急性胰腺炎患者横结肠系膜腹膜下间隙受累与CT严重指数的相关性研究

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)累及横结肠系膜腹膜下间隙(SPST)与其CT严重指数(CTSI)的相关性。方法:回顾性分析58例符合Balthazar CT分级标准C级及以上的累及SPST的AP的MSCT资料。分别观察记录:AP患者的CTSI;横结肠系膜密度增高和增厚情况,SPST积液情况及其范围等。结果:①58例中,CTSI 4～5分者20例,6～7分者23例,8～10分者15例。SPST受累的CT表现为间隙内密度增高、条索影、积液、系膜增厚、系膜血管边缘模糊等;其中,SPST积液者21例。②AP患者的CTSI不同,SPST的纵向受累范围差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:AP时SPST受累情况与其CTSI具有一定的相关性。     

急性坏死性胰腺炎的CT征象及其临床意义

目的:研究急性坏死性胰腺炎的CT 表现和临床意义。材料和方法:回顾了早期(48 小时内) 经CT 检查并经多次CT 随访的坏死性胰腺炎,临床和血尿淀粉酶均符合的50 例患者,平扫及团注法增强扫描,观察胰腺密度、体积、包膜改变,积液范围及程度,特别注意了脾出血和脾血管受侵的危重征象。结果:急性坏死性胰腺炎早期CT 图像均能做出明确诊断。多部位胰腺坏死及胰周积液超过2 个部位以上是产生并发症和临床预后较差的指征。结论:在坏死性胰腺炎诊断中CT 是最直观和显示受侵部位最清晰的影像手段,早期CT 扫描,适时CT 随访是估价临床预后有力依据之一,脾血管受侵是引起死亡的重要并发症。     

CT及临床分级法对急性胰腺炎预后的再评估

目的研究CT及临床分级法对急性胰腺炎(AP)病情严重性及预后的评估价值及两者的相关性.方法AP患者65例,将住院时间、发热时间、局部及全身并发症作为评价AP病情严重性及预后的临床指标.对CT和临床分级法各组临床指标的差异显著性、两类分级法间的相关性及对全体并发症的预见能力进行统计学分析.结果全体并发症组的三组之间PSI、Ranson、APACHEⅡ平均记分有显著性差异.各分级法除CT平扫分级法外,有局部并发症组的平均记分明显高于无局部并发症组;重症组并发症的平均记分明显高于轻症组.Ranson重症组的住院时间、发热时间也明显长于轻症组.PSI、Ranson记分与发热时间线性相关,Ranson记分与住院时间线性相关.各CT分级法中只有PSI与Ranson记分线性相关.ROC分析示Ranson的曲线下面积(Az)最大,两类分级法结合后的Az较Ranson无提高.结论Ranson及PSI在病情严重性及预后的评估中应用价值最大.临床分级法对全身并发症的预见能力较优,CT分级法对局部并发症的预见能力较优.CT与临床分级法结合后不能提高对全体并发症的预见能力.CT平扫表现与临床比较有滞后性.应用CT检查特别是短期随访有重要价值.     

急性胰腺炎伴发胸腔积液的MDCT表现及解剖基础

目的：研究急性胰腺炎（AP）向纵隔扩散并致胸腔积液（PE）的 CT 表现、解剖通道,以及与急性胰腺炎 CT 严重指数（CTSI）和急性生理慢性健康评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）的相关性。方法：回顾分析119例因 AP 入院并行 CT 检查患者。观察 PE 发生率、胰周积液向纵隔扩散的解剖途径并评分分级;AP 的严重程度用 CTSI 及 APACHEⅡ评分分级并统计分析 PE 分级与 CTSI 及 APACHEⅡ评分相关性。结果：119例74．78％患者并发不同程度 PE。胰周积液向纵隔扩散时食管裂孔受累25．21％,主动脉裂孔5．04％,下腔静脉裂孔2．52％。PE 评分与 CTSI 正相关（r＝0．449,P ＜0．01）,与APACHE Ⅱ评分无相关性（r＝0．197,P ＜0．05）。结论：AP 伴发 PE 较常见,胰周积液通过膈肌裂孔向胸腔扩散。PE 也可以做为评价 AP 严重程度的辅助指标。     

