A single center retrospective study: Comparison between centrifugal separation plasma exchange with ACD-A and membrane separation plasma exchange with heparin on acute liver failure and acute on chronic liver failure

The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the efficacy and safety of the centrifugal separation therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) using citrate anticoagulant (cTPEc) with membrane separation TPE using heparin anticoagulant (mTPEh) in liver failure patients. The patients treated by cTPEc were defined as cTPEc group and those treated by mTPEh were defined as mTPEh group, respectively. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Survival analyses of two groups and subgroups classified by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were performed by Kaplan–Meier method and were compared by the log-rank test. In this study, there were 51 patients in cTPEc group and 18 patients in mTPEh group, respectively. The overall 28-day survival rate was 76% (39/51) in cTPEc group and 61% (11/18) in mTPEh group (P > .05). The 90-day survival rate was 69% (35/51) in cTPEc group and 50% (9/18) in mTPEh group (P > .05). MELD score = 30 was the best cut-off value to predict the prognosis of patients with liver failure treated with TPE, in mTPEh group as well as cTPEc group. The median of total calcium/ionized calcium ratio (2.84, range from 2.20 to 3.71) after cTPEc was significantly higher than the ratio (1.97, range from 1.73 to 3.19) before cTPEc (P < .001). However, there was no significant difference between the mean concentrations of total calcium before cTPEc and at 48 h after cTPEc. Our study concludes that there was no statistically significant difference in survival rate and complications between cTPEc and mTPEh groups. The liver failure patients tolerated cTPEc treatment via peripheral vascular access with the prognosis similar to mTPEh. The prognosis in patients with MELD score < 30 was better than in patients with MELD score ≥ 30 in both groups. In this study, the patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) treated with cTPEc tolerated the TPE frequency of every other day without significant clinical adverse event of hypocalcemia with similar outcomes to the mTPEh treatment. For liver failure patients treated with cTPEc, close clinical observation and monitoring ionized calcium are necessary to ensure the patients' safety.     

Successful treatment of drug‐induced acute liver failure with high‐volume plasma exchange

We report two patients with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI)‐related acute liver failure (ALF) who were successfully treated with high‐volume plasma exchange without liver transplantation. The first patient was a 66‐year‐old man admitted because of a perforated duodenal ulcer complicated with peritonitis and septic shock. After treatment with multiple antibiotics, the patient developed DILI and ALF. Grade 3 hepatic encephalopathy and profound jaundice were present. Symptoms and signs of ALF improved dramatically after initiation of plasma exchange. The patient was discharged uneventfully. The second patient was a 94‐year‐old man admitted for treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. DILI and ALF developed 5 days after initiation of anti‐tuberculosis treatment. Grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy was present. After plasma exchange, the patient's level of consciousness improved dramatically, and he recovered from ALF. These 2 cases show the potential of plasma exchange in the treatment of DILI despite occurrence acute liver failure. J. Clin. Apheresis, 28:430–434, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

双重血浆分子吸附联合血浆置换治疗慢加急性肝衰竭的疗效分析

目的 观察双重血浆分子吸附系统（DPMAS）联合血浆置换（PE）治疗慢加急性肝衰竭（ACLF）的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月我科收治并行人工肝治疗的乙型肝炎ACLF患者69例,其中DPMAS联合PE组32例,单纯PE组37例。观察两组治疗前后血清生化指标、凝血指标和血小板（PLT）的变化,观察疗效及不良反应。结果 两组4周总有效率和12周生存率差异无统计学意义。两组治疗后总胆红素（TBil）、白蛋白（ALB）、总胆汁酸（TBA）差异有统计学意义。两组治疗后与治疗前比较,肝功能及凝血功能均明显好转,差异有统计学意义;联合组PLT治疗前后差异有统计学意义。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 DPMAS联合PE治疗ACLF疗效确切,能减少血浆用量,安全性较高。     

Artificial liver support system in treatment of liver failure after acute poisoning

BACKGROUND:

Acute poisoning (AP) may cause failure of the liver and kidney, and even death. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of artificial liver support system (ALSS) on the treatment of liver failure after acute poisoning.

