后路腰椎椎间融合术并发神经损伤的原因分析

目的:分析后路腰椎椎间融合术并发神经损伤的原因.方法:2003年3月～2008年5月采用后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)治疗腰椎疾病患者178例,其中腰椎间盘突出症42例,腰椎管狭窄症39例,退变性腰椎滑脱症61例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱症22例,腰椎椎板/椎间盘切除术后综合征14例:单节段融合130例,其中L3/48例,L4/5 64例,L5/S1 58例,双节段融合46例,其中L3/4、L4/5 19例,L4/5、L5/S1 27例,三节段融合2例,均为L3/4、L4/5、L5/S1,对其发生神经损伤的原因进行分析.结果:共并发神经损伤13例(7.3%),其中L4 1例,L5 7例,S1 5例;神经根牵拉伤6例,器械损伤3例,误伤变异神经根1例,硬膜外血肿致神经根受压1例,椎弓根骨折致神经根受压1例,继发性侧隐窝狭窄致神经根受压1例;完全性损伤2例,不完全性损伤11例.根据ASIA评分标准,神经功能完全恢复7例,部分恢复4例,无恢复2例.结论:后路腰椎椎间融合术并发神经损伤的原因是多方面的,以神经根的牵拉伤最多见.     

Clinical and radiological outcomes of posterior cervical decompression and fusion for severe cervical compressive-extension injury: A case series

BackgroundAlthough severe cervical compressive-extension (CE) injuries are usually repaired using a combined anterior-posterior approach, the repair is possible using a posterior approach alone with reliable anchors. This study aimed to present the outcomes and imaging analysis results of posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) for severe CE injuries.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 16 patients who underwent PCDF surgery for severe CE injuries (>50% subluxation) between January 2012 and December 2018. All patients completed 1-year follow-up, and their mean age at the time of surgery was 63.5 years. American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, kyphotic angle of lower vertebra (KALV), and anterior defect area of lower vertebra (ADLV) were assessed preoperatively.ResultsOf 16 patients, nine patients improved at the final follow-up, and eight patients could walk with or without assistance. All patients achieved bone union postoperatively, but four patients showed progression of correction loss of ≥10°. Therefore, patients were divided into two groups: NL group with correction loss of <10°; L group with correction loss of ≥10°. All patients in L group showed KALV of ≥15°, while 10 of 12 patients in NL group showed KALV of <15°. Furthermore, all patients in L group showed ADLV of ≥50%, whereas all patients in NL group showed ADLV of <50%.ConclusionsPCDF is feasible and a favorable procedure for severe CE injuries that require early reduction and cervical spinal stabilization. However, in the cases of advanced destruction of the anterior vertebra, loss of correction after PCDF might occur postoperatively.     

Posterior cord syndrome associated with postoperative seroma: The case to perform a complete neurologic exam

Context: Posterior cord syndrome (PCS) is the least common incomplete spinal cord injury. Findings of posterior cord syndrome include loss of proprioception and vibration, which are not routinely tested with the American Spinal Cord Injury Association’s International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) exam and can easily be missed. Seromas may develop after spinal instrumentation and can cause cord compression.Findings: This case describes a unique presentation of posterior cord syndrome following a large seroma formation after laminectomy. A patient developed ataxia with functional decline following posterior laminectomy. Examination revealed loss of vibration and proprioception in the extremities with preservation of strength. Imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated a large fluid collection at the laminectomy site causing cord compression. The fluid collection was thought to represent a seroma based on clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory testing. The patient was admitted to inpatient rehabilitation with improvement in function allowing discharge to home.Conclusion/clinical relevance: Seromas are a complication following cervical instrumentation that can cause compression of the adjacent spinal cord resulting in functional decline. The seroma, in this case, led to the loss of vibration and proprioception with resultant ataxia, signs that are not routinely identified on ISNCSCI exam; therefore, this highlights the need to broaden the neurological examination when evaluating a patient with spinal cord injury who has experienced a neurological setback.     

脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中运动诱发电位的监测作用

目的　探讨运动诱发电位（ＭＥＰ）对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤中神经功能的监测作用。　方法　对２６ 只大鼠腰骶段脊髓缺血前、缺血１５、２５ 、４０ 分钟及再灌注后５、１５、３０ 分钟、１、２ 和２４ 小时ＭＥＰ变化进行监测。　结果　在缺血１５ 分钟时ＭＥＰ潜伏期明显延长（Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ,波幅在缺血２５ 分钟时明显减小（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,缺血４０ 分钟时波形消失;再灌注后５ 分钟时波形恢复,但潜伏期大于正常（Ｐ＜０－０１） ,波幅小于正常（Ｐ＜０－０１）;再灌注后１５ 分钟至２ 小时波幅恢复正常（Ｐ＞ ０－０５）,潜伏期无恢复;再灌注后２４ 小时潜伏期虽然呈恢复趋势,但与再灌注早期相比,差异无显著性意义,此时波幅又明显下降低于正常（Ｐ＜０－０１） ,再灌注后２４ 小时双下肢运动功能比再灌注早明显降低（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。　结论ＭＥＰ能够准确监测脊髓神经功能在缺血再灌注损伤中的变化     

Perioperative mortality after lumbar spinal fusion surgery: an analysis of epidemiology and risk factors

Study design

Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 1998 to 2008.

Objective

To analyze the most recent available and nationally representative data for risk factors contributing to in-hospital mortality after primary lumbar spine fusion.

Summary of background data

The total number of lumbar spine fusion surgeries has increased dramatically over the past decades. While the field of spine fusion surgery remains highly dynamic with changes in perioperative care constantly affecting patient care, recent data affecting rates and risk for perioperative mortality remain very limited.

Methods

We obtained the NIS from the Hospital cost and utilization project. The impact of patient and health care system related demographics, including various comorbidities as well as postoperative complications on the outcome of in-hospital mortality after spine fusion were studied. Furthermore, we analyzed the timing of in-hospital mortality.

Results

An estimated total of 1,288,496 primary posterior lumbar spine fusion procedures were performed in the US between 1998 and 2008. The average mortality rate for lumbar spine fusion surgery was 0.2 %. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality included advanced age, male gender, large hospital size, and emergency admission. Comorbidities associated with the highest in-hospital mortality after lumbar spine fusion surgery were coagulopathy, metastatic cancer, congestive heart failure and renal disease. Most lethal complications were cerebrovascular events, sepsis and pulmonary embolism. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the timing of death occurred relatively early in the in-hospital period with over half of fatalities occurring by postoperative day 9.

Conclusion

This study provides nationally representative information on risk factors for and timing of perioperative mortality after primary lumbar spine fusion surgery. These data can be used to assess risk for this event and to develop targeted intervention to decrease such risk.     

Hartshill rectangle: failure of spinal stabilisation in acute spinal cord injury

A high rate of failure of the internal fixation of unstable spinal fractures in complete cord injured patients was noted in patients referred to the Salisbury Spinal Centre who had been stabilised with a Hartshill rectangle. This prompted a review of the operative notes, radiographs and clinical outcomes of all patients referred to the centre with a Hartshill rectangle in situ. All patients identified with a complete spinal cord injury and Hartshill rectangle were identified. Forty-three such patients referred from 13 different centres were found. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were assessed for fracture pattern and for spinal correction. Operative outcome in terms of pain and complications relating to surgery were identified. The most recent radiographs were assessed for signs of loss of reduction or stabilisation. Follow-up averaged 84 months (range 36–132 months). Of the 43 identified patients, 19 were found to have unsatisfactory stabilisation. Persistent pain, broken implants and worsening kyphosis were the main complications. The failure to use bone graft at the time of stabilisation was significantly (P < 0.001) related to risk of failure. The application and use of the Hartshill is not a technically challenging procedure; however, if the system is to be used, it must be used correctly. Failure to correctly apply the rectangle and to use bone graft will lead to an unacceptably high rate of failure. Received: 2 June 1998/Revised: 27 October 1999/Accepted: 16 December 1999     

