螺旋CT诊断钝性肠管和肠系膜损伤的临床价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT对急性钝性大小肠和肠系膜损伤的诊断价值.方法 2004-02-2008-05, 急性腹部钝性损伤螺旋CT扫描300例.CT诊断大小肠或/和肠系膜损伤18例,其中16例剖腹手术.2例临床随访.CT表现与手术探查对照分析.结果 肠管和系膜损伤的CT各种表现的诊断准确率分别为:肠壁增厚63%,肠壁破裂100%,肠系膜血肿71%,肠系膜血管中断100%,系膜束带征56%及气腹或肠壁或系膜间积气50%.结论 综合分析肠和肠系膜损伤的直接和间接CT征象,可以较准确地评估肠和肠系膜损伤的程度及损伤部位.     

多层螺旋CT对肠系膜损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨肠系膜损伤的CT表现特征,旨在提高术前诊断正确率。方法:回顾性分析17例经手术证实的肠系膜损伤患者的多层螺旋CT资料,对病变形态、边界、密度、增强后改变等进行分析。结果:17例肠系膜损伤均可见腹腔积液、损伤肠系膜区脂肪呈薄雾状密度增高,其中对比剂血管外渗出2例,损伤部位肠壁增厚7例,肠系膜血肿12例,其中9例血肿边缘呈尖角状改变。结论:肠系膜损伤的CT表现具有一定特征性:增强扫描对比剂血管外渗出为其直接征象;肠系膜脂肪呈薄雾状密度增高、肠系膜根部及肠曲间团片状高密度影伴尖角状改变具有相对特异性;CT扫描发现腹腔积液、局部肠壁增厚及实质性脏器损伤时应密切观察周围肠系膜改变,以免遗漏肠系膜损伤的可能。密切结合临床外伤史及体征,CT检查可对肠系膜损伤作出正确的术前诊断。     

肠及肠系膜钝挫伤的CT诊断

目的 探讨肠及肠系膜钝挫伤的CT表现.方法 对37例拟诊肠及肠系膜损伤的住院患者行CT扫描,在CT扫描后12 h内手术,并经手术和(或)病理证实肠及肠系膜损伤的部位及程度.术前就与肠及肠系膜损伤相关的5种CT征象双盲软读片.分别计算其诊断的灵敏度,特异度及总正确率.阅片结论与手术病理对照,采用配对四格表,运用Fisher确切概率法χ2检验.结果 本组术前综合运用主要CT征象对肠及肠系膜损伤的正确诊断率达86.5%(32/37).肠及肠系膜损伤的CT表现为肠壁增厚、腹膜腔游离气体影、肠系膜脂肪条索影、肠系膜血肿及肠壁周围积液影,其灵敏度分别为50.0%、16.7%、79.3%、23.1%和75.0%;特异度分别为85.7%、100%、40%,100%和44.4%.CT对肠及肠系膜损伤诊断与病理诊断没有显著性差异(χ2=3.2,P=0.073 6).结论 根据CT征象可在术前对肠及肠系膜钝挫伤做出较为准确的诊断.     

CT诊断肠系膜损伤的价值

目的评价CT诊断肠系膜损伤的价值.材料和方法回顾性分析98例因腹部钝伤进行手术患者的CT图像和临床资料.结果手术证实7例肠系膜损伤.术前CT诊断肠系膜损伤6例.CT表现包括肠系膜内血肿4例、肠壁增厚2例、肠系膜脂肪内渗出6例和对比剂从肠系膜血管漏出2例.结论CT对于肠系膜损伤的检测具有很好的敏感性.     

肠系膜脂膜炎CT诊断

目的 探讨肠系膜脂膜炎的CT特点,提高CT诊断水平.方法分析7例按照CT诊断标准诊断为肠系膜脂膜炎患者的临床资料和CT表现.结果 7例表现为围绕小肠系膜根部边界清楚的脂肪肿块,增强扫描未见强化.病变与腹腔脂肪和腹膜后脂肪分界清楚.7例可见"假包膜"征,5例见"脂肪环"征.2例病灶内可见肿大淋巴结影,2例可见腹膜后淋巴结肿大,4例有腹部手术史, 1例合并胰头癌.结论肠系膜脂膜炎CT表现具有一定特征,CT是诊断肠系膜脂膜炎有效的影像手段.     

CT对腹部钝伤的诊断价值与限度

目的：探讨CT对腹部钝伤的诊断价值与限度。方法：应用CT扫描对42例胳部钝伤患者进行了检查。结果：CT扫描发现肾外伤19例,肝外伤5例,脾外伤19例,肠系膜血肿2例,肠穿孔2例,其中有5例为复合伤。CT扫描能清楚地显示脏器损伤及胳腔出血的程度和范围。结论：CT能迅速、准确地检出腹腔脏器损伤,为临床选择治疗方法提供重要依据。     

CT诊断肠系膜血管栓塞的价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT诊断急性肠系膜血管栓塞的价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析6例肠系膜血管栓塞患者的CT平扫和增强扫描的表现，并与手术病理结果对照评价其诊断价值。结果：手术结果与CT诊断相符5例，其中肠系膜上动脉栓塞2例和肠系膜上静脉栓塞4例。误诊为绞窄性肠梗阻1例。结论：螺旋CT能快速无创伤地诊断急性肠系膜血管栓塞。     