急性胰腺炎的CT表现及其临床价值的探讨

目的:分析急性胰腺炎的CT表现,探讨其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析100例急性胰腺炎的CT表现,重点观察胰腺的受累情况,胰周及腹膜后间隙,特别是肾前筋膜的受累情况。结果:100例患者CT表现胰腺肿胀,胰周边界不清,结构不完整,实质内点状、小片状低密度区,胰管扩张,肾前筋膜受侵,尤其是左侧肾前筋膜。结论:CT检查对胰腺炎的诊断具有很高的准确性,通过急性胰腺炎的CT严重程度指数(CTSI)的评判,对临床的治疗及预后可提供真实而客观依据及有重要意义。     

急性胰腺炎累及肾旁后间隙与其临床严重程度及CT严重指数的相关性研究

目的探讨肾旁后间隙(PPS)的受累与急性胰腺炎(AP)严重程度及CT严重指数(CTSI)的相关性,明确PPS受累判断AP严重程度的价值。方法回顾分析87例AP病例螺旋CT表现,记录CTSI评分、PPS受累的分级评分、AP严重程度及评分。结果PPSCT表现形态及纵向范围分级评分与AP严重程度评分、CTSI均呈正相关(r≥0.54,P<0.05),PPS的CT形态分级评分与纵向范围分级评分呈强正相关(r=92,P<0.05)。若以PPS受累作为判断重症AP的阳性数,则其敏感度为60.3%(38/63),特异度为87.5%(21/24),阳性预测值为92.7%(38/41),阴性预测值为45.7%(21/46),准确度为67.8%(59/87)。结论肾旁后间隙受累能一定程度反映急性胰腺炎的严重程度,其判断急性重症胰腺炎的特异度高、敏感度低,可作为1种初步排除急性轻症胰腺炎的简单可靠的方法。     

急性胰腺炎累及横结肠系膜的MDCT表现及其解剖学基础

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎累及横结肠系膜的多层螺旋CT表现.方法:回顾性分析68例符合Balthazar CT分级标准C级及以上标准的急性胰腺炎的多层螺旋CT资料,分别观察记录:Balthazar的CT分级;横结肠系膜密度增高情况;横结肠系膜积液情况;横结肠系膜增厚情况;肠系膜上动、静脉边缘显示情况;横结肠系膜血管边缘显示情况等.结果:68例中,Balthazar C级9例,D级20例,E级39例.横结肠系膜受累共51例,其中,横结肠系膜脂肪密度增高51例;横结肠系膜积液17例,横结肠水平段扩张积气、积液12例;横结肠系膜增厚者30例;横结肠系膜血管边缘模糊不清者42例.按照急性胰腺炎Balthazar CT分级,C、D和E级AP病例横结肠系膜积液与横结肠系膜血管边缘模糊的发生率与其CT分级有关(P<0.05),而横结肠系膜增厚的发生率与其CT分级无相关性(P>0.05).结论:多层螺旋CT可良好显示急性胰腺炎累及横结肠系膜的情况.     

急性胰腺炎并发症的CT研究及其解剖基础分析

目的：研究急性胰腺炎并发症的CT表现，并分析其解剖基础。材料和方法收集经临床证实的120例急性胰腺炎病例的CT资料，观察其并发症的CT表现，分析其解剖基础。结果：CT显示并发症为腹膜后和腹腔积液，肝、肿、肾、胃、肺等脏器损害及亚腹膜间隙受累。结论：急性胰腺炎并发症主要为多间隙积液及箩脏器受累。积液的分布与腹腔、腹膜后间隙的解剖结构及其相互通连情况密切相关，亚腹膜间隙是病变扩散的重要途径。     

急性胰腺炎CTSI评分与肝／脾CT 值比的相关性分析

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis ,AP）的CTSI评分与肝/脾CT值比（ liver to spleen CT attenuation value ratio ,L/S ）的相关性。方法对87例AP患者进行腹部CT扫描,测量肝脏、脾脏CT值并计算L/S。根据CTSI分级标准由两名放射科医师盲法阅片将A P分为轻度、中度、重度组。分析A P评分分级与L/S之间的关系。结果87例A P患者L/S降低发生率为55％;轻、中、重度A P患者L/S降低发生率分别为23％、53％、88％;轻度、中度、重度A P患者L/S平均值分别为1．07±0．13、0．95±0．20、0．69±0．26。AP的CTSI评分与L/S呈负相关（r ＝-0．451,P ＝0.00）。结论肝/脾CT值比可以反映AP的严重程度,随着AP严重程度的增加,肝损伤的发生率也在增加。     