前路与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价前路减压(anterior decompression)与后路减压(posterior decompression)治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效与安全性,为胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效提供更好的科学依据。方法:检索并收集前路减压与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的比较性研究。通过计算机检索下列数据库:Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、CBM、万方医学网。人工检索期刊Spine、European Spine Journal、The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery。2名脊柱外科专业人员按照既定的纳入与排除标准,独立筛选文献,并对各纳入的研究进行质量评价。使用Review Manager5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,观察指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后触觉评分、术后运动评分、术后伤椎高度、住院时间、神经功能恢复、治疗有效率及术后并发症。结果:最终纳入15项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trail,RCT),共1360例患者,其中前路减压术680例,后路减压术680例。Meta分析结果示,与后路减压组相比,前路减压组手术时间长[MD=80.09,95%CI(36.83,123.34),P=0.0003],术中出血量多[MD=225.21,95%CI(171.07,279.35),P0.00001],住院时间长[MD=2.31,95%CI(0.32,4.31),P=0.02],术后触觉评分高[MD=13.39,95%CI(9.86,16.92),P0.00001],术后运动评分高[MD=13.15,95%CI(7.02,19.29),P0.0001],伤椎高度高[MD=1.36,95%CI(0.79,1.92),P0.00001],而两者在治疗有效率[OR=1.14,95%CI(0.56,2.31),P=0.72]、神经功能恢复[OR=0.87,95%CI(0.57,1.33),P=0.52]方面,差异均无统计学意义。结论:前路减压与后路减压相比,手术时间长,术中出血量多,住院时间长,术后触觉评分高,术后运动评分高,伤椎高度高,但是两者在治疗有效率、神经功能恢复方面差异无统计学意义。     

Hybrid手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨融合兼非融合手术(Hybrid)治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效、手术要点及适应证.方法 2008年8月至2011年12月采用Hybrid手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者38例,男27例,女11例,年龄33～70岁,平均51岁.共86个节段,涉及双节段28例,三节段10例,融合48个节段,非融合38个节段.术前及末次随访采用日本矫形外科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分系统评估神经系统功能;采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估疼痛;在颈椎X线片上测量颈椎活动度及人工椎间盘与相邻节段高度;观察手术并发症.结果 38例患者中37例获得随访,随访15～55个月(平均29.1个月).36例患者神经系统功能得到不同程度恢复,JOA评分术前(10.5±1.57)分,末次随访(14.3±1.97)分,改善率为58.46％,优16例,良20例,差1例.VAS评分术前(7.3±1.04)分,末次随访(3.2±1.41)分,颈椎Cobb角由术前25°±3.21°改善至末次随访20°±2.56°.术后l例神经功能未见恢复,2例出现声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳,22例出现咽喉疼痛,3例PCM假体前移.其余病例均未见假体移位、内植物松动及异位骨化等发生.结论 Hybrid手术可以彻底减压病变节段,融合退变严重的节段,保留非融合节段的活动度,使患者颈椎达到稳定,症状明显改善,短期疗效满意,是一种可供选择的治疗方案.     

胸腰椎脊髓损伤侧前方减压的适应证与术式选择

胸腰椎骨折脱位并截瘫主要系椎管前方的椎体骨拆块、椎体后上角与椎间盘突出及大于２０°的脊柱后弓成角所致，是侧前方减压的适应证。经后正中入路椎弓根侧前方减压的优点是手术创伤较小，可同时探查脊髓与安置后方内固定；缺点是不能直视脊髓前方，对侧减压可能不彻底或需对侧辅助减压。适于Ｔ１０以上的胸椎与Ｌ２以下腰椎，亦适于胸腰段，特别是已行椎板切除者。     

颈椎病后路手术的并发症及其防治

本文总结了颈椎后路手术术后发生并发症的患者，共４０例，包括反应性脊髓水肿１０例、减压性神经根牵拉痛５例、假性脊膜囊肿及一过性脑脊液外溢５例等共１２种并发症。对其发生原因及预防方法进行了讨论。     

胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤后期的MRI研究

目的：观察胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤后期MRI遥表,咱升性脊髓病变的主要相关因素,方法：选取胸腰段脊仍髓损伤1年以上患者144例的MRI,进行观察,测量工进行统计学处理。结果：本组病例的MRI表现依次有变性、粘连、萎缩、囊变、空洞和外伤性拴系,上升性脊髓病变发生率47．2％,包括变性,萎缩和这洞三种表现。结论：完全性脊髓损伤、脊髓严重受压以及T11、T12骨折的患者更易出现上升性脊髓病变;完全性脊髓损伤、脊髓严重受压的患者更易出现脊髓萎缩。     

