促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂在防治早发型中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征的应用

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(GnRH-A)在防治体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕过程中并发早发型中、重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的效果,旨在寻找防治早发型中重度OHSS的有效措施。方法回顾性队列研究分析本院生殖中心接受IVF-ET助孕治疗具有OHSS高风险而取消新鲜周期胚胎移植行全部胚胎冷冻的患者共138例。其中hCG注射日血清雌二醇(E2)≥4 000 ng/L且6 000 ng/L和/或获卵数≥15个为对照组,在取卵当日给予来曲唑5 mg,口服,qd;溴隐亭2.5 mg,直肠给药,qd,共76例;血清E2≥6 000 ng/L为试验组,在取卵当日给予以上治疗措施的同时另给予思则凯0.25 mg单次皮下注射,共62例。两组患者均在取卵后第3日及第5日复查血清E2水平、血常规及阴道B超,比较两组患者在使用两种治疗措施前后的变化,计算两组患者中、重度OHSS的发生率。结果两组患者中均无重度OHSS发生。试验组中度OHSS发生率(3.23%)低于对照组(7.90%)(P=0.243)。使用GnRH-A后E2水平下降快、卵巢恢复快(P=0.00)。试验组白细胞、红细胞、红细胞压积、血小板水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 OHSS高风险患者取卵日单次给予GnRH-A不受促排卵方案的影响,可显著降低早发型中重度OHSS的发生率,减轻了患者的症状及经济负担,可作为防治早发型中重度OHSS的有效措施。     

静脉钙剂在卵巢过度刺激综合征高危患者中的临床应用

目的:探索静脉钙剂在卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)高危患者中的应用效果,及其对辅助生殖技术早期妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2012年12月至2013年1月间于河北医科大学第二医院生殖中心进行助孕的67例OHSS高危患者为研究对象。研究对象于取卵后随机分为钙剂组(n=34)和对照组(n=33)。钙剂组于取卵后当日、取卵后第1日及第2日,连续3日静脉滴注10 ml10%葡萄糖酸钙溶液、200 ml 0.9%氯化钠液。对照组患者在相同时间予静脉输注200 ml 0.9%氯化钠液,不采取任何预防措施。结果:钙剂组与对照组患者的平均年龄、体重指数(BMI)、不孕年限、基础FSH水平等基本临床资料差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但钙剂组的获卵数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。钙剂组取卵后第3日的腹水深度显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(38.41±15.42 mm vs 48.55±19.95 mm,P=0.023)。两组临床妊娠率等早期临床结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:取卵后静脉应用钙剂可有效减少OHSS高危患者腹水的形成,改善患者的临床症状,且未发现静脉注射钙剂对辅助生殖技术早期妊娠结局的不良影响,为临床上预防OHSS提供了更为简单有效的方法。     

安宫黄体酮和来曲唑联合Gn超促排卵在卵巢储备减退患者IVF/ICSI-FET中应用效果的比较

目的:比较安宫黄体酮(MPA)联合促性腺激素(Gn)超促排卵与来曲唑微刺激促排卵在卵巢储备功能减退(DOR)患者体外受精及冻融胚胎移植(FET)中的应用效果。方法:回顾分析730周期拟行体外受精助孕的DOR的不孕症患者的临床资料,380周期行MPA联合Gn促排卵(MPA组),350周期行来曲唑联合Gn促排卵(来曲唑组)。观察两组的周期取消率、Gn天数、Gn剂量、性激素水平、获卵数、可利用胚胎数、优胚率和FET妊娠率、种植率、流产率和活产率。结果:MPA组患者的Gn使用时间、Gn使用总量、优胚率均显著高于来曲唑组(P0.05),而HCG日LH水平、HCG日P水平、可用胚胎数显著低于来曲唑组(P0.05)。两组的获卵数、成熟卵数、受精卵数、卵裂数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。MPA组患者的FET种植率和临床妊娠率均显著高于来曲唑组(P0.05)。两组患者的流产率、异位妊娠率和活产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与来曲唑联合Gn促排卵比较,MPA联合Gn促排卵对于DOR患者可有效抑制早发LH峰,减少提前排卵发生,能获得可观的临床妊娠率,值得临床应用推广。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精中促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂方案安全性分析

