Relation of serum serotonin levels to bone density and structural parameters in women

Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for circulating serotonin in regulating bone mass in rodents. In addition, patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have reduced areal bone mineral density (aBMD). However, the potential physiologic role of serotonin in regulating bone mass in humans remains unclear. Thus we measured serum serotonin levels in a population‐based sample of 275 women and related these to total‐body and spine aBMD assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, femur neck total and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) and vertebral trabecular vBMD assessed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and bone microstructural parameters at the distal radius assessed by high‐resolution peripheral QCT (HRpQCT). Serotonin levels were inversely associated with body and spine aBMD (age‐adjusted R = ?0.17 and ?0.16, P < .01, respectively) and with femur neck total and trabecular vBMD (age‐adjusted R = ?0.17 and ?0.25, P < .01 and < .001, respectively) but not lumbar spine vBMD. Bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness at the radius were inversely associated with serotonin levels (age‐adjusted R = ?0.16, ?0.16, and ?0.14, P < .05, respectively). Serotonin levels also were inversely associated with body mass index (BMI; age‐adjusted R = ?0.23, P < .001). Multivariable models showed that serotonin levels remained significant negative predictors of femur neck total and trabecular vBMD, as well as trabecular thickness at the radius, after adjusting for age and BMI. Collectively, our data provide support for a physiologic role for circulating serotonin in regulating bone mass in humans. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research     

Volumetric and Areal Bone Mineral Density Measures Are Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Older Men and Women: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

The associations of volumetric (vBMD) and areal (aBMD) bone mineral density measures with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subclinical peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were investigated in a cohort of older men and women enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Participants were 3,075 well-functioning white and black men and women (42% black, 51% women), aged 68–80 years. Total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter aBMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quantitative computed tomography was used to evaluate spine trabecular, integral, and cortical vBMD measures in a subgroup (n = 1,489). Logistic regression was performed to examine associations of BMD measures with CVD and PAD. The prevalence of CVD (defined by coronary heart disease, PAD, cerebrovascular disease, or congestive heart failure) was 29.8%. Among participants without CVD, 10% had subclinical PAD (defined as ankle-arm index <0.9). Spine vBMD measures were inversely associated with CVD in men (odds ratio of integral [OR_integral] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.63; OR_trabecular = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.53; OR_cortical = 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.65). In women, for each standard deviation decrease in integral vBMD, cortical vBMD, or trochanter aBMD, the odds of CVD were significantly increased by 28%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. Total hip aBMD was associated with subclinical PAD in men (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.84) but not in women. All associations were independent of age and shared risk factors between BMD and CVD and were not influenced by inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factors-α). In conclusion, our results provide further evidence for an inverse association between BMD and CVD in men and women. Future research should investigate common pathophysiological links for osteoporosis and CVD.     

骨质疏松绵羊模型松质骨及皮质骨的微观结构及力学性能变化的研究

目的观察去势手术对绵羊皮质骨和松质骨的骨密度、骨小梁结构及力学性能的影响。方法20只雌性成年绵羊（4±1.5）随机分为去势4个月组（OVX-4months）（4只）、去势12个月组（OVX-12months）（8只）和假手术（Sham）组（8只）。OVX组行双侧卵巢切除术,假手术组仅显露双侧卵巢,术中测定腰椎骨密度。分别与术后4、12个月处死动物,测定股骨颈、股骨干及股骨髁的骨密度,并行MicroCT分析及生物力学测试。结果去势12个月后（OVX-12months）组腰椎、股骨颈及股骨髁的骨密度较对照组显著降低,而皮质骨骨密度无明显降低。其松质骨的相对骨体积（BV/TV）、骨小梁厚度（Tb.Th）、骨小梁数目（Tb.N）较对照组显著降低,表面积体积比（BS/BV）、骨小梁间隙（Tb.Sp）则较对照显著增高。生物力学测试表明,去势12个月后,腰椎松质骨的最大压缩应力分别较Sham组和OVX-12months组下降82.5%和85.9%,力学强度显著下降,而皮质骨的力学强度无显著变化。结论去势12个月后,绵羊腰椎、股骨部的松质骨BMD及骨小梁空间结构参数明显降低,力学强度也显著下降,可以作为骨质疏松的大动物模型。而皮质骨的骨密度和力学强度下降不明显,需要更长的去势时间。     

