卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者肩周组织超声影像特点

目的:本研究拟通过对脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者进行肩关节超声检查,观察卒中后偏瘫患者肩关节及其周围组织的超声影像特点,为偏瘫肩痛患者个体化临床治疗提供客观依据。方法:2016年10月—2017年4月,随机纳入在中山大学附属第三医院康复科住院的31例偏瘫患者进行研究,根据NAS评分将所有患者分为肩痛组和非肩痛组,所有患者双侧肩关节均进行超声检查。体格检查包括肩关节被动关节活动度、Fugl-Meyer上肢功能评定、内收内旋肌群肌张力等。结果:患者肩关节半脱位发生率:肩痛组高于非肩痛组(81.3%vs 40.0%,P=0.018)。肩痛组患者肩胛下肌-喙突滑囊粘连(81.3%)、肩峰下撞击征(75.0%)和肩峰-三角肌下滑囊病变(56.3%)的发生率均显著高于非肩痛组,组间差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:本研究中,卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者的肩关节半脱位、肩胛下肌-喙突滑囊粘连、肩峰下撞击征及肩峰-三角肌下滑囊炎发生率显著高于非肩痛患者。超声影像可明确卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者肩关节及其周围软组织病变,有助于明确导致卒中后肩痛的可能原因,为卒中后肩痛患者的个体化临床治疗提供参考依据。     

脑卒中偏瘫肩痛患者的超声图像表现

摘要 目的：通过超声检查以及临床查体,明确脑卒中患者偏瘫肩痛（HSP）的原因,并分析超声表现与肩痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分之间的关系。 方法：选取56例首次发生脑卒中偏瘫的患者进行研究,根据VAS评分分为肩痛组及非肩痛组,所有患者均行双侧肩关节超声检查。临床检查包括Brunnstrom分期、Ashworth分级、肩关节半脱位及被动关节活动度（PROM）。 结果：肩痛组患者肩关节半脱位发生率较非肩痛组高（51.4% vs 23.8%）,两组比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。超声显示,肩痛组患者冈上肌病变（54.3%）和肩峰下—三角肌下滑囊（SA-SD）积液（45.7%）与非肩痛组相比差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。相关性分析可见冈上肌病变及肩峰下滑囊积液与偏瘫肩痛之间具有明显的相关性。 结论：肩袖损伤是脑卒中患者偏瘫后肩痛的原因之一,冈上肌损伤及肩峰下滑囊病变同肩痛的程度有关。     

Intertester reliability of shoulder complaints diagnoses in primary health care

Objective: Shoulder complaints are frequently encountered in general practice, but precise diagnosing is challenging. This study investigated agreement of shoulder complaints diagnoses between clinicians in a primary health care setting.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Four primary health care clinicians used patients’ history and functional examination of the shoulder by selective tissue tension techniques (STTs), to diagnose shoulder complaints.

Subjects: 62 patients, aged 18–75 years.

Main outcome measure: Reliability of diagnoses was assessed by observed intertester agreement and Cohen’s kappa. A total of 372 diagnostic pairs were available for intertester comparisons.

Results: Six diagnoses were assigned by all clinicians; supraspinatus-, infraspinatus-, subscapularis-tendinopathies; chronic subacromial bursitis; glenohumeral capsulitis, and acromioclavicular joint lesion. The observed agreement on these diagnoses ranged from 0.84 for glenohumeral capsulitis to 0.97 for acromioclavicular joint lesion. Kappa scores were 0.46 (95% CI 0.33, 0.58) for chronic subacromial bursitis; 0.53 (95% CI 0.34, 0.68), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47, 0.70), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.53, 0.82) for infraspinatus -, supraspinatus -, and subscapularis-tendinopathy, respectively. For glenohumeral capsulitis and acromioclavicular lesion kappa scores were 0.66 (95% CI 0.57, 0.73) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.61, 0.90). Kappa scores were higher for individual diagnoses than for individual tests, except for limitation in passive abduction (0.70, 95% CI 0.62, 0.78) and passive lateral rotation (0.66, 95% CI 0.57, 0.73).

Conclusions: Although experienced clinicians showed substantial intertester agreement, precise diagnoses of shoulder complaints in primary health care remain a challenge. The present results call for further research on refined diagnoses of shoulder complaints.

• Key points

• Based on medical history and a systematic functional examination by selective tissue tension techniques (STTs), we investigated the agreement of shoulder complaints diagnoses across four primary health care clinicians and 62 patients.

• ??Agreements on diagnoses were generally better than the agreement on individual tests.

• ??Good kappa scores were obtained for the diagnoses glenohumeral capsulitis, rotator cuff tendinopathy, and acromioclavicular lesion.