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者应用促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(GnRH-A)方案的可行性、安全性及预防中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的方法。方法回顾性病例对照研究使用GnRH-A方案PCOS患者的304个取卵周期的临床资料。取卵后评估有无OHSS高风险,无OHSS风险者纳入A组,有OHSS高风险者纳入B组。比较患者的基本特征、促性腺激素(Gn)启动剂量及使用总量、Gn使用时间、获卵数、优质胚胎率、妊娠率、OHSS发生率等。结果 PCOS患者的年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、平均不孕年限组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)的情况下,OHSS高风险与基础高黄体生成素(LH)、高LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)、高睾酮(T)水平有关,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均=0.000)。A组进行新鲜移植共197个周期,临床妊娠率为58.89%(106/197)。B组行全部胚胎冷冻93个周期,首次冻融胚胎移植的临床妊娠率为81.81%(72/88)。分析可见,卵巢的反应性与启动日血清LH/FSH比值有相关性,LH/FSH比值越高,其促排卵的反应性就越好。总体中重度OHSS发生率为6.91%(21/304),A组的中重度OHSS发生主要是迟发型,与妊娠及多胎妊娠相关,B组的中重度OHSS发生主要是早发型。结论 GnRH-A方案应用于PCOS患者,可以通过减少启动剂量,新鲜周期移植前评估OHSS风险;如有OHSS风险者全部胚胎冷冻,期待冻融周期移植,可获得安全有效的结局。     

拮抗剂方案在卵巢高反应人群中的应用

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(Gn RH-A)方案在卵巢高反应患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年6月—2016年9月期间在本院生殖中心行体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射(IVF/ICSI)的卵巢高反应患者共1 916个周期,分成两大组:A组为采取Gn RH-A方案的共480个周期;B组为采取黄体中期促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(Gn RH-a)长方案的共1 436个周期。再按获卵数进行分组,获卵数15个时为A1、B1组,获卵数≥15个时为A2、B2组。分别比较患者的一般情况和助孕结局。结果 (1)A组平均Gn启动剂量、h CG注射日平均雌二醇(E2)值、获卵数、种植率、临床妊娠率、早期流产率及活产率与B组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组Gn用量[(1 561.89±695.38)IU]及使用时间[(10.8±2.6)d]均少于B组[(1 949.33±795.72)IU,(12.4±2.4)d],A组中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率(10.0%)低于B组(14.42%),差异均有统计学意义(P分别为0.00、0.00、0.01)。(2)A1组的平均Gn启动剂量[(134.18±44.08)IU]、Gn用量[(1 499.99±633.93)IU]及使用时间[(10.6±2.9)d]、获卵数(9.8±3.2)均少于B1组[(148.45±82.98)IU,(2 091.19±991.81)IU],(12.6±2.8)d,10.4±2.9],中重度OHSS发生率(2.81%)低于B1组(7.08%),差异均有统计学意义(P分别为0.03、0.00、0.00、0.02、0.04);A1组胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率及活产率与B1组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A2组Gn用量[(1 598.62±727.94)IU]及使用时间[(10.9±2.5)d]均少于B2组[(1 886.82±683.2)IU,(12.4±2.1)d],差异均有统计学意义(P均为0.00);中重度OHSS发生率、临床妊娠率及活产率低于B2组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Gn RH-A方案能减少卵巢高反应患者的Gn用量及使用时间,控制卵巢高反应人群的获卵数,并获得较好的临床妊娠,同时降低OHSS发生率,可作为有发生中重度OHSS风险患者的首选促排卵方案。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射周期中拮抗剂和全程克罗米芬方案的妊娠结局比较