腹部闭合性损伤致肠和肠系膜损伤的CT平扫诊断

目的 探讨CT平扫在腹部损伤中肠道和肠系膜损伤的诊断价值.资料与方法 对115例经手术证实的肠道和肠系膜损伤患者的CT表现进行回顾性分析. 结果主要CT征象:(1)腹腔游离气体:共86例(74.8%).(2)腹腔和肠间隙积液、积血:共74例(64.3%).(3)肠壁水肿、增厚:共71例(61.7%).(4)肠系膜渗出、血肿:共78例(67.8%).结论 CT平扫对腹部闭合性损伤所致肠道和肠系膜损伤有重要诊断价值.     

闭合性肠及系膜损伤的螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨闭合性肠及肠系膜损伤的螺旋CT特点。方法回顾性分析总结17例经手术证实的肠及系膜损伤的CT征象。结果腹腔或肠管间积液、积血16例,腹腔游离气体6例,肠系膜渗出12例,肠系膜血肿10例,肠壁肿胀增厚、血肿12例,肠管扩张并积液11例。CT术前诊断明确16例,1例表现为阴性。结论螺旋CT对闭合性肠及肠系膜损伤的诊断具有重要价值,可作出准确术前诊断。     

CT对肠系膜损伤的评价研究

目的 评价腹部CT对肠系膜损伤的诊断价值。方法 回顾14例经手术证实肠系膜损伤患者临床资料和CT检查结果，分析腹膜腔内游离积液、肠系膜脂肪内渗出、肠系膜血肿、造影剂血管外溢和肠壁增厚强化等CT征象，并结合手术结果确定CT表现对诊断肠系膜损伤的敏感性。结果 所有14例患者的CT图像均显示有腹膜腔游离积液或积血和肠系膜脂肪内渗出，其中12例可见肠系膜内血肿，2例显示有肠壁增厚强化，1例可见造影剂血管外溢，且CT表现与手术结果一致。结论 CT对于肠系膜损伤的诊断具有很好的敏感性，其CT表现有助于判断损伤的部位。     

Bowel and mesenteric injury following blunt abdominal trauma: evaluation with CT

Computed tomography (CT) used in cases of blunt abdominal trauma has been found sensitive in detection of bowel and mesenteric injuries and discrimination of operable from nonoperable candidates. In 51 patients with suspected bowel or mesenteric injury following blunt abdominal trauma, CT correctly depicted bowel hematoma or mesenteric injury in 17 of 19 nonoperable patients (89%) and severe injuries in one patient who died preoperatively. In 26 of 28 patients who underwent therapeutic laparotomy (93%), initial CT enabled identification of surgically confirmed injuries. In two cases, initial scan misinterpretation delayed diagnosis of serious bowel injuries. The correct interpretation was rendered preoperatively and at blind retrospective review. CT findings that correlated with bowel or mesenteric injury requiring surgery were free peritoneal fluid (27 of 28, 96%), mesenteric infiltration (24 of 28, 86%), thick-walled bowel (17 of 28, 61%), associated abdominal injuries (12 of 28, 43%), and free air (nine of 28, 32%). In nonoperable cases, CT scans demonstrated bowel thickening (84%) but less frequently peritoneal fluid (21%), mesenteric infiltration (26%), or associated injuries (5%). In three of four patients who underwent nontherapeutic laparotomy, preoperative CT correctly imaged the limited abdominal injuries.     

CT of bowel and mesenteric trauma in children.

Although most traumatic abdominal injuries in children are treated with conservative nonsurgical management, traumatic perforation or infarction of the gastrointestinal tract still necessitates surgical management. It is imperative to recognize the often subtle computed tomographic (CT) findings of bowel or mesenteric trauma in children. Pediatric patients with bowel perforation or infarction due to trauma usually demonstrate multiple abnormalities at CT. A specific history of lap belt injury, bicycle handlebar injury, or child abuse with an abdominal injury should heighten suspicion for a bowel injury. CT findings in children with bowel or mesenteric trauma include free intraperitoneal air, free retroperitoneal air, extraluminal oral contrast material, free intraperitoneal fluid, bowel wall defect, bowel wall thickening, mesenteric stranding, fluid at the mesenteric root, focal hematoma, active hemorrhage, and mesenteric pseudoaneurysm. Some findings, such as free intraperitoneal air and focal bowel wall thickening, are associated with a strong likelihood of a bowel injury that requires surgical repair. Other findings, such as free intraperitoneal fluid, mesenteric stranding, fluid at the mesenteric root, and focal hematoma, are less specific for an injury that requires surgical repair. The hypoperfusion complex can usually be differentiated from a traumatic bowel injury; however, in some patients the imaging findings overlap.     