Predictors of Bone Mass by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Early Adolescent Girls

This cross-sectional study used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to evaluate the influences of age, body size, puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity on bone acquisition in healthy early adolescent girls. The pQCT technique provides analyses of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (mg/cm(3)) for total as well as cortical and trabecular bone compartments and bone strength expressed as polar strength strain index (mm(2)). Bone mass of the nondominant distal and midshaft tibia by pQCT and lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were measured in 84 girls ages 11-14 yr. Pubertal stage, menarche status, anthropometrics, and 3-d food intake and physical activity records were collected. Total and cortical bone mineral content and vBMD measurements by pQCT were significantly related to lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD measurements by DXA. We did not note any significant determinants or predictors for trabecular bone mass. Body weight was the most important predictor and determinant of total and cortical bone density and strength in healthy adolescent girls. Menarche, calcium intake, height, body mass index, and weight-bearing physical activity level age were also identified as minor but significant predictors and determinants of bone density and strength. Bone measurements by the pQCT technique provide information on bone acquisition, architecture, and strength during rapid periods of growth and development. Broader cross-sectional studies using the pQCT technique to evaluate the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, puberty, body size, and lifestyle factors on bone acquisition and strength are needed.     

Bone mineral density and osteoporosis in heart transplanted patients: A single‐center retrospective study at Skåne University Hospital in Lund 1988‐2016

Bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, the incidence of osteoporosis, and survival up to 10 years after heart transplantation (HT) were investigated in 169 patients who underwent HT at Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, 1988‐2016. Within the first year post‐transplantation, mean (SD) BMD decreased by 3.9% (10.1) (P < 0.001) and 9.0% (10.5) (P < 0.001) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively. The cumulative incidence of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and femoral neck increased rapidly within the first year after HT and was detected in 17% and 13% of the patients, respectively. A higher T score before HT was a negative predictor of osteoporosis up to 10 years post‐HT in the lumbar spine (HR 0.13; 95% CI 0.063‐0.26; P < 0.001) and femoral neck (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34‐0.85; P < 0.001). Moreover, only 13%, 14%, and 6% of the HT patients received calcium, vitamin D, and/or bisphosphonates before HT. In conclusion, BMD drops significantly during the first postoperative year. Optimization of BMD early among HT candidates, potentially through usage of osteoporosis preventive treatment, may be a future means to prevent osteoporosis late postoperatively.     

Associations between osteoprotegerin and femoral neck BMD in hemodialysis patients

Numerous humoral factors are involved in the development of renal osteodystrophy, causing perturbations in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The RANKL/OPG cytokine system appears to mediate the effects of many of these factors on bone turnover, contributing to the pathogenesis of renal bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical correlations of BMD measurements in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Fifty-four hemodialysis patients underwent measurement of BMD at the proximal femur and the lumbar spine (L2–L4). Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sRANKL, and main bone biochemical markers were also measured in serum samples of all patients. BMD of the femoral neck was negatively correlated with OPG levels (r = 0.333, P = 0.014). OPG levels were significantly different among normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic tertiles defined according to BMD of the femoral neck. The highest OPG levels were measured in the lowest T-score (osteoporotic) tertile and were higher than in the osteopenic and normal tertiles (P < 0.05). A threshold level for OPG at 21.5 pmol/l enabled the detection of osteoporotic patients with 76.5% sensitivity and 62.2% specificity. BMD values of trabecular bone-rich sites of the skeleton such as lumbar spine (L2–L4), trochanter, and Ward’ s triangle were inversely correlated with total ALP levels (P < 0.05). Hemodialysis patients with low BMD of the femoral neck demonstrated higher OPG levels than patients with normal BMD. Those with lumbar spine (L2–L4), trochanteric, and Ward's triangle BMDs below the normal range presented higher total ALP levels. These results suggest that OPG and total ALP may be clinically useful markers in the detection of significant femoral neck and trabecular bone mineral deficit in hemodialysis patients, warranting further investigations.     

