组织腺泡细胞凋亡。结果：在正常胰腺组织内即可见Fas、FasL、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达;建立AP模型后,随胰腺炎症程度的加重,Fas、FasL、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA的表达逐渐下降,腺泡细胞凋亡率亦逐渐下降,且caspase-3 表达水平在各个组间的变化趋势与Fas/FasL系统的变化趋势相一致。结论：Fas/FasL系统介导的凋亡途径参与了急性胰腺炎腺泡细胞凋亡的调节。     

Enhanced expression of Fas and FasL modulates apoptosis in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with pulmonary edema

Apoptosis mediated by Fas/FasL has been implicated in pulmonary disorders. However, little is known about the relationship between Fas and FasL in the process of lung injury during malaria infection. Paraffin-embedded lung tissues from malaria patients were divided into two groups: those with pulmonary edema (PE) and those without pulmonary edema (non-PE). Normal lung tissues were used as the control group. Cellular expression of Fas, FasL, and the markers of apoptotic caspases, including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8 in the lung tissues were investigated by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Semi-quantitative analysis of IHC staining revealed that cellular expression of Fas, FasL, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in the lungs of patients with PE compared with the lungs of patients with non-PE and control groups (all P < 0.05). In addition, significant positive correlations were obtained between Fas and apoptosis (r_s = 0.937, P < 0.001) and FasL and apoptosis (r_s = 0.808, P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between Fas and FasL expression (r_s = 0.827, P < 0.001) and between cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 expression (r_s = 0.823, P < 0.001), which suggests that Fas-dependent initiator and effector caspases, including cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3, are necessary for inducing apoptosis in the lungs of patients with severe P. falciparum malaria. The Fas/FasL system and downstream activation of caspases are important mediators of apoptosis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema in severe P. falciparum malaria patients. The proper regulation of the Fas/FasL pathway can be a potential treatment for pulmonary complications in falciparum malaria patients.     

Fas/FasL系统与慢性心力衰竭

Fas和FasL是细胞表面蛋白,与机体的分化发育、免疫调控密切相关。Fas/FasL系统在慢性心力衰竭的发生发展过程中参与免疫炎性反应、诱导心肌细胞凋亡、促进心肌细胞肥大增生、加剧心肌缺血再灌注损伤等过程。     

FasL on human nucleus pulposus cells prevents angiogenesis in the disc by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells

The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ in the human body. However, with the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), the disc tends to be vascularized increasingly via angiogenesis. It is well established that both human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and vascular endothelial cells express FasL and Fas. However, the issue remains open as to whether there are certain active mechanisms preventing angiogenesis in the disc via the FasL-Fas machinery. Here, we established a co-culture system of human NP cells and vascular endothelial (HMEC-1) cells. We found that normal NP cells were more capable of inducing apoptosis in HMEC-1 cells (14.2±3.4%) than degenerate NP cells (6.7±1.9%), p<0.05. By up-regulating the FasL expression in degenerate NP cells, we found that FasL played an essential role in the mediation of HMEC-1 cell apoptosis with the activation of downstream FADD and caspase-3. Furthermore, we found an increased Fas expression in HMEC-1 cells following co-cultured with NP cells, which might be closely linked with FasL produced by NP cells and enhance their interaction. Collectively, this is the first study showing FasL-Fas network might plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis avoidance of human disc. Consequently, our findings might shed light on the pathogenesis in human IDD and provide a novel target for the treatment strategies for IDD.     

三七总皂甙对肺缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡及Fas/FasL的影响

目的：探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系以及三七总皂甙的作用及机制。 方法: 健康日本大耳白兔84只，随机分为对照组、肺缺血再灌注1、3、5 h组和三七总皂甙干预1、3和5 h组。复制肺缺血再灌注损伤模型。采用原位缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法观测肺组织细胞凋亡指数，免疫组化和原位杂交技术检测肺组织细胞Fas/FasL系统蛋白和基因表达的变化。 结果: 肺缺血再灌注组肺组织细胞凋亡指数和Fas/FasL蛋白及基因表达均显著高于对照组（均P<0.01）。三七总皂甙干预组Fas/FasL mRNA及其蛋白质的表达显著低于缺血再灌注组（P<0.01），肺组织细胞凋亡指数也显著低于缺血再灌注组（P<0.01）。肺组织细胞凋亡指数分别与Fas/FasL蛋白和Fas/FasL mRNA之间均呈显著正相关（r分别=0.540,0.658,0.668,0.686;均P<0.01）。 结论: Fas/FasL系统活化启动的肺组织细胞凋亡可能参与了肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生。三七总皂甙可能通过抑制Fas/FasL系统的激活，阻遏肺组织细胞凋亡，从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

The Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway is involved in kappa-opioid-induced apoptosis of human endometrial stromal cells

Human endometrium expresses specific kappa-opioid binding sites and their endogenous ligands, the dynorphins. In neural crest-derived tissues, kappa-opioids affect apoptosis, a phenomenon of major significance in endometrial stroma physiology. Our hypothesis was that endometrial kappa-opioids may play a role in endometrial stromal cell apoptosis. Thus, we examined the effect of the synthetic kappa-opioid agonist, U69593, on the apoptotic rate of human endometrial stromal cells in primary culture. Apoptosis of endometrial stromal cells was elevated after 3 h exposure to 100 nmol/l U69593, and remained elevated for up to 3 days. This effect was dose-dependent and was reversed by the general opioid antagonist, naloxone, suggesting that it is mediated via opioid receptors. In parallel, semi-quantitative Western blot and flow cytometry analysis showed that U69593 caused a rapid but transient up-regulation of Fas protein, suggesting that its effect on apoptosis is mediated by activation of the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway. Additionally, U69593 increased the content of the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, the Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L), whereas it had no significant effect on the apoptosis-promoting homologues Bax, Bcl-x(S) and Bak. This implies that a transient survival mechanism is activated in stromal cells as a parallel rescue response to the apoptosis-inducing factor. In conclusion, our data suggest that endometrial opioid dynorphins may participate in the apoptotic processes related to endometrial tissue remodelling during early pregnancy or menstruation.     

胸腺细胞凋亡的死亡信号表达

目的:探讨胸腺细胞凋亡过程中死亡信号通路的存在依据及其意义。方法:选用2月龄清洁级SD大鼠,用ABC法检测胸腺细胞Fas/FasL、Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-12表达,用RT-PCR法检测培养胸腺细胞的TNF-β和Caspase-3表达。结果:Fas在胸腺皮、髓质细胞弥散均匀分布,FasL阳性细胞较少,Caspase-3主要分布于皮质胸腺细胞,Caspase-8则分布于胸腺髓质,Caspase-12在皮、髓质胸腺细胞均匀分布,RT-PCR检测显示胸腺细胞均表达TNF-β和Caspase-3。结论:大鼠胸腺内存在完整的细胞凋亡死亡信号通路的各种成分。死亡信号通路在胸腺细胞凋亡过程中可能扮演重要角色。     

脱氢表雄酮诱导CD4+T细胞系Jurkat细胞凋亡的初步探索

为研究脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)对Jurkat细胞增殖活性和凋亡的影响,用不同浓度的DHEA处理Jurkat细胞12 h、24 h后,用MTT法测定细胞活性;Hoechst染色观测细胞形态的改变;碘化丙啶(PI)染色检测细胞凋亡;Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞膜变化;DNA阶梯状电泳分析细胞DNA断裂;荧光显微镜分析细胞线粒体膜电位变化;并用RT-PCR和流式检测凋亡时细胞中Fas和FasL的mRNA和蛋白表达的情况。结果显示,DHEA在10~(-7)mol/L时对Jurkat细胞有显著的增殖抑制作用(P<0.05)和诱导凋亡效果,细胞凋亡率比对照组分别升高2.48%和2.52%;Annexin V/PI双染法检测,处理组凋亡细胞比率比对照组也明显增加;且随着DHEA剂量的增加细胞线粒体膜电位倒塌明显增强,Fas和FasL的mRNA和蛋白水平也随之增加。以上结果表明,DHEA在高浓度时对Jurkat细胞有一定的抑制增殖并诱导其凋亡的作用,Fas/FasL通路和膜电位的改变在此机制中发挥了相应的作用。