• ??Further research is necessary to investigate the diagnostic validity of functional shoulder examination by the STTs method.

     

Hepatic cyst with intracystic bleeding: contrast-enhanced sonographic findings

Intracystic bleeding is a relatively rare complication of hepatic cysts, which is very difficult to diagnose by conventional sonography (US). Hence, a new US technique has been sought for this purpose. We present the case of a hepatic cyst with intracystic bleeding in which contrast-enhanced US showed microbubbles oozing from the cyst wall into the cystic cavity. Contrast-enhanced US is now an important diagnostic tool for diagnosing liver tumors, but contrast-enhanced US findings relating to intracystic bleeding have not been reported. Our observations suggest that this technique may be a useful new diagnostic tool for this purpose.     

Bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis: sonographic findings

Renal lymphangiomatosis is an exceedingly rare disorder characterized by developmental malformation of the lymphatic system surrounding the kidneys. We report a case of bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis in a 21-year-old man who underwent abdominal sonographic examination that revealed numerous cystic areas of various sizes around both kidneys with extension along the renal hilum. Subsequent abdominal CT examination demonstrated bilateral, multilocular, fluid-filled cystic masses with thin walls in the perirenal and peripelvic region. MRI of the patient revealed bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple hyperintense lesions in both perirenal spaces and the peripelvic area on T2-weighted images. These cystic spaces appeared hypointense on T1-weighted images with no enhancement in postcontrast images. The diagnosis of renal lymphangiomatosis was made based on typical imaging findings.     

肌内效贴对脑卒中患者肩关节半脱位后肩痛的疗效观察

目的:观察肌内效贴对脑卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节半脱位后肩痛的疗效。方法:56例脑卒中肩关节半脱位后肩痛患者,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组与对照组(各28例),两组患者均实施常规康复治疗及宣教,治疗组在此基础上结合肌内效贴干预。分别于治疗前和治疗6周后通过X线测量法测量肩峰与肱骨头间距(AHI)、肩关节视觉模拟评分(VAS)疼痛、Fugl-Meyer上肢功能评分、肩痛侧腋神经及肌皮神经的运动神经传导测定,对两组治疗结果进行疗效评价。结果:治疗前,两组患者AHI值、VAS评分、Fugl-Meyer上肢功能评分无明显差异(P0.05),且检测所有患者肩痛侧腋神经(刺激部位:Erb点;记录部位:三角肌)及肌皮神经(刺激部位:Erb点;记录部位:肱二头肌)后发现两组中某些患者肌皮神经(30例,53.57%)、腋神经(31例,55.36%)波幅明显低于正常值,而潜伏期轻度延长或正常(提示轴索损伤)。两组治疗6周后,治疗组各项评分改善优于对照组(P0.05)且无不良事件发生。结论:在常规康复治疗的基础上,肌内效贴在脑卒中患者偏瘫侧肩关节半脱位后肩痛早期防治中,具有良好的疗效,其相应机制有待进一步研究。     

偏瘫患者与肩关节半脱位

本文详细介绍了应用放射线测量法诊断脑卒中偏瘫病人肩关节半脱位的方法。作者并应用放射线测量和指测两种方法对６１例完全性脑卒中偏瘫患者的肩关节进行评价，结果肩关节半脱位的发生率分别为４０．９％和５４％。通过两种评价方法的比较表明，放射线测量法精确可靠，指测法因受多种因素的影响，结果误差较大．因此，建议在诊断脑卒中病人早期肩关节半脱位及评价治疗效果时宜采用放射线测量法。     

肌内效贴结合肩部强化训练对脑卒中后偏瘫痉挛期患者肩痛的影响

目的:观察肌内效贴结合肩部强化训练对脑卒中后偏瘫痉挛期患者肩痛的影响。方法:70例脑卒中后偏瘫痉挛期肩痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各35例。对照组给予常规治疗加肩部强化训练,观察组在此基础上辅以肌内效贴治疗。治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定患侧肩痛,Fugl-Meyer运动评分量表中上肢部分(FMA)评定上肢运动功能和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定日常生活活动(ADL)能力。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者VAS评分较治疗前显著降低(均P0.01),且观察组更低于对照组(P0.01);2组患者FMA和MBI均显著高于治疗前(均P0.01),且观察组更高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:肌内效贴结合肩部强化训练能有效减轻脑卒中偏瘫痉挛期患者的肩痛,提高上肢运动功能和ADL能力。     

Calcific myonecrosis and tenosynovitis: sonographic findings with correlative imaging

We report the sonographic appearance of a case of calcific myonecrosis and tenosynovitis with correlative plain radiography and CT findings. Calcific myonecrosis is a rare complication of previous trauma that presents as a tumor-like calcified mass years after an initial injury, most commonly affecting the anterior compartment of the lower leg. Although the clinical, radiographic, and MRI features of calcific myonecrosis have been well described, to our knowledge the sonographic appearance has not been reported previously in the literature.     

