Heritability estimates of muscle strength‐related phenotypes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The purpose of this study was to clarify the heritability estimates of human muscle strength‐related phenotypes (H²‐msp). A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed (through August 22, 2016). Studies reporting the H²‐msp for healthy subjects in a sedentary state were included. Random‐effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean heritability estimates. Moreover, subgroup analyses were performed based on phenotypic categories (eg, grip strength, isotonic strength, jumping ability). Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity of H²‐msp, which included age and sex. Twenty‐four articles including 58 measurements were included in the meta‐analysis. The weighted mean H²‐msp for all 58 measurements was 0.52 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.48–0.56), with high heterogeneity (I²=91.0%, P<.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the heritability of isometric grip strength, other isometric strength, isotonic strength, isokinetic strength, jumping ability, and other power measurements was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46–0.67), 0.49 (0.47–0.52), 0.49 (0.32–0.67), 0.49 (0.37–0.61), 0.55 (0.45–0.65), and 0.51 (0.31–0.70), respectively. The H²‐msp decreased with age (P<.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that the influence of genetic and environmental factors on muscle strength‐related phenotypes is comparable. Moreover, the role of environmental factors increased with age. These findings may contribute toward an understanding of muscle strength‐related phenotypes.     

Hepatic transit time analysis using contrast enhanced MRI with Gd‐BOPTA: A prospective study comparing patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer and healthy volunteers

Purpose:

To find out if the hepatic transit time (HTT) shortening, which was already proven in patients with liver metastases by other modalities, can also be detected with MRI.

Materials and Methods:

The Patient group consisted of 20 subjects with liver metastases from colorectal cancer and the control group of 21 healthy subjects. Baseline and post contrast images were acquired before and after administration of Gd‐BOPTA, using a T1‐weighted bolus test sequence. Arrival times (AT) of the contrast agent for the aorta, the hepatic artery, the portal vein and one hepatic vein were determined. Based on arrival time measurements HTT were calculated.

Results:

All analyses showed significantly shorter HTT in patients with metastases compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). There were no false positives using a threshold of 10.4 s for arterial to venous HTT. For aortal to venous and portal to venous HTT a threshold of 12.5 s and 4 s was calculated, respectively. No significant correlation between HTT and involved liver segments, overall volume of metastases or subject age was found.

Conclusion:

We conclude that HTT measurements using contrast enhanced MRI with Gd‐BOPTA can detect hemodynamic changes due to metastatic liver disease from colorectal cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1389–1394. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A systematic review of computer-assisted diagnosis in diagnostic cancer imaging

Objectives

This study reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) in cancer imaging. Diagnostic applications were studied to estimate the impact of CAD on radiologists’ detection and diagnosis of cancer lesions.

Methods

Online databases were searched and 48 studies from 1992 to 2010 were included: 16 with radiologists using CAD to detect lesions (CADe) and 32 with radiologists using CAD to classify or diagnose lesions (CADx). Weighted means, statistics, summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curves, and related measures were used for analysis.

Results

There is evidence that CADx significantly improves diagnosis in mammography and breast ultrasound. In contrast, studies of CADx applied to lung CT and dermatologic imaging show an adverse impact on diagnosis. Overall, there is no evidence of a benefit due to the use of CADe. The area under the SROC curves was not significantly increased for radiologists using either CADe or CADx.

Conclusions

From this analysis it seems CADx can offer some benefit to radiologists in specific imaging applications for breast cancer diagnosis. There is no evidence of a beneficial effect in other applications of CAD and some evidence of a detrimental one.     