Outcomes of bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Mineral and bone disorders that precede kidney transplantation are exacerbated in the post‐transplant setting by tertiary hyperparathyroidism and immunosuppressive regimens. Bone mineral density (BMD) decreases following transplantation, leading to increased fracture risk. The effect of bisphosphonates on fracture is unknown. The aim of this study was to update estimates of change in BMD and fracture rates in bisphosphonate‐treated kidney transplant recipients through meta‐analysis. Studies comparing bisphosphonate therapy to standard of care were included if follow‐up duration was more than 6 months. We performed random‐effects meta‐analysis to determine the effect of bisphosphonates on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and fracture rates. Bisphosphonates improved femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD compared with controls (0.055 g/cm², 95% CI 0.012–0.099 and 0.053 g/cm², 95% CI 0.032–0.074, respectively) without adversely affecting serum creatinine or calcium. This corresponded to an unweighted improvement in BMD of 6.0% and 7.4%, respectively. There was no difference in fracture incidence in the two groups. Bisphosphonate therapy in kidney transplant recipients is associated with a statistically significant improvement in BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. There was no difference in fracture incidence. Bisphosphonates did not adversely affect allograft dysfunction or serum calcium levels.     

Race and ethnic variation in proximal femur structure and BMD among older men.

Femoral neck dimensions and vBMD from QCT were compared among 3,305 black, Asian, Hispanic, and white men >or=65 yr of age. All had similar stature-adjusted mean femoral neck volume, but black and Asian men had thicker cortices and higher trabecular vBMD, which may increase bone strength. INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture rates among elderly U.S. black and Asian men are lower than rates among white men. Structural characteristics or volumetric BMD (vBMD), which confer advantages for femoral neck bone strength, may vary by race/ethnicity. However, this topic has not been studied in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, dimensions and vBMD in the femoral neck and shaft were obtained from QCT scans among 3,305 men >or=65 yr of age in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Femoral neck measures were cross-sectional area; integral, cortical, and medullary volumes and integral, cortical, and trabecular vBMD. Shaft measures were cross-sectional, cortical, and medullary areas and cortical vBMD. Self-reported race/ethnicity was classified as black, Asian, Hispanic, or white. We used multivariable linear regression models with adjustment for age, height, and body mass index to compare means of the outcome measures in black, Asian, and Hispanic men to those in whites. RESULTS: All groups had similar femoral neck integral volume. Among black and Asian men, mean cortical volume as a percent of integral volume was 6% greater, integral vBMD was 6-10% greater, and trabecular vBMD was 33-36% greater than means among whites. Shaft cross-sectional area was similar among blacks, but smaller among Asians, compared with whites. However, mean shaft cortical area was greater among blacks but similar among Asians and whites, resulting in mean cortical thickness being 5% greater among black and Asian men. Blacks also had greater mean cortical vBMD in both the femoral neck and shaft. CONCLUSIONS: Black and Asian men >or=65 yr of age have features in the proximal femur that may confer advantages for bone strength. Specifically, greater cortical thickness and higher trabecular vBMD among black and Asian men could help explain the lower hip fracture rates in these populations. Discerning the mechanisms underlying these differences could provide advances for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.     

孟德尔随机化探索骨密度与膝关节骨性关节炎的因果关联

目的 采用孟德尔随机化分析方法，探讨骨密度与膝关节骨性关节炎的因果关联。方法 利用全基因关联研究的数据进行分析，暴露因素为骨密度，包含全身骨密度、腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度、足跟骨密度、前臂远端骨密度、前臂骨密度，结局变量为膝关节骨性关节炎。采用IVW法、MR-Egger法、WM法、Simple Mode法、Weighted Mode法进行孟德尔随机化分析，并进行异质性检验、敏感性分析、多效性分析。结果 全身骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为1.08(1.02～1.14);腰椎骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为1.09(1.01～1.18);股骨颈骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为1.15(1.04～1.28);足跟骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为1.04(0.99～1.08);前臂远端骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为1.07(1.00～1.15);前臂骨密度IVW结果显示OR(95%CI)为0.97(0.86～1.10)。全身骨密度、腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度的异质性检验均不存在异常变量，敏感性分析均显示稳健，且均未发现多效性。结论 全身骨密度、腰椎骨密...     

Bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatic patients

The importance of the proximal femur as a site of osteoporotic fractures, the development of techniques for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at this site and the apparent selectivity of the osteopenic effects of glucorticoids have focused attention on the assessment of proximal femoral BMD in steroid-treated subjects. We have, therefore, measured BMD (Lunar DPX) in the lumbar spine and proximal femur of 31 asthmatic patients receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy (mean ± SEM dose 16 ± 1 mg prednisone/day, mean duration 10 ± 2 years). BMD values expressed as the percentage of normal age- and sex-appropriate mean values, after weight adjustment, were as follows: lumbar spine 80 ± 2%, femoral neck 83 ± 2%, Ward's triangle 78 ± 3% and trochanter 86 ± 2%. All these values were significantly less than control (p<0.0001) and the decrement in BMD was more marked in Ward's triangle than at the other two femoral sites (p<0.05). In all regions BMD was unrelated to dose or duration of steroid treatment. It is concluded that there are reductions in the BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatics, probably reflecting the mixed cortical/trabecular makeup of both regions.     

围绝经期女性骨密度特点分析

目的总结并分析围绝经期女性腰椎1-4、股骨颈及髋关节部位的骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)及其临床特点。方法收集2017年12月至2018年6月在我院住院部住院并进行双能X线吸收法骨密度检测的183例围绝经期女性,分别测定其腰椎1-4总体BMD、左侧股骨颈及左髋关节全部BMD,同时分析比较年龄、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与骨质疏松的关系。结果 183例患者中,检出骨质疏松39例(21. 3%),其中腰椎1-4、左股骨颈和左髋关节BMD各检出骨质疏松33例(18. 0%)、20例(10. 9%)、13例(7. 1%)。腰椎总体骨质情况与股骨颈、髋关节检查结果相符的各有129例(70. 5%)、119例(65. 0%),股骨颈总体骨质情况与髋关节检查结果相符的有137例(74. 9%)。在骨质疏松组、骨量减少组和骨量正常组,同一组病人腰椎1-4骨密度左髋关节骨密度左侧股骨颈骨密度,组间差异均有统计学意义。年龄、BMI与骨质疏松的发生均相关。骨质疏松与年龄呈正相关,与BMI、腰椎1-4总BMD、左股骨颈BMD、左髋关节BMD负相关,腰椎1-4 BMD与骨质疏松相关程度最高。结论腰椎整体骨密度呈现虚假升高趋势,腰椎1-4 BMD诊断骨质疏松的敏感性和特异性分别为84. 6%、100%,股骨颈分别为51. 3%、100%,髋关节分别为33. 3%、100%;年龄增长、BMI偏低会增加围绝经期妇女罹患骨质疏松的风险。     

BMD and Bone Geometry in Transtibial and Transfemoral Amputees

Prolonged unloading of bone(s) in the residual limb after amputation may cause significant bone loss in the hip and distal bony end of the residual limb. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of amputation on bone geometry, volumetric BMD (vBMD), and areal BMD (aBMD) by comparing the intact and residual limbs in unilateral transfemoral and transtibial amputees. Amputees (seven above‐knee; seven below‐knee) and two groups of nonamputee control subjects gave informed consent to participate in this study. aBMD of the dual proximal femur, lumbar spine, and total body was assessed using DXA. Bone geometry and vBMD were assessed at the distal ends of the residual limb and intact limb and at a comparable cross‐sectional slice of the intact limb using pQCT (Stratec XCT 3000). There were no significant group differences in age, height, weight, physical activity, time as an amputee, hours wearing a prosthesis per day, or total body and lumbar spine BMD and BMC. There were significant side × group interactions for total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter BMD, with the amputated side having lower BMD, and differences being most severe in above‐knee amputees. Total and cortical vBMD and area were significantly lower at the end of the residual limb compared with the similar slice of the intact limb for both above‐ and below‐knee amputees. In conclusion, amputees exhibited large decrements in BMD, both at the hip and at the end of the residual limb, compared with the intact side. These lower BMD values put amputees, particularly the above‐knee amputees, at increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures in the hip.     

