全容积ADC直方图评估乳腺癌淋巴管侵犯的价值

目的探讨表观扩散系数(ADC)直方图对乳腺癌淋巴管侵犯(LVI)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析51例女性乳腺癌病人的常规MRI及扩散加权成像(DWI)资料,根据病理结果将病人分为LVI阳性组[19例,平均年龄(54.89±7.64)岁]和LVI阴性组[32例,平均年龄(53.66±9.12)岁],测量并记录2组乳腺癌的ADC直方图各参数值(最大值、最小值、平均值、中位数、偏度值、峰度值),以独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较2组乳腺癌ADC直方图各参数的差异。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线计算ADC直方图各参数值对乳腺癌LVI的诊断效能。结果 2组乳腺癌病人ADC直方图最大值和峰度值差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);LVI阳性组ADC直方图最小值、平均值、中位数均低于LVI阴性组,且以正偏态分布为主(均P0.05)。ADC直方图各参数值对乳腺癌LVI阳性的诊断效能中最小值的曲线下面积最大(0.817),且敏感度(89.47%)及阴性预测值(92.59%)最高;而偏度值的特异度最高(87.50%)。结论全容积ADC直方图对乳腺癌LVI具有较高的预测价值,ADC最小值与偏度值各具较优的诊断效能。     

磁共振扩散加权成像和ADC值在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）及表观扩散系数（ADC）在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。资料与方法回顾分析经组织病理学证实的前列腺癌49例患者资料,DWI采用单次激发平面回波序列（EPI）。感兴趣区（ROI）包括前列腺癌、前列腺良性增生（BPH）和正常前列腺周围带,并计算相应的ADC值。结果49例前列腺癌患者血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）平均为49.1ng/ml。肿瘤病灶ROI的ADC值在X、Y和Z轴方向分别有41、9和13例获得;前列腺良性增生分别在3个方向为39、11和13例;正常前列腺周围带为31、9和10例。前列腺癌在X、Y和Z轴方向平均ADC值分别为2.282×10^-3mm^2/s、2.293×10^-3mm^2/s和3.017×10^-3mm^2/s;BPH各个方向平均ADC值分别为2.559×10^-3mm^2/s、2.812×10^-3mm^2/s和3.585×10^-3mm^2/s;正常前列腺外周区组织3个方向的平均ADC值分别为2.892×10^-3mm^2/s、3.303×10^-3mm^2/s和4.112×10^-3mm^2/s。前列腺癌在X轴方向的ADC值明显低于相同方向前列腺增生和正常周围带的ADC值（P〈0.005）。结论DWI和ADC值在前列腺癌的诊断中应用方便、易行,ADC值是区别前列腺癌组织和非肿瘤组织的可靠指标。     

DWI和ADC值测量在颅内囊性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:评价DWI与ADC值对颅内囊性病变的鉴别诊断价值以及相关的生物物理学机制.方法:经手术病理证实的脑脓肿20例、囊变坏死性脑肿瘤50例、表皮样囊肿20例和蛛网膜囊肿35例,在术前均接受了常规MRI和DWI检查.结果:脑脓肿在DWI上表现为明显的高信号,ADC值为(0.67±0.178)×10-3mm2/s;脑肿瘤囊变坏死灶在DWI上表现为明显的低信号,ADC值为(2.48±0.156)×10-3mm2/s,脑脓肿ADC值明显低于脑肿瘤囊变坏死灶ADC值(P<0.01).表皮样囊肿在DWI上表现为明显的高信号,ADC值为(1.19±0.157)×10-3mm2/s;蛛网膜囊肿在DWI上表现为明显的低信号,ADC值为(3.01±0.321)×10-3mm2/s,表皮样囊肿ADC值明显低于蛛网膜囊肿ADC值(P<0.01).结论:DWI和ADC值测量可有效鉴别脑脓肿与囊变坏死性脑肿瘤;DWI和ADC值测量能有效鉴别表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿.     