微波消融治疗结直肠癌根治术后肝转移患者的疗效分析

目的 评价微波消融(MWA)在结直肠癌根治术后肝转移治疗中的作用,评估局部疗效及各因素对远期预后的影响.方法 回顾性统计2010年1月至2011年12月接受超声引导下MWA术治疗的106例结直肠癌根治术后肝转移患者的临床资料.观察术后完全消融率、并发症和局部肿瘤进展,计算术后总体生存率和无瘤生存率,并行生存率相关影响因素分析.结果 106例患者共消融215枚肿瘤,首次消融后209枚达到完全消融(97.2％);严重并发症发生率2.8％(3/106).截至随访结束,局部肿瘤进展率6.6％ (7/106);术后中位生存时间35个月;1、3、5年总体生存率和无瘤生存率分别为87.7％ 、50.0％、33.0％和55.7％、21.7％、5.7％.亚组分析显示,肿瘤最大直径≤3 cm的患者5年生存率为35.1％,＞3 cm的患者5年总生存率为27.3％,差异无统计学意义(P=0.077),化疗组5年生存率为38.9％,显著高于未化疗组的10.0％(P=0.003),肝内单发转移瘤患者5年生存率为50.9％,显著高于多发转移瘤患者的16.8％ (P=0.000).结论 MWA在直径≤6 cm肝转移瘤的治疗中,即使肿瘤直径较大,在完全消融后也能得到与直径较小的肿瘤相似的局部疗效和远期预后;MWA联合化疗能提高结直肠癌肝转移患者的远期预后,效果优于仅接受MWA;是否接受化疗、肝转移瘤数量及原发病灶手术切除时的Dukes分期是生存率的独立危险因素.     

Handgrip and knee extension strength as predictors of cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The specific role of different strength measures on mortality risk needs to be clarified to gain a better understanding of the clinical importance of different muscle groups, as well as to inform intervention protocols in relation to reducing early mortality. The aim of the systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the relationship between muscular strength and risk of cancer mortality. Eligible cohort studies were those that examined the association between muscular strength, as assessed using validated tests, and cancer mortality in healthy youth and adults. The hazard ratio (HR ) estimates obtained were pooled using random effects meta‐analysis models. The outcome was cancer mortality assessed using the HR (Cox proportional hazards model). Eleven prospective studies with 1 309 413 participants were included, and 9787 cancer‐specific deaths were reported. Overall, greater handgrip (HR  = 0.97, 95% CI , 0.92‐1.02; P  =  .055; I ² = 18.9%) and knee extension strength (HR  = 0.98, 95% CI , 0.95‐1.00; P  =  .051; I ² = 60.6%) were barely significant associated with reduced risk of cancer mortality. Our study suggests that higher level of muscular strength is not statistically associated with lower risk of cancer mortality.     

影像组学在结直肠癌肝转移诊疗中的应用进展

结直肠癌发病率呈逐年上升趋势,肝脏是其远处转移最常见的靶器官。目前传统影像学在发现结直肠癌隐匿性肝转移灶、预测异时性肝转移及评估治疗反应方面仍有不足。影像组学可从医学图像数据中挖掘并提取肉眼难以分辨的信息,反映肿瘤内部异质性特征,从而为结直肠癌肝转移的预测、诊断、疗效评估及预后判断提供更多的辅助信息。就影像组学在结直肠癌肝转移诊疗中的应用进展进行综述。     

Comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced dynamic imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases

Purpose:

To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colorectal liver metastases between gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (EOB‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0 Tesla (T) system, and then to determine whether a combination of the two techniques may improve the diagnostic performance.

Materials and Methods:

Forty‐seven patients underwent MR imaging at 3.0T, including DWI (DWI set) and dynamic and hepatobiliary phase EOB‐MRI (EOB set) for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases. All suspicious metastases were confirmed by hepatic surgery. Two blinded readers independently reviewed three different image sets, which consisted of DWI set, EOB set, and combined set. The accuracy was assessed by the area (Az) under the alternative‐free response receiver operating characteristic curve, and the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.

Results:

We found a total of 78 confirmed colorectal liver metastases in 42 of 47 patients. Each reader noted higher diagnostic accuracy of combined set of EOB‐MRI and DWI than DWI set and EOB set, without statistical significance. Regardless of the size of colorectal liver metastasis, each reader detected significantly more metastases on combined set than on DWI set, and PPV was significantly higher with DWI set than with EOB set or with combined set for one reader.