目的比较对多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者进行体外受精/单精子卵胞质内注射(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,IVF/ICSI)辅助生殖技术助孕时,使用拮抗剂或全程克罗米芬(CC)的温和刺激方案促排卵的妊娠结局及风险。方法回顾性队列分析2014年1月—2015年12月期间接受IVF/ICSI助孕的PCOS患者,符合纳入标准的共361个取卵周期,其中拮抗剂方案224个周期,全程CC方案137个周期。比较使用2种不同卵巢刺激方案每取卵周期的累积活产率(cumulative live birth rate,CLBR)、获卵数、促性腺激素(Gn)用量及刺激时间、受精率、优质胚胎率和卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生率。结果拮抗剂方案的CLBR为75.4%,高于全程CC方案的64.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.022)。全程CC方案组的促性腺激素使用总剂量[1 140.5±474.8)IU]及刺激时间[(9.4±1.8)d]显著少于拮抗剂方案组[(1 380.7±498.1)IU,(10.1±2.3)d](P=0.000,P=0.002),h CG注射日内膜厚度[(8.5±2.2)mm]低于拮抗剂方案组[(10.0±1.9)mm](P=0.000)。两组的获卵数和受精率无显著性差异(P0.05),但拮抗剂方案的优质胚胎率[78.4%(1 285/1 639)]高于全程CC方案[71.6%(643/898)](P=0.000)。拮抗剂方案的中重度OHSS的发生率为8.9%,高于全程CC方案组的5.1%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PCOS患者进行IVF/ICSI助孕使用不同的温和刺激方案时,拮抗剂方案的CLBR和优质胚胎率较全程CC方案更高,但是全程CC方案的药物用量更低,OHSS的风险降低。全程CC方案在高反应人群中的应用价值,还需要更大样本的前瞻性随机对照研究来得出结论。     

不同剂量来曲唑预防早发型卵巢过度刺激综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)高危患者在取卵后应用不同剂量来曲唑(LE)预防早发型OHSS发生的效果。方法:88例患者随机分为4组,A~C组为LE组,取卵即日起每日添加LE,LE剂量分别为A组(n=21)2.5 mg/d,B组(n=23)5.0 mg/d,C组(n=20)7.5 mg/d,D组为对照组(n=24)。测患者黄体期内分泌、血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平及中重度OHSS发生率。结果:h CG注射后第5日始血清E_2水平随时间变化呈降低趋势,随着LE剂量增加,E_2水平降低速度明显加快,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清LH水平在注射h CG后第8日、第10日随着LE剂量的增加而逐渐上升,P水平却逐渐降低,组间差异显著(P0.05)。血清VEGF水平从h CG注射后5日始,D组呈上升趋势,而其它三组呈下降趋势,随着LE剂量的增加,血中VEGF水平越低,各组之间两两比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.001)。C组中重度OHSS发生率低于D组。结论:不同剂量的LE均能一定程度降低血清E_2及VEGF水平,当剂量增至7.5 mg/d时,OHSS发生率最低。     

醋酸加尼瑞克拮抗剂方案在多囊卵巢综合征患者体外受精-胚胎移植中的应用

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕中更适合多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的治疗方案。方法回顾2012—2017年期间行IVF-ET助孕新鲜周期移植的PCOS患者,比较应用长方案(n=130)和拮抗剂方案(n=133)PCOS患者的临床资料和妊娠相关指标。结果患者年龄、不孕年限、体质量指数(BMI)值、取卵周期数和移植胚胎数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),垂体促性腺激素(Gn)总用量及Gn使用总时间,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),长方案组Gn总用量[(2 208.65±575.56)IU]较拮抗剂方案组多[(2 089.10±312.42)IU],Gn使用总时间长[(11.1±1.6)d,(10.6±1.5)d];长方案组患者的获卵数[14(2)]、扳机日血雌激素[(3 831.73±501.22)ng/L]大于拮抗剂组[13(1),(3 133.83±410.01)ng/L],并且较拮抗剂方案组有较高的卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率(3.8%,0.0%),且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);扳机日子宫内膜厚度、扳机日血孕激素、可移植胚胎比率、生化妊娠率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论拮抗剂方案因无前期降调节过程,使药物注射时间缩短,患者经济负担减轻,依从性增加,且有较低OHSS发生率,更适合PCOS患者。     

初步探讨针刺治疗对卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的影响

目的:探讨针刺治疗在体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)治疗过程中对卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生所产生的影响。方法:将进行IVF/ICSI-ET治疗的304例不孕症患者随机分为针刺治疗组(研究组)和对照组。采用黄体期促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)长方案进行控制性超促排卵,研究组患者从控制性超促排卵第1日开始接受针刺治疗,直至胚胎移植日(取卵日不进行针刺治疗),对照组不作针刺治疗,其余同研究组。观察比较研究组和对照组促性腺激素(Gn)用量、血清雌二醇(E2)水平、OHSS发生率、获卵数、临床妊娠率和流产率等。结果:①研究组OHSS的发生率低于对照组(2.03%vs 7.33%,P<0.05);②研究组胚胎移植日血清E2水平低于对照组(P<0.05);③研究组临床妊娠率和流产率与对照组相比均无统计学差异(52.90%vs 50.74%,P>0.05;10.96%vs 10.14%,P>0.05).结论:针刺辅助治疗对降低IVF-ET治疗过程中OHSS的发生起到一定的作用。     