基于高b值DWI的容积ROI直方图鉴别中央腺体前列腺癌与良性前列腺增生的价值

目的：探讨高b值磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)的表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)的容积感兴趣区(volumetric region of interest,vROI)直方图鉴别中央腺体(central gland,CG)前列腺癌(prostatic carcinoma,PCa)与良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)的价值。方法：回顾并分析2017年3月—2021年7月于辽阳辽化医院经前列腺标准b值(b=800 s/mm²)和高b值(b=1 500 s/mm²)DWI扫描且经病理学检查证实的59例PCa患者(62个病灶)和80例BPH患者(80个病灶)。在美国GE公司的AW4.6工作站上对标准b值和高b值的DWI图进行后处理,分别获得ADC₈₀₀和ADC_{1 500}。利用Fire Voxel软件,分别在ADC₈₀₀和ADC     

基于MRI T2WI图像的游程矩阵纹理分析联合ADC值对前列腺癌分化程度的评估

目的探究MRI T2WI图像游程矩阵纹理分析技术联合ADC值在评估前列腺癌分化程度应用中的可行性,以期术前量化评估前列腺癌的分化程度。方法回顾性分析50例经手术病理证实的前列腺癌患者MRI影像资料,并依据Gleason评分将≤6分归为高分化组(25例);将>6分归为低分化组(25例)。对前列腺进行标准化分区,依据病理结果分别选取病变T2WI横断位图像最大层面,采用Mazda纹理分析软件勾画感兴趣区并进行游程矩阵纹理分析,并在DWI图像选取相应感兴趣区测定ADC值,对高、低分化两组前列腺癌进行数据统计分析。建立ROC曲线并计算联合预测因子进行诊断效能比较分析,对纹理参数及ADC值与分化程度之间的相关性进行检测。结果采用游程矩阵提取的5类参数中,水平方向(Horzl-GLNU)、垂直方向(Vertl-GLNU)、45度方向(45dgr-GLNU)、135度方向(135dgr-GLNU)上的灰度不均匀性(GLNU)在高、低分化两组间有显著差异(P值均<0.05)。ADC值在不同分化程度之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。Horzl-GLNU、Vertl-GLNU、45dgr-GLNU、135dgr-GLNU与分化程度呈负相关(r值分别为-0.450、-0.442、-0.470、-0.464,P值均<0.05)。ADC值与分化程度呈正相关(r值为0.423,P值<0.05)。纹理参数中,45dgr-GLNU的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大(0.771),敏感性和特异性分别为56.0%、92.0%。ADC值的AUC值为0.837,敏感性和特异性分别为64.0%、76.0%。联合预测因子AUC值为0.869,敏感性和特异性分别为72.0%、88.0%,诊断效能得到提升。结论基于MRI T2WI图像的游程矩阵纹理分析联合ADC值可提高对术前前列腺癌分化程度的评估效能。     

MR扩散加权成像瘤周水肿区ADC值在脑肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)瘤周水肿区表观扩散系数(ADC)值在脑内肿瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法82例脑肿瘤患者进行常规MRI扫描和DWI检查,对照分析病变的实质部分、周围水肿区的ADC值、相对表观扩散系数(rADC)值、指数表观扩散系数(EADC)值、相对指数表观扩散系数(rEADC)值。结果高级别胶质瘤与低级别胶质瘤、转移瘤、脑膜瘤、淋巴瘤的瘤周水肿ADC值、rADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高级别胶质瘤与低级别胶质瘤瘤周水肿的EADC值、rEADC值差异有统计学意义。结论瘤周水肿区ADC值有助于高级别胶质瘤与其他脑内肿瘤鉴别,也可有助于胶质瘤分级。     

全肝ADC直方图及T2WI肝脏信号强度指标在大鼠肝纤维化分期中的价值

目的 探讨全肝表观扩散系数(ADC)直方图参数和磁共振T2WI肝脏信号强度指标(SII)在大鼠肝纤维化分期中的应用价值.方法 将44只大鼠分为四氯化碳诱导2 ～12周的肝纤维化组(n=37)和对照组(n=7).利用专用软件(FireVoxel)对全肝ADC值进行直方图分析,计算ADC值的最小值、最大值、均值、中位数、众...     