急性胰腺炎腹膜后间隙受累的CT表现与临床严重程度的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)腹膜后间隙受累的CT表现与临床严重程度的相关性.资料与方法 回顾性分析76例AP患者的临床和影像学资料,按照亚特兰大AP临床分类标准及AP腹膜后间隙扩散CT表现范围分级评分.分析腹膜后间隙扩散CT表现范围分级评分与临床严重程度分级评分的相关性.结果 76例中,肾旁前间隙、肾周间隙及肾旁后间隙受累发生率分别是49%(37/76)、25%(19/76)及26%(20/76).轻症AP 26例,其中肾旁前间隙受累19例,肾周间隙受累6例,肾旁后间隙受累1例;重症AP 50例,其中肾旁前间隙受累18例,肾周间隙受累13例,肾旁后间隙受累19例.腹膜后间隙扩散CT表现范围分级评分与临床严重程度呈显著正相关(r=0.547,P=0.000).结论 AP腹膜后间隙扩散CT表现范围分级评分与临床严重程度密切相关,影像学检查能够为AP的严重程度及预后提供重要的信息.     

Gastric bare area and left adrenal gland involvement on abdominal computed tomography and their prognostic value in acute pancreatitis

To demonstrate the CT manifestations of gastric bare area involvement (GBAI) and left adrenal gland involvement (LAGI) in acute pancreatitis (AP) and evaluate their prognostic value. From January 2003 to December 2006, CT examinations of 116 patients with AP were retrospectively reviewed. There were 34 (29.3%) patients with GBAI showing haziness and streaky density or fluid collection in the gastric bare area, and 18 (15.5%) with LAGI showing deformity and hypoattenuation of left adrenal gland. The mean duration of hospital stay in patients with GBAI and LAGI was longer than that of patients without (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of GBAI for predicting complications were 43.3% (0.31, 0.55) and 89.8% (0.81, 0.98), respectively; and 83.3% (0.36, 1.00) and 73.6% (0.65, 0.82) for predicting mortality. A patient with GBAI was 6.7 (2.4, 19.1) and 14.0 (1.6, 124.6) times more likely to have complications and die than was a patient without. The sensitivity and specificity of LAGI for predicting complications were 23.9% (0.14, 0.34) and 95.9% (0.86, 0.99), respectively, and 66.7% (0.22, 0.96) and 87.3% (0.81, 0.94) for predicting mortality. A patient with LAGI was 7.4 (1.6, 33.8) and 13.7 (2.3, 81.9) times more likely to have complications and die than was a patient without. Our results showed that GBAI and LAGI were characteristic CT findings in AP and could serve as useful prognostic indicators for this disease.     

Colonic involvement in non-necrotizing acute pancreatitis: correlation of CT findings with the clinical course of affected patients

The purpose of this study was to describe CT findings of colonic involvement in acute non-necrotizing pancreatitis and to analyze the correlation between colonic wall thickening at CT and the clinical course of these patients. The CT examinations of 19 consecutive patients with acute non-necrotizing pancreatitis who were not treated with antibiotics initially were analyzed retrospectively. The severity of acute pancreatitis was categorized according to the CT severity index (CTSI) and the presence of colonic wall thickening at the initial CT was compared with the clinical course of all patients. Seven of 11 patients with a CTSI of 4 showed a colonic wall thickening, whereas the remaining patients with a CTSI of 4 (n=4), CTSI of 3 (n=5), and CTSI of 2 (n=3) showed no colonic abnormalities at CT. Patients with colonic wall thickening presented more often with fever, showed higher levels of infectious parameters, needed more often antibiotic therapy, and had more requests for additional CT examinations and CT-guided fluid aspirations as well as a longer duration of hospital stay as compared with patients without colonic wall involvement, even if the latter presented with the same CTSI initially. It is well known that translocation of the colonic flora may significantly influence the clinical course of patients with acute pancreatitis, and our results indicate that patients with acute pancreatitis who present with colonic wall thickening at CT have an increased risk for a complicated clinical course regarding systemic infection. Electronic Publication     