后路一期半椎体切除单节段融合治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的疗效及其并发症

目的 评价后路一期半椎体切除单节段融合治疗半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧凸的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年2月至2008年9月30例接受手术治疗的半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧凸的患者临床资料,其中女性15例,男性15例,年龄2～16岁,平均6.0岁.所有病例均行后路一期半椎体切除,均应用椎弓根螺钉技术行单节段固定,术前、术后及随访时均行站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片检查,对冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、躯干偏移进行测量分析.同时复习病历,统计手术时间、出血量以及并发症情况.结果 30例患者手术时间120～400 min,平均193.8 min;出血量80～1000 ml.平均369.0 ml;随访24～90个月,平均46.6个月.冠状面主弯Cobb角术前平均36.4°,术后4.0°,末次随访4.9°,矫正率为86.5%;头侧代偿弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均17.5°,术后6.8°,末次随访4.4°,矫正率为74.9%;尾侧代偿弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均19.3°,术后5.5°,末次随访4.8°,矫正率为75.1%;躯干偏移术前平均17.1mm,术后14.6 mm,末次随访8.8 mm;矢状面节段后凸Cobb角同正常值的差距术前平均21.2°,术后6.9°,末次随访6.6°,矫正率为68.9%.有2例患者手术后出现椎弓根螺钉切割,1例术后畸形进展,翻修后断棒,1例出现伤口延迟愈合,有2例患者随访发现截骨间隙仍呈低密度"透亮带",但无假关节以及内固定失败发生.结论 后路一期半椎体切除单节段融合可早期去除先天性脊柱侧凸病因,在矫正原发畸形的同时可以减少继发畸形的出现,可保留更多的活动节段.但螺钉切割等内固定失败可能性大.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and complications of posterior hemivertebra resection with monosegmental fusion in the treatment of congenital scoliosis. Methods Thirty consecutive cases of congenital scoliosis managed by posterior hemivertebra resection with monosegmental fusion of the two adjacent vertebra were investigated retrospectively. Radiographs were reviewed to determine the coronal curve magnitude and sagittal alignment preoperatively, postoperatively and at last follow-up. Operative reports and patient charts were reviewed to record any perioperative and late complications. Results The total number of resected hemivertebra was 30. Mean operation time was 193. 8 min with average blood loss of 369. 0 ml. The segmental scoliosis was corrected from 36. 4° to 4. 9° with a correction rate of 86. 5% , and segmental kyphosis(difference to normal segmental alignment) from 21. 2° to 6. 6° with a correction rate of 68. 9%. The trunk shift was improved from 17. 1 to 8. 8 mm. The correction of the compensatory cranial and caudal curve were 74. 9% and 75. 1%. There were 1 delayed wound healing, 2 pedicle cutting and 1 rod breakages. Radiolucent gaps were found on the lateral view in 2 cases without any sign of implant failure and correction loss. Conclusions Posterior hemivertebra resection with monosegmental fusion of the two adjacent vertebra allows for early intervention in very young children. Excellent correction in the frontal and sagittal planes can be obtained. And a short segment of fusion allows for normal growth in the unaffected parts of the spine. The most common complication is implant failure.     

后外侧融合与不融合在经伤椎固定治疗无脊髓损伤胸腰椎骨折中的疗效比较

目的 比较后外侧融合与不融合在经伤椎固定治疗无脊髓损伤的胸腰椎A3型骨折中的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2010年10月56例无脊髓损伤的AO分型为A3型胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料,按手术方式不同分为两组:融合组34例,男20例,女14例；平均(36.2±7.3)岁；伤椎分布:T112例,T12 10例,L1l4例,L28例,行后路复位经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术,并取自体髂骨或同种异体骨行后外侧融合术；不融合组22例,男13例,女9例；平均(34.6±7.4)岁；伤椎分布:T112例,T128例,L110例,L22例,仅行后路复位经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术.两组患者术前一般资料差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05),具有可比性.分别于术前、术后即刻、术后1年和术后2年随访,对两组患者的影像学指标与临床疗效进行比较.结果所有患者术后获24 ～ 84个月(平均35.6个月)的随访.两组患者手术时间[(104.1±8.5)min比(99.1±11.8) min]、出血量[(199.1 ±63.7) mL比(175.5 ±60.8) mL],术后cobb角的矫正度(13.4°±7.3°比l2.6°±4.6°)、术后2年丢失度(5.1°±4.5°比3.8°±3.9°),伤椎后凸角的矫正度(9.6°±5.1°比8.2°±3.4°)、术后2年丢失度(3.4°±2.2°比2.4°±2.7°),伤椎前、后缘高度百分比矫正度(27.5％ ± 8.6％比25.6％±10.8％),(8.4％±5.1％比7.1％±5.3％)、术后2年丢失度(5.7％±4.5％比4.8％±3.6％),(2.5％±1.7％比3.2％±1.1％),椎管矢状径复位度比较差异均无统计学意义(p＞0.05).两组患者术前、术后、术后1年和术后2年的Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表评分与视觉模拟评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05).术后除融合组l例发生断钉外,其他患者均未出现神经损伤及与伤椎置钉相关的并发症. 结论对于无脊髓损伤的胸腰椎A3型骨折,后外侧融合与不融合经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定疗效相当.     