全容积ADC直方图鉴别Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜息肉的价值

【摘要】目的：探讨基于病灶全容积表观扩散系数（ADC）直方图分析在鉴别Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜息肉中的价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的62例子宫内膜病变患者的影像资料,其中Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌32例,子宫内膜息肉30例。所有患者术前行常规MRI平扫、动态增强及DWI检查。在病灶的每一层ADC图像上勾画ROI,得到整个病灶（VOI）的直方图参数,包括平均值、第1、10、50、90和99百分位数（percentile,Perc.）、方差、偏度和峰度,并选择病灶实性成分最大的3个层面测量ADC值,取平均值得到常规ADC值。比较两组病变的直方图参数值和常规ADC值,并应用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价各项参数的鉴别诊断效能。结果：Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌组的平均值、Perc.1、Perc.10、Perc.50、Perc.90、Perc.99和常规ADC值均低于子宫内膜息肉组,而偏度和峰度高于子宫内膜息肉组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Perc.1鉴别Ⅰa期子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜息肉的效能最高,AUC为0.959,以0.75×10-3mm2/s为截断值时,敏感度及特异度分别为100%和85.71%。Perc.1与Perc.90、Perc.99、常规ADC值的AUC的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：全容积ADC直方图分析能够有效鉴别Ia期子宫内膜癌与子宫内膜息肉,其中以第1百分位数ADC值的诊断效能最佳。     

Targeted biopsy based on ADC map in the detection and localization of prostate cancer: A feasibility study

Purpose:

To investigate the feasibility of targeted biopsy based on an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in the detection and localization of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 288 consecutive patients with high or increasing serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels who underwent prostatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination with an ADC map. Four core‐targeted biopsies of low ADC lesions were performed under transrectal‐ultrasound guidance with reference to ADC map. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of low ADC lesions were calculated and compared for the peripheral zone (PZ), transition zone (TZ), and anterior portion, respectively. Comparisons of ADC values and sizes between malignant and nonmalignant lesions were also performed.

Results:

A total of 313 low ADC lesions were detected in 195 patients and sampled by targeted biopsies. The PPVs were 55.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50–61) in total, 61.0% (95% CI: 53–69) for PZ, 50.6% (95% CI: 43–58) for TZ, and 90.9% (95% CI: 81–100) for the anterior portion. The most common nonmalignant pathology of low ADC lesions was hyperplasia, followed by chronic prostatitis. There were significant differences in ADC values and sizes between malignant and nonmalignant low ADC lesions.

Conclusion:

Targeted biopsies could be capable of detecting cancers well wherever they may be in the prostate, although the PPVs varied depending on the location of low ADC lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1168–1177. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Diffusion‐weighted imaging of prostate cancer: Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient values and tumor proliferation

Purpose

To investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of prostate cancer (PCa) are able to reflect tumor proliferation.

Materials and Methods

The clinical and pathological information for 38 patients with PCa and 33 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. Examination of the patients was performed using a 1.5 T superconducting magnetic scanner equipped with a pelvic phased‐array multicoil. Diffusion‐weighted images (DWIs) were acquired using an echo‐planar imaging sequence. The ADC values of PCa, BPH, and peripheral zone (PZ) were calculated. The cellularity of PCa was recorded based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected using an immunohistochemical technique.