Conclusion:

EOB‐MRI was more useful for the detection of colorectal liver metastases, while DWI was more useful for their characterization. The combination of EOB‐MRI and DWI showed significantly higher accuracy and sensitivity for the preoperative detection of small colorectal liver metastases than DWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

微波消融与手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移临床疗效的meta分析

【摘要】 目的 比较MWA和肝切除术（HR）治疗结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）患者的临床疗效。方法 利用计算机辅以人工检索维普、万方、中国知网、Embase、Cochrane library、Pubmed等有关数据库中关于MWA与HR治疗CRLM患者疗效的临床对照研究,检索日期为2000年1月1日至2020年9月5日。由2名评估人员独立的筛选文献,提取资料并进行质量评价,利用RevMan 5.3软件做出meta分析。结果 最终纳入13篇文献,其中回顾性队列研究8篇,病例对照研究3篇,随机对照研究2篇。共计1 470例患者包括MWA组662例,HR组808例。meta分析表明,MWA组与HR组的1年（OR=1.09,95%CI=0.69～1.73）、2年（OR=1.04,95%CI=0.72～1.52）、3年（OR=1.07,95%CI=0.83～1.38）、5年（OR=0.78,95%CI=0.57～1.05）生存率及1年（OR=0.66,95%CI=0.41～1.07）、3年（OR=0.87,95%CI=0.61～1.25）、5年（OR=0.77,95%CI=0.47～1.26）无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;与HR组患者相比,MWA组患者的住院治疗时间短且治疗费用低,严重临床并发症发生率低,两组差异有统计学意义（均P≤0.05）。结论 MWA与HR治疗CRLM患者疗效相仿,且MWA可缩短住院时间、降低治疗费用、减少严重并发症的出现,但未来仍需大规模、前瞻性、多中心试验进一步证实。     

结直肠癌原发灶及其肝转移灶的蛋白表达差异研究

目的研究结直肠癌发生及其肝转移过程中蛋白质的表达差异,以及这些差异蛋白与肝转移的关系。方法采用双向荧光差异凝胶电泳法(2-DDIGE)对比分析正常肠黏膜、结直肠癌原发灶及其肝转移灶中的蛋白质组表达差异,经质谱分析鉴定差异蛋白点。采用免疫组化方法验证差异蛋白在结直肠癌及其肝转移灶组织中的表达情况。结果结直肠癌原发灶与肝转移灶组织中蛋白质组分有明显差异。平均每张胶大约有900个蛋白点,结直肠癌原发灶与肝转移灶组织比较,差异倍数为1.5倍,差异点数目为46个。共分析了20个差异蛋白点,其中2个蛋白点在肝转移灶组织中表达下调,16个蛋白点肝在转移灶组织中表达上调。经质谱鉴定,激活蛋白因子2B、腺苷蛋氨酸变异体在肝转移灶组织中表达下调,锌指蛋白64同系物、鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子4、人精氨酸酶、人谷胱甘肽S-转移酶A3、肿瘤坏死因子α-诱导蛋白9等蛋白在肝转移灶中表达上调。经免疫组化方法验证人精氨酸酶表达在肝转移灶组织中高于原发灶组织。结论结直肠癌原发灶及其肝转移灶蛋白质组表达有显著差异,一些差异蛋白与结直肠癌的肝转移相关。人精氨酸酶可能是结直肠癌肝转移的生物标志物之一。     

Reproducibility and biological basis of in vivo T2* magnetic resonance imaging of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