METHODS:

A total of 31 patients with liver failure caused by AP were admitted to emergency ICU, central ICU, and Department of Gastroenterology from 2005 to 2009 in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, China. Among them, 13 patients served as a treatment group, and used ALSS in addition to detoxification treatment and protective treatment of liver function, and the other 18 patients served as a control group receiving detoxification treatment and protective treatment of liver function.

RESULTS:

In the treatment group, 10 patients (76.9%) were cured or improved, 2 died, and 1 was discharged against advice. In the 18 patients in the control group, 7 (38.9%) were cured or improved, 3 died, and 8 were discharged against advice. There was a significant difference in the rates of improvement between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

ALSS is a safe and effective clinical method for the treatment of acute toxic liver failure.KEY WORDS: Toxicity, Liver failure, Artificial liver support system     

配对血浆分离吸附联合血液滤过治疗多器官功能障碍综合征的实验及临床研究

目的探讨配对血浆分离吸附法（CPFA）联合连续性静-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）伴急性肝功能衰竭（ALF）患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法应用CPFA＋CVVH技术对重症加强治疗病房（ICU）中11例MODS伴ALF患者进行38例次治疗，比较患者治疗前后的平均动脉压（MAP）、氧合指数（Pa02／FiO2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-6、IL-8、肝功能、肾功能、全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）评分、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分及临床症状改善程度，同时观察治疗的不良反应，并进行治疗安全性评价。结果患者治疗后尿量较治疗前增多，黄疽减轻，发热、乏力、腹胀、食欲明显改善，精神好转，意识转清。治疗后MAP较治疗前上升了12mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），PaO2／FiO2上升了40mmHg（P均＜0．05）；TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8均较治疗前明显降低（P均＜0．05），血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、血氨、血尿素氮、肌酐均明显下降（P均＜20．05）；SIRS、APACHEⅡ评分均较治疗前有不同程度的下降（P均＜0．05）。11例患者存活5例，存活率为45．5％；未发生出血、休克、过敏等并发症，患者耐受好。结论CPFA联合CVVH能有效清除炎症介质，改善MODS伴ALF患者的预后，且无明显不良反应。     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者人工肝治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚型变化研究

目的探讨慢加急性肝功能衰竭(ACLF)患者应用人工肝治疗后外周血T淋巴细胞亚型变化情况。方法连续性收治38例ACLF患者,其中18例接受人工肝支持治疗(ALSS)治疗的患者为治疗组,20例接受常规药物治疗的患者为对照组。分别于治疗前,治疗后1、2、3、4周检测两组患者肝、肾功能,凝血功能以及外周血T淋巴细胞亚型水平。结果治疗组患者28d生存率为66.6%(12/18),明显高于对照组的40.0%(8/20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞CD4+/CD8+比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在对照组28d存活的8例患者中,可见CD4+T淋巴细胞水平明显上升,而CD8+T淋巴细胞水平下降,CD4+/CD8+比值上升(P0.05)。而在治疗组存活的12例患者中,这种变化更为明显(P0.05)。两组患者天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酐、尿素以及国际化标准比值水平均较治疗前明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论外周血T淋巴细胞亚型水平可以了解ACLF患者免疫功能情况,有助于评价临床疗效和预后情况。     

血浆置换、血液灌流在人工肝支持治疗中的比较

目的：比较血浆置换、血液灌流在人工肝支持治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法：对70例重症肝功能衰竭患者予以血浆置换、血液灌流两种模式的人工肝支持治疗，观察患者临床症状的变化，比较治疗前后电解质、肝肾功能、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间的变化。结果：经过上述两种模式治疗后，患者的临床症状均有不同程度改善，血清总胆红素、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均明显下降（P〈0．01）；血浆置换组治疗结束时凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间均明显下降（P〈0．01）、血清白蛋白明显升高（P〈0．01）。二种模式治疗的不良反应均较轻。结论：两种治疗模式均能有效清除肝功能衰竭或合并肾功能衰竭产生的各种有毒物质。血浆置换治疗能调节水电解质平衡，血浆置换治疗后患者血清白蛋白浓度明显提高，出凝血功能明显改善。     