Results

The ADC values of PCa, BPH, and PZ were 49.32 ± 12.68 × 10^?5 mm²/s, 86.73 ± 26.75 × 10^?5 mm²/s, and 126.25 ± 27.21 × 10^?5 mm²/s, respectively. The ADC values of PCa were lower than those of BPH and PZ (P < 0.05). The cellularity and PCNA labeling index (LI) of PCa were higher than those of BPH (P < 0.05). The ADC values of PCa were negatively correlated with those of cellularity and PCNA LI (r = ?0.646 and ?0.446, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The ADC values of PCa can reveal the differences in proliferative activity between PCa and BPH. These values are therefore able to predict the proliferative rate of variously differentiated prostate cancers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1360–1366. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

     

Detection and localization of prostate cancer with the targeted biopsy strategy based on ADC map: a prospective large-scale cohort study

Purpose:

To investigate the usefulness of targeted biopsy strategy based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the detection and localization of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Institutional review board approval and informed consent from all participants were obtained. This study included 1448 consecutive patients suspected of having prostate cancer based on PSA level, who were divided into two groups: Group A included 890 patients with low‐ADC lesions who underwent targeted and systematic biopsies; Group B included 558 patients with no low‐ADC lesions who underwent only systematic biopsies. The cancer detection rates (CDR) of each group, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ADC maps were calculated.

Results:

The CDR was 70.1% for Group A, higher than those for overall patients (48.1%) and for Group B (13.1%) with significant difference (P < 0.001). In the serum, PSA range from 4 to 20 ng/mL, the CDR was higher for the Group A than for the Group B and overall patients with significant differences. PPV and NPV of MR findings were 70.1% and 86.9%, respectively. Especially, the PPV of the MR findings for the anterior portion was as high as 90.1%. Among the false negatives of MR findings, Gleason score proved 6 or smaller in 79.5%, and positive core number was merely one or two in 80.8%.

Conclusion:

The targeted biopsy strategy based on ADC maps can be useful in the detection and localization of prostate cancer with high PPV. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1414–1421. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Endorectal diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer to differentiate malignant and benign peripheral zone tissue

PURPOSE: To determine if the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can discriminate benign from malignant peripheral zone (PZ) tissue in patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer that have undergone endorectal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with prostate cancer underwent endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to DWI. A two-dimensional grid was placed over the axial images, and each voxel was graded by a 4-point rating scale to discriminate nonmalignant from malignant PZ tissue based on MR images alone. ADC was then determined for each voxel and plotted for nonmalignant and malignant voxels for the entire patient set. Second, with the radiologist aware of biopsy locations, any previously assigned voxel grade that was inconsistent with biopsy data was regrouped and ADCs were replotted. RESULTS: For the entire patient set, without and with knowledge of the biopsy data, the mean ADCs for nonmalignant and malignant tissue were 1.61 +/- 0.27 and 1.34 +/- 0.38 x 10(-3) mm2/second (P = 0.002) and 1.61 +/- 0.26 and 1.27 +/- 0.37 x 10(-3) mm2/second (P = 0.0005), respectively. CONCLUSION: DWI of the prostate is possible with an endorectal coil. The mean ADC for malignant PZ tissue is less than nonmalignant tissue, although there is overlap in individual values.     

ADC value and diffusion tensor imaging of prostate cancer: changes in carbon-ion radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To assess the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and diffusion tensor image (DTI) including fractional anisotropy (FA) of the noncancerous prostate and prostate cancer before and after carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. One patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy and one healthy volunteer were also examined as references. The changes in ADC values and DTI of the entire prostate calculated from b-values of 0 and 700 (s/mm(2)) were estimated between before and after CIRT. RESULTS: ADC values of prostate cancer significantly increased after CIRT by paired t-test (P < 0.01) but those of noncancerous inner gland (IG) and peripheral zone (PZ) showed no significant change. By analysis of variance, significant differences in ADC values were observed among prostate cancer and noncancerous IG and PZ before CIRT (P < 0.05). After CIRT, those significant differences had disappeared. FAs showed no significant differences in any comparisons. DTI showed changes in the direction of the main axis of the tensor in prostate cancer after CIRT. CONCLUSION: There were changes in ADC and DTI in prostate cancer after CIRT. They may be useful for monitoring prostatic structural changes under radiotherapy.     