Splenic and perisplenic involvement in acute pancreatitis: determination of prevalence and morphologic helical CT features

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence and morphologic helical CT features of splenic and perisplenic involvement in patients with acute pancreatic inflammatory disease in correlation with the severity of the pancreatitis. METHOD: One hundred fifty-nine contrast-enhanced helical CT scans of 100 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were reviewed retrospectively and independently by three observers. CT scans were scored using the CT severity index (CTSI): Pancreatitis was graded as mild (0-2 points), moderate (3-6 points), and severe (7-10 points). Interobserver agreement for both the CTSI and the presence of splenic and perisplenic involvement was calculated (K statistic). Correlation between the prevalence of complications and the degree of pancreatitis was estimated using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The severity of pancreatitis was graded as mild (n = 59 scans), moderate (n = 82 scans), and severe (n = 18 scans). Splenic and perisplenic abnormalities detected included perisplenic inflammatory fluid collections (95 scans, 58 patients), narrowing of the splenic vein (35 scans, 25 patients), splenic vein thrombosis (31 scans, 19 patients), splenic infarction (10 scans, 7 patients), and subcapsular hemorrhage (2 scans, 2 patients). No cases of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm formation, intrasplenic venous thrombosis, intrasplenic pseudocysts, or abscesses were detected. The interobserver agreement range for scoring the degree of pancreatitis and the overall presence of abnormalities was 75.5-79.2 and 71.7-100%, respectively. A statistically significant difference between the presence of abnormalities and the severity of pancreatitis was observed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Splenic vein thrombosis (19%) and splenic infarction (7%) are relatively common CT findings in association with acute pancreatitis. The CTSI proves to be accurate in predicting these complications as there is a statistically significant correlation between the prevalence of these complications and the severity of pancreatitis.     

急性胰腺炎严重指数对临床预后的评估价值

目的：综合ＣＴ影像提出急性胰腺炎严重指数（ＡＰＳＩ）的评估方法并测定其敏感性,提高ＣＴ影像对急性胰腺炎预后评估的准确率。材料与方法：Ｑ发 胰腺炎患者６５例,以住院时间及禁食时间为应变量（Ｙ）、胰腺肿大、胰周和／或腹腔内渗出液及胰腺坏死情况作为自变量（Ｘ）,用多元线性回归分析法对ＡＰＳＩ、ＣＴ严重（ＣＴＳＩ）及简化急症生理（ＳＡＰ）计分法进行比较。并分析此三者对并发症发生率和死亡率的预评价值。结果：     

Value of CT and clinical criteria in assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis

OBJECTIVE: To re-assess the value of CT and clinical criteria as prognostic and severity indicators in acute pancreatitis and the correlation between them. METHODS: Sixty-five cases with acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in the study. The hospitalization days, fevering days and overall complications were regarded as clinical endpoints for the patient group. CT criteria used for AP evaluation included Balthazar's plain CT scan score, CT severity index (CTSI) and London's pancreatic size index (PSI) score. Clinical criteria was Ranson score. The correlations between each criterion and the clinical endpoints, and the relation between CT and clinical criteria were analyzed. The power of each criterion and combination of CT and clinical criteria in predicting overall complications of AP were assessed and compared by using a receiver operative characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: The mean scores of PSI, Ranson among the three groups classified according to overall complications were significantly different. Except Balthazar's plain CT scan criterion, each criterion's mean score in-groups with local complications was significantly higher than that in-group without. The overall complications were significantly more in severe group than that in mild group classified according to each criterion except plain CT scan criterion. Mean days of hospital stay and fevering were significantly longer in severe group with Ranson score than that in mild group. PSI and Ranson score had a linear correlation with fevering days, and Ranson score had a linear correlation with hospitalization days. In CT criteria, only PSI had a linear correlation with Ranson score. The findings of plain CT scan was found to be some laggard compared with that of clinic. ROC analysis showed the largest A(Z) of Ranson score, and there was no A(Z) increase when CT criteria were added to clinical criteria. CONCLUSION: The predictive values of Ranson and PSI score in AP patients are superior to that of other criteria. CT criteria are superior to clinical criterion in predicting local complications, and short-term CT follow-up examination is important in the evaluation of AP.     