Multidetector CT angiography in the evaluation of acute mesenteric ischemia

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of multidetector row CT angiography in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Ninety-three consecutive studies on 91 patients with clinically suspected acute mesenteric ischemia underwent abdominal CT angiography as the first, and usually the sole, diagnostic procedure. CT was performed with a multidetector 16-row CT system from the level of the diaphragm to the pelvis in two phases: early arterial and late portal phase. CT examinations were reviewed by the duty radiologist. Final diagnosis was established by a senior radiologist. CTA was diagnostic in 92 studies. Mesenteric ischemia was diagnosed in 18 patients, 14 of them were of the thromboembolic type and four from the nonocclusive type. Positive CTA findings were confirmed by surgery in 13 patients and by clinical follow-up in three cases. Other reasons for abdominal pain were diagnosed by CT in 38 patients out of the remaining 74. There were two false positive and two false negative CT results, resulting in an overall accuracy of 95.6%. Multidetector CT angiography is a fast and accurate investigation for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia and in most cases can be used as the sole diagnostic procedure.     

Role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of peritoneo-intestinal lesions resulting from closed trauma. Experience at 2 emergency departments

INTRODUCTION: Small and large bowel mesenteric injuries from blunt abdominal trauma are rare and often difficult to diagnose. Computed Tomography used in cases of blunt abdominal trauma has been found sensitive in detection of bowel and mesenteric injuries and discrimination of operable from nonoperable candidates. PURPOSE: A retrospective study of the CT examination of 24 patients, with surgically confirmed bowel and mesenteric injuries, was performed. Our goal was to evaluate the various CT signs of blunt bowel and mesenteric injury and the related frequency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our series includes 24 patients, 16 of them (first group) were investigated with CT at Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, while the remaining 8 (second group) at University of Bari. Patients of the first group, 11 men and 5 women, age ranging from 18 to 77 years, were submitted to a conventional abdominal CT performed after i.v. administration of contrast media. Patients of the second group, 7 men and 1 woman, age ranging from 4 to 81 years, were submitted to helical CT performed with the following parameters: 10 mm slice thickness, 5-mm contiguous intervals from the level of the diaphragm to the pubic bone, pitch 1.5. Helical CT was performed in all cases before and after i.v. administration of contrast material injected at a rate of 3.5 ml/sec. A scanning delay of 40 seconds after the beginning of contrast injection was routinely used. In all patients the following CT signs were retrospectively searched on: peritoneal or retroperitoneal fluid, mesenteric hematoma, hazy streaky changes in mesenteric fat, high-density clot (sentinel clot) adjacent to the involved bowel, pneumoperitoneum, retropneumoperitoneum, extravasation of intravenous contrast material, bowel wall thickening. RESULTS: In the first group the following CT signs were observed: mesenteric hematoma (87.5%), hazy streaky changes in mesenteric fat (56.25%), peritoneal or retroperitoneal fluid (37.5%), sentinel clot (25%), bowel wall thickening (18.75%), extravasation of intravenous contrast material (12.5%). In the second group the following CT signs were observed: peritoneal or retroperitoneal fluid (87.5%), bowel wall thickening (50%), mesenteric hematoma (37.5%), sentinel clot (25%), pneumoperitoneum (12.5%), retropneumoperitoneum (12.5%), hazy streaky changes in mesenteric fat (12.5%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Bowel and mesenteric injuries from blunt trauma are infrequent and difficult to diagnose clinically, as the physical and laboratory findings may be subtle and are often overshadowed by other injuries in patients with multisystem trauma. CT represents a proven modality in the evaluation of bowel and mesenteric injuries: careful inspection and technique are required to detect often subtle findings. In our series of 24 patients with surgically confirmed bowel and mesenteric injuries, the presence of mesenteric hematoma and of peritoneal or retroperitoneal fluid were the more frequent CT signs observed. Radiologists may play a crucial role in the timely diagnosis of these injuries, allowing prompt and appropriate management of these patients.     

肠系膜损伤的MSCT表现

目的 探讨肠系膜损伤的CT表现特征.资料与方法 回顾18例经手术证实肠系膜损伤患者的CT检查结果,采用多窗技术分析其CT征象.结果 18例患者的CT图像均显示有腹膜腔内游离积液/积血及肠系膜脂肪内渗出,其中14例可见肠系膜内血肿,13例可见肠壁增厚及增强后异常强化,7例合并肠管损伤可见肠腔外游离气体,2例可见血管内对比剂外溢.CT表现均与手术结果一致.结论 肠系膜损伤可出现多种CT表现,采用多窗技术分析并正确认识其CT征象有助于避免漏诊和误诊.     

CT平扫对肠及肠系膜损伤诊断价值探讨

目的探讨CT平扫在肠及肠系膜损伤诊断中的实际应用价值。方法回顾分析经手术或临床证实的53例腹部闭合性损伤中肠及肠系膜损伤病例的临床资料及CT平扫表现。结果 CT平扫主要定性诊断征象包括:腹腔积气17例;腹膜后积气1例;腹腔积液积血39例;肠壁增厚31例;肠系膜渗出及血肿17例;肠管扩张4例。37例CT平扫提示损伤部位,其中21例与手术或临床最终诊断结果一致。结论 CT平扫能对腹部闭合性损伤中肠及肠系膜损伤作出准确诊断。