Effective antibiotic stewardship in spinal cord injury: Challenges and a way forward

Context: Antibiotic stewardship, defined as a multidisciplinary program to reduce the misuse of antibiotics, and in turn, antibiotic resistance, is a high priority. Persons with spinal cord injury/disorder (SCI/D) are vulnerable to receiving multiple courses of antibiotics over their lifetime given frequent healthcare exposure, and have high rates of bacterial infection with multi-drug resistant organisms. Additional challenges to evaluating appropriate use of antibiotics in this population include bacterial colonization in the urine and the differences in the presenting signs and symptoms of infection. Therefore, Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities with SCI/D centers need effective antibiotic stewardship programs.

Results: We analyzed the results of a 2012 VHA-wide survey evaluating available antibiotic stewardship resources, and compared the resources present at facilities with SCI/D (n=23) versus non-SCI/D facilities (n=107). VHA facilities with SCI/D centers are more likely to have components of an antibiotic stewardship program that have led to reduced antibiotic use in previous studies. They are also more likely to have personnel with infectious diseases training.

Conclusion: VHA facilities with SCI/D centers have the resources needed for antibiotic stewardship. The next step will be to determine how to implement effective antibiotic stewardship tailored for this patient care setting.     

颈前路单cage植骨融合联合钢板内固定治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤

目的探讨颈前路单cage植骨融合联合钢板内固定治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法采用颈前路单cage植骨融合联合钢板内固定治疗63例无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤患者。比较术前、术后3周和末次随访的ASIA评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~60个月。ASIA评分:术前为(48.15±17.23)分,术后3周为(61.42±17.34)分,末次随访为(64.11±16.93)分;术后3周、末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访与术后3周比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者融合节段3~12个月均获得良好骨性融合,影像学复查显示减压充分、内固定位置良好。患者均无神经、血管损伤,均无cage移位、沉陷及钢板松动、移位、断裂等并发症。结论颈前路单cage植骨融合联合钢板内固定是治疗无骨折脱位颈脊髓损伤较为理想的方法。     

甲基强的松龙与神经节苷脂治疗大鼠急性脊髓损伤

目的探讨早期联合应用大剂量甲基强的松龙(MP)及神经节苷脂(GM1)对大鼠急性脊髓损伤的治疗效果.方法改良Allen's打击法致伤36只大鼠T10～T12脊髓建立急性脊髓损伤模型,随机分为对照组、MP治疗组(应用大剂量MP)及MP+GM1治疗组(早期联合应用大剂量MP及GM1),观察大鼠肢体功能恢复、运动神经元数目及截面积以及胆碱脂酶活性变化,TUNEL标记检测凋亡神经元细胞,比较各组间差别.结果治疗组大鼠神经元细胞结构退变较对照组轻,BBB评分、运动神经元数目及截面积以及胆碱脂酶(CHE)活性较对照组明显提高,尤以MP+GM1组更明显,脊髓凋亡神经元数对照组较实验组明显增多(P＜0.05).结论甲基强的松龙及神经节苷脂对急性脊髓损伤大鼠的脊髓功能具有保护作用,二者联合应用具有协同作用.     