人工肝血浆置换术治疗肝衰竭的护理

目的探讨人工肝血浆置换术治疗肝衰竭的护理措施。方法对本科2008年1月~2009年11月收治的80例肝衰竭患者分成观察组和对照组,观察组40例在内科支持治疗的基础上行人工肝血浆置换术。对照组40例未行人工肝血浆置换术,观察两种治疗方法平均住院日、好转率。结果行人工肝血浆置换术治疗后临床症状及生化指标均有不同程度的改善,缩短了平均住院日,治愈好转率达到77.5%。结论血浆置换为主的人工肝支持系统是治疗肝衰竭的有效手段。患者的术前准备、术中监测、观察、处理和术后护理是保证治疗成功的重要基础。     

双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换治疗重型乙型肝炎的临床观察

目的 观察双重血浆分子吸附系统联合血浆置换治疗重型乙型肝炎的疗效及安全性.方法 32例重型乙型肝炎患者在内科综合治疗的基础上,根据病情给予双重血浆分子吸附联合血浆置换共治疗40例次,观察治疗前后患者临床症状及肝功能、肾功能、凝血、血常规、电解质、血浆氨、内毒素变化及不良反应,评价其疗效及安全性.结果 治疗后患者的临床症状有不同程度的改善,肝功能明显好转:丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TB)、总胆汁酸(TBA)显著下降,胆碱酯酶(CHE)上升,凝血酶原时间下降,凝血酶原活动度(PTA)升高,血浆氨降低,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),内毒素治疗前后均呈阴性,治疗前后血常规及肾功能、电解质均无明显变化,40例次双重血浆分子吸附联合血浆置换治疗中38例次顺利完成治疗,1例次因管路内凝血提前终止治疗,1例次出现血压下降,经对症处理后继续完成治疗.结论 双重血浆分子吸附联合血浆置换治疗重型乙型肝炎疗效确切,不良反应少,安全性较高.     

High‐volume plasma exchange in a patient with acute liver failure due to non‐exertional heat stroke in a sauna

Heat stroke is a life‐threatening condition characterized by an increased core body temperature (over 40°C) and a systemic inflammatory response, which may lead to a syndrome of multiple organ dysfunction. Heat stroke may be due to either strenuous exercise or non‐exercise‐induced exposure to a high environmental temperature. Current management of heat stroke is mostly supportive, with an emphasis on cooling the core body temperature and preventing the development of multiple organ dysfunction. Prognosis of heat stroke depends on the severity of organ involvement. Here, we report a rare case of non‐exercise‐induced heat stroke in a 73‐year‐old male patient who was suffering from acute liver failure after prolonged exposure in a hot sauna room. We successfully managed this patient by administering high‐volume plasma exchange, and the patient recovered completely after treatment. J. Clin. Apheresis 29:281–283, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

1例双重血浆分子吸附技术治疗儿童肝衰竭的护理

总结1例肝功能衰竭患儿应用双重血浆分子吸附系统(DPMAS)技术的护理经验.护理要点包括:治疗前准备、DPMAS治疗中的观察要点、血管通路的护理、并发症的预防和处理,经过6d的治疗和精心护理,患儿谷丙转氨酶降至160IU/L,总胆红素降至234.4umol/L,白蛋白、球蛋白比例由原来的1.27升至1.55,患儿临床症...     

血浆透析滤过与双重血浆分子吸附系统治疗肝衰竭患者的效果及对肝功能、炎症细胞因子和凝血功能的影响

目的 探讨血浆透析滤过(PDF)与双重血浆分子吸附系统(DPMAS)治疗肝衰竭患者疗效及对肝功能、炎症细胞因子和凝血功能指标的影响.方法 选取2017年5月至2020年5月在山东省立第三医院诊治的100例肝衰竭患者,按照随机数字法分为对照组(50例)和观察组(50例).对照组给予PDF治疗,观察组给予DPMAS治疗,比...     