男性强直性脊柱炎患者骨密度与血尿酸水平相关性研究

目的分析强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)男性患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与血尿酸(serum uric acid,SUA)的相关关系。方法回顾性分析2013年9月到2018年9月在中日友好医院确诊的143名男性AS患者,按腰椎、股骨颈、股骨粗隆BMD水平各分为正常骨量组和骨量减少组。比较两组间患者临床基本资料、疾病活动程度指标等的差异;使用多元回归分析评估SUA水平与男性AS患者各部位BMD的关系;使用Logistic回归模型预测SUA与各部位BMD之间的风险概率;构建列线图预测男性AS患者腰椎及股骨粗隆发生骨量减少的风险。结果两组间比较结果显示,身高、腰椎、股骨颈、股骨粗隆BMD比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析提示SUA水平与腰椎、股骨粗隆的BMD呈正相关。Logistic回归分析结果提示,SUA每降低78 mmol/L发生腰椎和股骨粗隆骨量减少的风险分别升高18%和17%。通过构建的列线图可预测男性AS患者发生腰椎及股骨粗隆骨量减少的风险。结论SUA水平低可能会增加男性AS患者腰椎和股骨粗隆骨量减少的风险,SUA具有反映男性AS患者骨量减少风险的潜力。     

最大限度雄激素阻断治疗前列腺癌对患者骨密度的影响

目的:探讨最大限度雄激素阻断(MAB)治疗对前列腺癌患者骨密度的影响。方法:对40例因前列腺癌行MAB治疗的患者进行调查,治疗时间7～12个月,分别于治疗前后检测血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、睾酮及血钙、血磷、24 h尿钙、尿磷、碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺激素、血常规及肝肾功能,双能X线吸收法测定腰椎、股骨颈骨密度,并进行疼痛评分,比较MAB治疗前后各项指标差异。结果:前列腺癌患者治疗前5例(12.5%)腰椎骨量减少,8例(20.0%)腰椎骨质疏松;13例(32.5%)左股骨颈骨量减少,15例(37.5%)左股骨颈骨质疏松。MAB治疗前患者血清PSA为(52.9±69.9)μg/L,睾酮为(18.9±6.5)nmol/L,治疗后PSA为(1.5±1.6)μg/L,睾酮为(1.9±1.3)nmol/L,与治疗前比较均显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗前血钙为(2.5±0.2)mmol/L,血磷为(1.2±0.2)mmol/L,尿钙为(3.1±1.4)mmol/L,尿磷为(11.5±8.1)mmol/L,治疗后血钙为(2.5±0.1)mmol/L,血磷为(1.2±0.1)mmol/L,尿钙为(2.8±1.2)mmol/L,尿磷为(9.9±4.0)mmol/L,两者比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前后碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺激素、血常规、肝肾功能差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前腰椎和股骨颈骨密度分别为(1.1±0.1)g/cm2和(0.8±0.2)g/cm2,疼痛评分为(0.6±0.2)分,治疗后腰椎和股骨颈骨密度分别为(1.1±0.2)g/cm2和(0.8±0.1)g/cm2,疼痛评分为(0.7±0.1)分,与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:7～12个月MAB治疗对前列腺癌患者骨密度无明显影响,安全有效,但治疗前应注意监测患者骨密度。     