Thoracolumbar spinal fractures: radiological results of transpedicular fixation combined with transpedicular cancellous bone graft and posterior fusion in 183 patients

In internal posterior fixation of thoracolumbar fractures combined with transpedicular cancellous bone graft and posterior fusion of the intervertebral facet joints at the level of the destroyed end plate it is still uncertain as to whether significant vertebral body collapse and loss of correction of the regional angle (RA) and the intervertebral angle (IVA) occur (after removal of the implants). These questions were investigated in a retrospective study of 183 consecutive patients, 18-65 years old, with a spinal fracture between the 9th thoracic and the 5th lumbar vertebral body (inclusive), treated operatively between 1988 and 1996 (27% had objective neurological deficit, 37% had multiple injuries). According to the Comprehensive Classification, 128 type A, 32 type B and 21 type C fractures were identified preoperatively. Changes in the anterior wedge angle (AWA), the IVA and the RA were measured preoperatively, and within 1 month, 9 months and 24 months postoperatively. The effect of implant failure was also evaluated. The normality of the distribution was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. The one-sample runs test and the t-test were used to evaluate angle changes. Angles in patients with and without implant failure were compared using the unpaired t-test. Almost complete restoration of the AWA could be achieved during operation. Postoperative changes in AWA were either very small or not significant. The reduced vertebral body did not collapse after 9 months, when most of the patients (170) underwent removal of the implants, but significant changes in IVA were found after implant removal. Correction of the RA was statistically significant before implant removal, but the RA 2 years after surgery had become almost the same as the preoperative values. Changes at the level of the intervertebral space, occurring after implant removal, contributed to the loss in the RA. Broken pedicle screws (10.9% of the patients) resulted in significant changes in the AWA and RA before implant removal, but did not influence the IVA.     

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following elevated mean arterial pressures for cervical spinal cord injury

Background: Increasing the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is an accepted treatment modality to minimize the risk for irreversible neurologic damage secondary to spinal cord ischemia. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication occurring after transplantation surgery, in persons having an autoimmune disorder or after abrupt increases in blood pressure of various etiologies.

Study Design: Case report.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of medical records.

Results: A 68-year-old female with long-standing diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis (treated with methotrexate) presented with bilateral upper extremity weakness and numbness developing several days after a motor vehicle accident. Physical examination confirmed decreased upper extremity motor strength and decreased sensation to light touch and pinprick in the C5–C6 dermatomal distribution. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated C5–C6 subluxation with spinal cord compression. The patient had traction applied and mean arterial pressures were elevated greater than 85 mmg. The following day the patient underwent anterior and posterior cervical spine fusion and decompression. Immediately post-operatively, the patient developed status epilepticus. Head MRI revealed areas of high T2 signal intensity in the bilateral occipital lobes, consistent with a diagnosis of PRES. Two weeks later, the patient had resolution of her symptoms and resolution of PRES on imaging.

Conclusion: This is the first report of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome secondary to therapeutic blood pressure increase in the setting of cervical spine fracture with neurological deficits. The patients had resolution of symptoms following discontinuation of the MAP goals.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a life-threatening condition characterized by seizures, confusion, visual disturbance, and headaches alongside neuroradiological findings indicative of posterior cerebral hemispheric white matter edema.^1,2 PRES has been described in association with abrupt blood pressure elevation, autoimmune disorders, or transplantation.^1–4 In this case report PRES presented with typical status epilepticus⁵ but in an unexpected clinical setting, immediately after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical fusion (PCF) with laminectomy of C5–C6.     

脊髓损伤模型中神经细胞凋亡及Fas抗原和Bax蛋白在神经细胞中的表达

目的：观察脊髓损伤模型中Fas抗原及Bax蛋白在时间和空间上的表达特点以及脊髓损伤后组织形态及超微结构变化特点，探讨SCI后神经细胞的病理改变机理。方法：Wistar大鼠按Allen法建立脊髓损伤模型，分别在术后1h、8h、1d、2d、3d、7d，处死取材，每个时相点5只动物。分别在每只大鼠脊髓损伤中心区，损伤区头侧和尾侧3mm、5mm、7mm、10mm、13mm横截面处各切取3片组织。分别作Bax蛋白、Fas抗原免疫组化，HE染色，电镜下观察细胞超微结构的改变。结果：Fas抗原在损伤后8－24h，损伤区头、尾侧7mm处出现表达高峰。Bax蛋白在损伤后2－3d，损伤区头、尾侧7mm处出现高峰。电镜观察：损伤区死亡细胞呈坏死典型表现，而在非损伤区死亡细胞呈凋亡的典型表现。结论：SCI后急性损伤主要表现为细胞的坏死，继发损伤主要由细胞的凋亡引起。同时证实了凋亡的两条途径：由Fas抗原参与的死亡受体途径及Bax参与的线粒体途径均参与了SCI后细胞凋亡的病理过程。