急性胰腺炎合并肝脏低密度改变的CT诊断

目的：通过对急性胰腺炎合并的肝脏低密度改变的CT表现进行分析,探讨其变化规律及可能的发生机理。方法：回顾分析资料完整的62例急性胰腺炎患者的肝脏CT表现,采用16层螺旋CT机,重建层厚为5mm。结果：62例患者中,42例CT显示肝脏低密度改变,占67.74%（42/62）;在2～20天复查CT,有61.90%（26/42）病例随病情的好转而减轻,其中45.24%（19/42）病例完全恢复为正常肝实质密度,CT值高于脾脏。最早恢复时间为发病后第5天即恢复正常。38.09%（16/42）病例无恢复。结论：多层螺旋CT特别是16层螺旋CT在清楚显示急性胰腺炎胰腺本身及其周围变化的同时亦可对继发性的肝脏低密度改变及其转归做出确切的评判,为急性胰腺炎的早期诊断增添了新的依据;结合文献认为急性胰腺炎的肝脏低密度改变主要是急性脂肪肝的形成造成的。     

急性胰腺炎致脾与脾周受累螺旋CT表现与临床的相关性

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)对脾和脾周受累的螺旋CT(Spiral CT,SCT)表现以及这些并发症与重症胰腺炎的临床相关性方法收集我院AP病人205例,观察AP对脾周积液、脾梗死、脾包膜下积液和脾血管受累SCT表现结果(1)脾周积液145例,其中重症AP65例;脾梗死7例,脾包膜下积液6例,脾静脉狭窄或受压23例,脾静脉栓塞4例;(2)无脾内假性囊肿或脓肿以及脾动脉瘤形成结论(1)重症AP常累及脾和脾周结构产生并发症,这些并发症与重症AP之间有临床相关性(P<0.05);(2)SCT可作为脾和脾周并发症的随访检查手段     

Single-portal-phase low-tube-voltage dual-energy CT for short-term follow-up of acute pancreatitis: evaluation of CT severity index,interobserver agreement and radiation dose

Objectives

To intra-individually compare single-portal-phase low-tube-voltage (100-kVp) computed tomography (CT) with 120-kVp images for short-term follow-up assessment of CT severity index (CTSI) of acute pancreatitis, interobserver agreement and radiation dose.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 66 patients with acute pancreatitis who underwent initial dual-contrast-phase CT (unenhanced, arterial, portal phase) at admission and short-term (mean interval 11.4 days) follow-up dual-contrast-phase dual-energy CT. The 100-kVp and linearly blended images representing 120-kVp acquisition follow-up CT images were independently evaluated by three radiologists using a modified CTSI assessing pancreatic inflammation, necrosis and extrapancreatic complications. Scores were compared with paired t test and interobserver agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Mean CTSI scores on unenhanced, portal- and dual-contrast-phase images were 4.9, 6.1 and 6.2 (120 kVp) and 5.0, 6.0 and 6.1 (100 kVp), respectively. Contrast-enhanced series showed a higher CTSI compared to unenhanced images (P?P?>?0.7). CTSI scores were comparable for 100-kVp and 120-kVp images (P?>?0.05). Interobserver agreement was substantial for all evaluated series and subcategories (ICC 0.67–0.93). DLP of single-portal-phase 100-kVp images was reduced by 41 % compared to 120-kVp images (363.8 versus 615.9 mGy cm).

Conclusions

Low-tube-voltage single-phase 100-kVp CT provides sufficient information for follow-up evaluation of acute pancreatitis and significantly reduces radiation exposure.

Key Points

? Single-portal-phase CT provides sufficient evaluation for follow-up of acute pancreatitis. ? Follow-up CT does not benefit from unenhanced or arterial-phase acquisition. ? CT severity index scores are equal for dual-contrast-phase 100-/120-kVp acquisition (P?>?0.05). ? 100-kVp single-portal-phase follow-up CT of acute pancreatitis significantly reduces radiation exposure.