12周社区运动干预对绝经后骨质疏松症女性骨密度的影响研究

目的探讨四种运动方式对绝经后骨质疏松症女性骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的干预效果,并比较不同运动方式对股骨颈和腰椎L_(2～4)骨密度干预效果的差异。方法采用负重、自重、跳跃和健步走四种训练方式对社区51名绝经后骨质疏松症女性进行为期12周的训练;采用GE双能X线骨密度仪测量股骨颈和腰椎L_(2～4)骨密度;组内比较用配对样本t检验(正态分布)和Mann-Whitney检验(非正态分布),组间比较采用单因素ANOVA检验或秩和检验干预前后BMD的差值,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果与干预前相比,整体上运动组股骨颈和腰椎L_(2～4) BMD在干预后的变化均表现出增长趋势,而对照组的BMD则呈减少趋势;运动组股骨颈BMD相对基线的增长率表现为负重组健步组自重组跳跃组(1.91%1.34%0.72%0.24%),腰椎L_(2～4)BMD增长率则表现为健步组跳跃组负重组自重组(29.07%11.17%4.22%0.01%)。结论运动可有效缓解绝经后骨质疏松症女性骨量丢失,不同方式的运动对不同部位骨骼的作用效果也不一样,负重训练对股骨颈BMD的改善效果最好,而健步走则对腰椎BMD的作用效果最优。具有冲击性的健步走和跳跃训练对腰椎BMD的改善要好于非冲击性的负重和自重训练,负重训练对股骨颈和腰椎BMD作用均要好于自重训练。     

Risk for developing osteoporosis in untreated premature menopause

Summary The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was determined by dual photon absorptiometry in 32 women with untreated premature menopause (cessation of menses before 45 years of age). The BMD of the spine and proximal femur in four obese patients was not different from the BMD of the age-matched controls. On the contrary, the BMD of the nonobese females with premature menopause was significantly lower with respect to the average values found in healthy young women, in age-matched and menopause-matched controls. The BMD deficit was greater over the lumbar spine than in the proximal femur. Forty three percent of nonobese patients were already under the vertebral fracture threshold and 25% of nonobese patients were below the hip fracture threshold. The BMD deficit in the lumbar spine was correlated to the loss observed in the femoral neck (r=0.59, P<0.001), in the trochanter (r=0.65, P<0.001) and in the Ward's triangle (r=0.73, P<0.001). A negative correlation was observed between years of menopause and the BMD of the lumbar spine (r=-0.39, P<0.05). The results indicate the high individual risk for osteoporotic fractures in nonobese females with untreated premature menopause. The BMD loss was greater over the skeletal areas that are predominantly composed of trabecular bone compared with cortical bone.     

绝经后骨质疏松症女性血清IL-31和腰椎、股骨颈骨密度相关性研究

目的探索绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者血清白介素31(IL-31)水平与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)相关性。方法采用双能X线吸收法对80例OP患者(50~75岁)和90例健康对照者(50~75岁)进行腰椎和股骨颈BMD检测。血清IL-31、BAP、BGP和TRACP-5b水平通过酶联免疫吸附法检测。使用自动电化学发光系统测量血清I型胶原交联N-末端肽(NTX-1)和25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平。结果OP妇女的IL-31水平明显高于健康对照组[(45.12±6.65)μg/L vs(27.58±5.09)μg/L,P=0.002]。绝经后骨质疏松患者血清IL-31水平与年龄、BMI、BAP、BGP、TRACP-5b、NTX和25(OH)D呈正相关。腰椎和股骨颈骨密度与年龄、IL-31、BAP、TRACP-5b和NTX之间有显著的负相关。在偏相关分析中调整年龄和BMI后,IL-31和腰椎和股骨颈骨密度之间存在显著负相关。结论绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清IL-31水平升高,与BMD呈负相关。     

Catch up in bone acquisition in young adult men with late normal puberty

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in relation to peak height velocity (PHV), and to investigate whether late normal puberty was associated with remaining low BMD and BMC in early adulthood in men. In total, 501 men (mean ± SD, 18.9 ± 0.5 years of age at baseline) were included in this 5‐year longitudinal study. Areal BMD (aBMD) and BMC, volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical bone size were measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and pQCT. Detailed growth and weight charts were used to calculate age at PHV, an objective assessment of pubertal timing. Age at PHV was a strong positive predictor of the increase in aBMD and BMC of the total body (R² aBMD 11.7%; BMC 4.3%), radius (R² aBMD 23.5%; BMC 22.3%), and lumbar spine (R² aBMD 11.9%; BMC 10.5%) between 19 and 24 years (p < 0.001). Subjects were divided into three groups according to age at PHV (early, middle, and late). Men with late puberty gained markedly more in aBMD and BMC at the total body, radius, and lumbar spine, and lost less at the femoral neck (p < 0.001) than men with early puberty. At age 24 years, no significant differences in aBMD or BMC of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total body were observed, whereas a deficit of 4.2% in radius aBMD, but not in BMC, was seen for men with late versus early puberty (p < 0.001). pQCT measurements of the radius at follow‐up demonstrated no significant differences in bone size, whereas cortical and trabecular vBMD were 0.7% (p < 0.001) and 4.8% (p < 0.05) lower in men with late versus early puberty. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that late puberty in males was associated with a substantial catch up in aBMD and BMC in young adulthood, leaving no deficits of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total body at age 24 years. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Skeletal muscle mass is associated with bone geometry and microstructure and serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 levels in adult women and men