Responsiveness of two Persian-versions of shoulder outcome measures following physiotherapy intervention in patients with shoulder disorders

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the ability of the Persian-version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) to detect changes in shoulder function following physiotherapy intervention (i.e. responsiveness) and to determine the change score that indicates a meaningful change in functional ability of the patient (i.e. Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID)). Method: A convenient sample of 200 Persian-speaking patients with shoulder disorders completed the SPADI and the DASH at baseline and then again 4 weeks after physiotherapy intervention. Furthermore, patients were asked to rate their global rating of shoulder function at follow-up. The responsiveness was evaluated using two methods: the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method and the correlation analysis. Two useful statistics extracted from the ROC method are the area under curve (AUC) and the optimal cutoff point called as MCID. Results: Both the SPADI and the DASH showed the AUC of greater than 0.70 (AUC ranges?=?0.77–0.82). The best cutoff points (or change scores) for the SPADI-total, SPADI-pain, SPADI-disability and the DASH were 14.88, 26.36, 23.86, and 25.41, respectively. Additionally, moderate to good correlations (Gamma?=??0.51 to ?0.58) were found between the changes in SPADI/DASH and changes in global rating scale. Conclusions: The Persian SPADI and DASH have adequate responsiveness to clinical changes in patients with shoulder disorders. Moreover, the MCIDs obtained in this study will help the clinicians and researchers to determine if a Persian-speaking patient with shoulder disorder has experienced a true change following a physiotherapy intervention.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Responsiveness was evaluated using two methods; the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method and the correlation analysis.

• The Persian SPADI and DASH can be used as two responsive instruments in both clinical practice and research settings.

• The MCIDs of 14.88 and 25.41 points obtained for the SPADI-total and DASH indicated that the change scores of at least 14.88 points on the SPADI-total and 25.41 points on the DASH is necessary to certain that a true change has occurred following a physiotherapy intervention.

     

肌骨超声影像技术在肩痛患者中评估及介入治疗的应用研究

目的:回顾分析肌骨超声影像技术在康复科肩痛门诊开展情况。方法:对我科门诊接受肌骨超声影像引导糖皮质激素注射治疗的所有肩痛患者的一般资料及注射前、后临床资料进行收集,采用肩关节疼痛与功能障碍指数(shoulder pain and disability index,SPADI)量表评估疗效。结果:共纳入接受注射治疗的患者102例,急性肩痛患者单独肩峰下滑囊的注射率高于慢性肩痛患者(P0.05)。注射前、后完成评估及随访的患者共71例(75例患肩),与注射前相比,注射后1周、1个月、3个月患者肩关节疼痛评分显著下降(P0.0083),功能障碍评分明显改善(P0.0083)。结论:在康复科门诊接受注射治疗的肩痛患者以中老年为主;常见注射部位是肩周滑囊和肱二头肌长头腱鞘;急性肩痛患者单独肩峰下滑囊注射率较高;超声影像引导糖皮质激素注射治疗肩痛定位精准、疗效显著且效果稳定。     

Headache and neck or shoulder pain - frequent and disabling complaints in the general population

Objective - to describe the prevalences of reported headache and neck or shoulder pain as unspecified complaints, and to explore the consequences of these complaints measured as unfitness for work.

Design - self-administered questionnaire as part of a general health screening.

Setting - all persons aged between 20 and 56 years, in the municipality of Tromsø were invited. Of 29026 invited, 21826 attended, and of these 20026 answered the questionnaire. Some 17700 answered the questions on headache, and 17650 on neck or shoulder pain.

Results - 6.0% of the males reported weekly or more frequent headache, and 15.4% reported neck or shoulder pain. The corresponding prevalences in women were 13.1% and 24.9%. This female preponderance was present also among subjects expressing the complaints daily or monthly. The prevalences of reported neck or shoulder pain increased significantly with age, while the prevalences of reported headache were not influenced by age. Of the subjects with weekly headache, as many as 30% of both sexes reported being »seriously hampered or unable to perform ordinary work«.

Conclusions - many people in the general population live with disabling complaints, but the numbers seeking medical care for them are far fewer. It is important to demonstrate the high prevalence of headache and neck or shoulder pain, and also to understand the complexity of the causal factors, and the reason why only a proportion of sufferers seek professional help.     