血浆置换并联或串联血液滤过治疗肝衰竭疗效比较

目的 比较血浆置换(PE)并联或串联血液滤过(HF)治疗慢加亚急性肝衰竭的疗效.方法 将2006年1月-2007年8月住院的77例肝衰竭患者随机分为单纯PE组(39例)以及PE并联或串联HF组(PE+HF组,38例),并与同期住院未行人工肝支持治疗的患者(对照组,41例)进行对照,比较3组患者的存活率和生化指标改善情况.结果 3组患者治疗前生化指标比较差异均无统计学意义.PE组和PE+HF组治疗后血白蛋白(Alb)、胆碱脂酶(ChE)、凝血酶原活性(PTA)均升高,总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)均下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),提示生化指标均改善明显.PE组存活率为48.7%(19/39),PE+HF组为68.4%(26/38),对照组为29.3%(12/41),其中PE+HF组存活率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(X2=12.11,P＜0.01).且PE+HF组治疗后肝性脑病患者意识转清率明显高于PE组(42.8%比0,P＜0.05).PE+HF组内环境紊乱纠正比例(19/23)较PE组(0/21)高(P＜0.05).结论 PE并联或串联HF治疗肝衰竭的疗效优于单用PE治疗.     

血浆置换与胆红素吸附治疗肝衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨血浆置换与胆红素吸附治疗盯衰竭的临床疗效和安全性。方法将25例肝衰竭的患者随机分为两组,吸附组（13例）采用血浆胆红素吸附治疗,置换组（12例）采用血浆置换治疗,血浆置换量（2500±500）m1／次。比较两组治疗前后胆红素、血浆白蛋白、凝血因子X、凝血功能、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素1（inter]eukin-1,IL-1）的浓度变化,临床症状改善情况,同时观察治疗后不良反应及存活率。结果吸附组及置换组治疗后,胆红素、TNF-α和IL-1β均明显降低（均P〈0．01）,吸附组血浆白蛋白、凝血因子X轻度下降,置换组凝血因子X无降低。吸附组无一例发生出血、休克、过敏等严重并发症,置换组1例患者出现过敏性皮疹,1例发热,对症处理后均好转。结论血浆胆红素吸附能有效降低血清胆红素水平,降低炎症因子水平,改善肝衰竭患者预后,与血浆置换比较,血浆胆红素吸附无明显不良反应,不受血浆用量限制,无输血感染风险。     

人工肝支持系统治疗急性肝衰竭动物高颅压的实验研究

目的研究人工肝血浆置换(PE)联合血液滤过(HF)对急性肝衰竭(ALF)动物高颅压的疗效。方法10只中国实验小型猪随机分为治疗组(n=5)与对照组(n=5),采用D-氨基半乳糖(1.2g/kg)静脉注射诱导建立急性肝衰竭动物模型。治疗组分别在给药24h、48h后给予血浆置换联合血液滤过治疗,对照组未给予任何干预治疗。持续监测两组动物颅内压(ICP)变化并观察比较两组动物的肝功能、生化指标及生存时间的差异。结果经过人工肝治疗后,治疗组动物的颅内高压及多项生化指标、炎性细胞因子等较对照组明显改善(P<0.05～P<0.01);与对照组相比,治疗组动物的生存时间明显延长[分别为(125.7±12.6)h和(58.9±11.2)h,t=1.03,P<0.01]。结论血浆置换联合血液滤过的非生物型组合人工肝治疗能清除急性肝衰竭动物体内多种病理成分、改善肝功能、降低颅内高压,并能明显延长急性肝衰竭实验动物生存时间。该方法有望成为帮助急性肝衰竭患者度过危险期,并可作为肝脏移植的有效辅助手段。     

Alternating therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) with double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF)

Alternating therapeutic plasma exchange with double plasma molecular adsorption system can rapidly remove bilirubin and ammonia and supplement the essential substance from the blood, which could be used as an effective treatment for fulminant hepatic failure.     

人工肝支持系统治疗重症肝炎临床研究

目的：探讨人工肝支持系统（ＡＬＳＳ）治疗重症直炎的疗效和血浆置换,血浆吸附,血液灌流治疗重肝的适应证。方法：治疗组６４例,对照组６０例。２组病例内科基础治疗相同,治疗组加用ＡＬＳＳ治疗,其中ＰＥ每次置换４０－６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ异体同一血浆;ＰＰ每次交换１００－１５０ｍｌ／ｋｇ血浆,ＤＨＰ每次交换１７０－２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ全血量,２－７日治疗１次,址现情稳定好转。