In this study, the reproducibility of MR imaging in colorectal liver metastases was assessed and values were correlated with the expression of the hypoxia‐related markers GLUT‐1 and CA‐IX as well as the relative vascular area, and the vessel density in resected tumors. The reproducibility of was analyzed in 18 patients with in total 22 colorectal liver metastases using the Bland and Altman method for the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentile values. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 17 resected tumors obtained from 16 patients. The median of all liver metastases was 25.0 ± 5.6 ms vs. 23.0 ± 4.1 ms (median ± st.dev.) in normal liver. The coefficient of repeatability was 11.2 ms and the limits of agreement were ?13.2 ms and 9.1 ms for median values. On average, showed fair reproducibility. No correlations between values, hypoxia‐ and vascularity‐related markers were observed. Magn Reson Med, 70:1145–1152, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤二程放疗疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤接受二程放疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性收集2017—2023年于北京大学肿瘤医院接受二程放疗的28例不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者的资料,分析二程放疗的可行性。结果 28例患者二程放疗后中位随访时间为20.2个月。二程放疗距首程放疗的中位时间为11.1个月。首程放疗和二程放疗的中位生物有效剂量(BED)分别为100和96 Gy,分别有25例(89.3%)和24例(85.7%)患者接受了体部立体定向放射治疗。首程放疗和二程放疗的正常肝脏平均受量的2 Gy分次的等效剂量(EQD2)分别为10.1和 7.9 Gy。二程放疗后的完全缓解率和部分缓解率分别为54.5%和18.2%,客观反应率为72.7%。二程放疗后基于患者的2年的累积局部失败率为17.0%,基于病灶的2年的累积局部失败率为15.1%,1年无进展生存(PFS)为27.4%,3年总生存(OS)为46.7%。二程放疗后患者的耐受性良好,大部分患者(75.0%)出现1~2级急性不良反应,只有1例(3.6%)患者出现3级急性不良反应。结论 对于不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者,二程放疗安全有效。     

Effect of exergames on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The main objective was to systematically review the scientific literature about the effects of exergame‐based interventions on musculoskeletal pain, as well as to provide directions for the clinical practice. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases following PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) the subjects were suffering musculoskeletal pain, (b) the study was randomized controlled trial (RCT ), (c) intervention was based on exergames, (d) the article was written in English, and (e) the article was not an abstract or summary presented in a congress or conference. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated using the PED ro Scale and GRADE approach, respectively. A meta‐analysis was carried out to determine effect sizes. Seven studies were selected in the systematic review. The meta‐analysis included those six articles which reported means and SD before and after treatment and used a visual analog scale or a Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Four of the seven articles reported significant reduction in pain while the rest did not found any significant change in pain after the intervention. The overall effect size for pain was −0.51 (95% CI from −1.25 to 0.23) with large heterogeneity. Although four of the seven articles reported significant within‐group differences, zero was included in the CI of the overall effect size. Therefore, up‐to‐date there is not enough evidence to conclude that exergames improve musculoskeletal pain.     

结直肠癌同时肝转移运用快速康复理念同期切除的效果

目的 结直肠癌同时肝转移患者行同期切除围术期采用快速康复理念的临床效果.方法将 2010-01至2016-12北京大学肿瘤医院共76例同期行原发灶切除与肝切除患者随机分为快速康复外科(Enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)组和传统康复组,每组38例,分别实施快速康复理念及常规康复理念.观察两组间首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及再次入院率之间的差异.结果 术后首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间及住院时间,ERAS组分别为(3.12±1.03)d、(5.63±1.37)d、(9.20±1.36)d,传统康复组分别为(4.67±1.57)d、(7.87±1.62)d、(11.36±1.74)d,ERAS组各项天数短于传统康复组,差异有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05);而并发症总发病率、再次入院率,ERAS组分别为4(10.5％)、3(7.9％),传统康复组分别为3(7.9％)、2(5.3％),两组比较无明显增加(P＞0.05).结论 快速康复理念应用于结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期切除围手术期康复具有良好的临床效果,值得推广应用.     

A systematic review of the association between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk

This review evaluated the strength of the evidence for a causal relationship between physical activity (PA) and colorectal cancer (CRC). A systematic review of databases through February 2008 was conducted to identify studies that assessed the association between total or recreational PA and incidence or mortality of CRC (including CRC, rectal cancer, colon cancer, and proximal or distal colon cancer). Studies were evaluated for significant associations between PA and risk of CRC endpoints and for evidence of dose–response relationships in the highest quality studies. Twenty cohort studies were evaluated; 11 were high‐quality. Fifty percent of all studies and 64% of highest quality studies reported at least one significant association between PA and risk of a CRC endpoint (P<0.05). However, only 28% of all analyses (31% of analyses of highest quality studies) were significant (P<0.05). Only 40% of analyses of highest quality studies resulted in a significant P for trend (P<0.05); however, a non‐significant inverse linear association between PA and colon cancer risk was apparent. Heterogeneity in the evidence from all studies and from the highest quality studies was evident. Evidence from cohort studies is not sufficient to claim a convincing relationship exists between PA and CRC risk.