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia associated with trisomy 13: sonographic findings

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental abnormality with sonographic and macroscopic features similar to those seen in a partial hydatidiform mole, and which has usually been reported with a normal female karyotype. We report a case of prenatally suspected PMD associated with trisomy 13. Sonography performed at 17 weeks' gestation showed multiple cystic spaces in the placenta resembling molar tissue, and a fetus with postaxial polydactyly and an atrial septal defect. An amniocentesis revealed a fetal karyotype of 46,XY,der(13), t(13;13)(q11;q11)[20]/47,XY,+13[11], consistent with trisomy 13. Cordocentesis confirmed the cytogenetic diagnosis. Histopathologic examination of the placenta following termination of the pregnancy at 22 weeks' gestation showed enlarged stem villi with loose connective tissue and cistern formation and no evidence of trophoblastic hyperplasia or stromal trophoblastic inclusions, which was consistent with PMD. PMD should be considered in the differential diagnoses of a placenta showing multiple cystic lesions on prenatal sonography, and karyotypic analysis should be performed.     

Contrast-enhanced sonographic findings in a case of hepatobiliary cystadenoma with intracystic bleeding

Intracystic slow bleeding is very difficult to diagnose using conventional sonography; consequently, a new sonographic technique has been sought. We present a histologically proven hepatobiliary cystadenoma with intracystic bleeding in which contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) showed microbubbles oozing from the cyst wall into the cystic cavity 10 minutes after intravenous injection of contrast medium. CEUS is an important diagnostic tool for diagnosing liver tumors, but the CEUS finding of slow intracystic bleeding has not been reported. Our observation suggests that this technique may be a new diagnostic tool for this purpose.     

超声介导药物（祛湿止痛液）联合肌电生物反馈对卒中后肩痛患者的肩痛、肩关节运动功能改善效果

目的 观察超声介导药物（祛湿止痛液）联合肌电生物反馈对卒中后肩痛患者的肩痛、肩关节运动功能改善效果。方法 选择2019年1月至2020年1月我院收治的60例卒中后肩痛患者作为研究对象,按照入院号奇偶数字法将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组采用肌电生物反馈治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合超声介导药物（祛湿止痛液）治疗。比较两组的肩痛程度、肩关节活动度、上肢功能、生命质量及日常生活能力。结果 治疗前,两组的肩痛程度VAS评分无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后2、4、8周,观察组的肩痛程度VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前,两组的肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动度无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组的肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动度均较治疗前增大,且观察组大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗前,两组患者的FMA、CMS、肩关节Neer评分、QOL-BREF及Barthel指数评分无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组的FMA、CMS、肩关节Neer评分、QOL-BREF及Barthel指数评分均较治疗前升高,且观察组均高于对照组（P<0.05...     

Early abdominal sonographic findings in patients with dengue fever

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the early sonographic findings in dengue hemorrhagic fever. METHODS: From July 2002 to September 2002, 86 patients were referred to our center with suspected dengue fever during an outbreak of the disease in Taiwan. All the patients underwent immediate abdominal sonography when they arrived at our emergency room. The diagnosis of dengue fever was subsequently confirmed by serology in 65 patients. RESULTS: All our patients had type 2 dengue fever, as confirmed by serologic tests. The sonographic features included a thickened gallbladder wall in 38 patients (59%), ascites in 24 patients (37%), splenomegaly in 22 patients (34%), and pleural effusion in 21 patients (32%); pleural effusion was either right-sided or bilateral. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal sonography can be used as a first-line imaging modality in patients with suspected dengue fever to detect early signs suggestive of the disease prior to obtaining serologic confirmation test results, especially in a dengue fever epidemic area.     

Reliability and relationship of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire with the shoulder pain and disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with shoulder pain

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) the test–retest reliability of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) Work (FABQW) subscale, FABQ Physical Activity (FABQPA) subscale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) Pain subscale, SPADI Disability subscale, and Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPRS); and 2) the relationship between the FABQPA, FABQW, SPADI pain, SPADI disability, and NPRS after 4 weeks of pragmatically applied physical therapy (PT) in patients with shoulder pain. Design: Prospective, single-group observational design. Methods: Data were collected at initial evaluation, the first follow-up visit prior to the initiation of treatment, and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: Statistically significant Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC_2,1) values were reported for the FABQPA, FABQW, SPADI Pain, SPADI Disability, and NPRS. A statistically significant moderate relationship between the FABQPA subscale, SPADI subscale, and NPRS could not be established prior to and after 4 weeks of pragmatically applied PT. Statistically significant differences were observed between the initial evaluation and four-week follow-up for the FABQPA, SPADI Pain, SPADI Disability, and NPRS (p < 0.01). Discussion: Since a meaningful relationship between the FABQ, SPADI, and NPRS did not exist, it suggests that the FABQPA may be measuring a metric other than pain. Conclusions: This study suggests that the FABQW may not be sensitive to change over time.