Skeletal muscle and bone form highly‐integrated systems that undergo significant age‐related changes, but the relationships between muscle mass and trabecular versus cortical bone or trabecular microarchitecture have not been systematically investigated. Thus, we examined the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) relative to height squared (relative ASM) and bone parameters at several sites assessed by conventional as well as high‐resolution peripheral QCT in a cohort of 272 women and 317 men aged 20 to 97 years. In women, relative ASM was associated with cortical thickness (CtTh) at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, radius, and tibia (age‐and physical activity adjusted r = 0.19–0.32; all p < 0.01). Relative ASM was also associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the femoral neck and spine (all p < 0.05), and trabecular bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV), number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), and separation (TbSp) at the radius (all p ≤ 0.05). In all men, relative ASM was associated with CtTh at all sites (age‐ and physical activity–adjusted r = 0.17–0.28; all p < 0.01). Associations between relative ASM and trabecular vBMD at the spine in men were lost after adjusting for age; however, relative ASM was associated with trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and TbN and TbSp at the radius (all p < 0.01). We also investigated circulating factors associated with bone health that may be indicative of relative ASM and found that serum insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) binding protein‐2 (IGFBP‐2) levels were the most robust negative predictors of relative ASM in both sexes. Collectively, these data add to the growing body of evidence supporting the highly‐integrated nature of skeletal muscle and bone, and provide new insights into potential biomarkers that reflect the health of the musculoskeletal system. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Dimensions and volumetric BMD of the proximal femur and their relation to age among older U.S. men.

We measured femoral neck and shaft dimensions and volumetric BMD with QCT. Relations of these measures to age were quantified in a cross-sectional study among 3358 men 65-100 years old. Relations of femoral neck dimensions and vBMD to age differed from those in the shaft, indicating that patterns of bone modeling and remodeling in the neck and shaft are distinct. INTRODUCTION: Little is known about population variation in dimensions and volumetric BMD of the proximal femur or the relation of these measures to age among older men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, dimensions and volumetric BMD (vBMD) in the femoral neck and shaft were obtained from QCT scans among 3358 men 65-100 years of age in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men cohort. Total bone size and size of the cortical and medullary compartments were measured with volumes in the femoral neck and with areas in the shaft. We quantified distributions of these measures and examined their relations to age with multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: Population variation in femoral neck and shaft dimensions and vBMD was substantial. In the femoral neck, total volume was minimally related to age, whereas cortical volume was 5% smaller and medullary volume was 10% larger (both p < 0.0001) in the oldest (85+ years) compared with the youngest (65-69 years) men. Across these ages, the percent of cortical bone declined from 46% to 42% (p < 0.0001). Integral and trabecular vBMD were 9% and 22% lower, whereas DXA femoral neck BMD was 4% lower, in the older men. Neck cortical vBMD was unrelated to age. In the shaft, cross-sectional area and medullary area were 9% and 22% larger, respectively, in the oldest men (both p < 0.0001), but cortical area was unchanged with age. The percent of cortical bone declined from 69% to 65% across these ages (p < 0.0001). Shaft cortical BMD was 4% lower in the older men (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial diversity of femoral morphology and vBMD among older U.S. men. Patterns indicative of modeling and remodeling in the femoral neck were distinct from those in the shaft. Notably, changes in periosteal and endosteal dimensions that underlie cortical thinning appear to differ in the neck and shaft.