直肠管状腺癌磁共振扩散加权成像 ADC 值与肿瘤分化程度的关系

目的：探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)与直肠管状腺癌病理分化程度的相关性。方法回顾性分析在本院术前行 MRI 检查且手术病理证实的38例直肠管状腺癌患者的 DWI 影像特点,其中高分化9例、中分化15例、低分化14例。在 b 值为0 s/mm2和1000 s/mm2条件下计算 ADC 值并分析其与肿瘤分化程度的相关性。结果高分化组平均 ADC值(0.92±0.05)×10-3 mm2/s;中分化组平均 ADC 值(0.79±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s;低分化组平均 ADC 值(0.71±0.06)×10-3 mm2/s。不同分化程度的直肠管状腺癌各组别 ADC 值有明显差异(P <0.05);ADC 值与肿瘤分化恶性程度呈负相关,相关系数为-0.704,P <0.01。结论DWI 及 ADC 值的测量可成为一种判断直肠管状腺癌分化恶性程度的重要检查手段。     

1.5T MR超高b值DWI对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨1.5T MR 超高b值扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断价值.方法 收集分析行常规MRI和DWI(b值为400、800、1 400 s/mm2)扫描,并经临床病理证实的PCa 12例,前列腺增生(BPH)17例,分别测量各b值DWI上感兴趣区(ROI)的信号强度,对ROI的可视化程度进行分级,比较其间是否存在差异.结果 超高b值与高b值DWI PCa病灶的信号强度差异有统计学意义(χ2=220.957,P=0.000<0.05);b值越高,DWI上PCa癌灶亮度对比越高,可视化程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.378,P=0.003<0.05).超高b值DWI上PCa癌灶与BPH和正常外周带信号强度有统计学意义(χ2=25.913,P=0.000<0.05),超高b值DWI PCa病灶亮度主要是亮和灰亮(占71.4%),BPH和正常外周带的亮度以暗和灰暗为主(BPH组占63.0%,正常外周带组占73.3%);可视化程度差异都有统计学意义(Z=-6.908、-6.110,P值均为0.000<0.017).b=1 400 s/mm2的DWI信号强度和可视化程度诊断效能最高.结论 1.5T MR超高b值DWI能提高PCa癌灶的显示率,易于观察和诊断.     

直肠癌磁共振扩散加权成像 ADC 值与 Ki-67表达水平的相关性

目的：探讨直肠癌磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及表观扩散系数(ADC)值与 Ki-67表达水平的相关性。方法回顾性分析47例经手术病理证实的直肠癌患者的资料,术前行盆腔 MRI、直肠 DWI 及增强检查,按 Ki-67指数差异,将其分为 A~D 4组：A组 Ki-67<10%(-),B 组 Ki-6710%~25%(+),C 组 Ki-6726%~50%(++),D 组 Ki-67>50%(+++)。分别计算各组肿瘤的ADC 值并分析与 Ki-67表达水平的相关性。结果A 组(13例)肿瘤的平均 ADC 值为(1.280±0.200)×10-3 mm2/s;B 组(14例)平均 ADC 值为(1.044±0.046)×10-3 mm2/s;C 组(9例)平均 ADC 值为(0.987±0.256)×10-3 mm2/s;D 组(11例)平均 ADC 值(0.851±0.099)×10-3 mm2/s;Ki-67表达水平不同的直肠癌各组间平均 ADC 值差异明显(P =0.001);ADC 值与 Ki-67表达水平呈中等负相关(r=-0.577,P=0.000)。结论DWI 检查及 ADC 值测量在一定程度上可间接评估直肠肿瘤细胞增殖情况及预后。