小剂量Gn启动在超长方案患者行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治疗中的应用

目的:探讨正常卵巢反应不孕患者行体外受精/卵胞质内单精子显微注射-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer,IVF/ICSI-ET)助孕治疗中早卵泡期超长方案时采用小剂量促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)启动对临床结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析行早卵泡期超长方案患者1 393例,其中小剂量Gn启动组(A组,Gn 75~149 U)858例,正常剂量Gn启动组(B组,Gn 150~225 U)535例。分析不同Gn启动剂量患者的临床结局。结果:A组Gn使用时间长,Gn使用总量低,获卵数少,h CG注射日E2水平低、LH水平高,双原核(2PN)受精率、优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。早期流产率、全部胚胎冷冻率及中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)发生率组间无明显统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:在早卵泡期超长方案中使用小剂量Gn启动超促排卵可获得更佳的临床结局,值得推广。     

A novel approach for patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: elective transfer of a single zona-free blastocyst on day 5

In this preliminary prospective randomized study of 420 patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 17 patients (4%) developed moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Re-evaluation for OHSS on day 4 and 6 after oocyte retrieval identified one patient with continuous risk for severe OHSS, resulting in cancellation of the transfer (1/17, 5.8%). Prospectively, two of three patients had the zona pellucida of the blastocyst removed by pronase exposure prior to transfer. Significantly more patients became pregnant when a zona-free blastocyst was transferred in comparison to transfer of a single zona-intact embryo (9/11 or 82% versus 1/5 or 20%; P < 0.01). Higher ongoing singleton pregnancy rates were obtained when the zona pellucida was removed prior to the transfer (6/11 and 1/5 respectively). This preliminary prospective randomized study indicates that by prolonging the evaluation time for patients at risk of developing OHSS for up to 6 days after the oocyte retrieval, those patients at risk for developing severe OHSS can be identified. Transferring a single zona-free day 5 embryo (blastocyst) and freezing of the supernumerary embryos offers the patient with moderate OHSS an optimal chance for a singleton pregnancy, while avoiding the serious maternal complications of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.     

Cabergoline administration prevents development of moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and it contributes to reduction in ovarian volume

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the prophylactic effects of cabergoline on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) after oocyte retrieval.MethodsA total of 187 women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation using gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol or flexible GnRH antagonist protocol for in vitro fertilization. They responded excessively to ovulation induction, and fresh embryo transfers were canceled. Sixty‐one patients in the intervention group were administered oral cabergoline (0.5 mg) three times after oocyte retrieval (day 0, 2, and 4 following the oocyte retrieval). Ultrasonography and blood examination were performed on the seventh day following oocyte retrieval. The main outcomes measured were the incidence of OHSS, estimated ovarian volumes, ascites, hematocrits, and white blood cell counts.ResultsThe incidence of moderate to severe OHSS was lower after cabergoline administration (9.8 vs. 23.0 %, p = 0.03). The ovarian volumes reduced after intervention (96.2 vs. 145.5 cm³, p = 0.008). The reduction was evident in the patients with agonist long protocol (92.1 vs. 167.5 cm³, p = 0.0005). No significant differences were observed for other factors.ConclusionsCabergoline has a favorable effect on the prevention of moderate to severe OHSS affiliated with ovarian volume reduction.     

Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome associated with long-acting GnRH agonist in oncofertility patients

PurposeTo report three cases of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) among oncofertility patients receiving a long-acting GnRH agonist for ovarian suppression after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with a GnRH antagonist protocolMethodsChart abstraction was completed for three patients at a single academic medical center. Patients included were undergoing fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic chemotherapy. All patients underwent COH with GnRH antagonist protocol and embryo cryopreservation immediately followed by ovarian suppression with long-acting GnRH agonist. Main outcome measure was development of OHSS.ResultsDespite using GnRH agonist trigger and freezing all embryos, patients developed ascites, intermittent hyponatremia and hemoconcentration consistent with severe early-onset OHSS after receiving long-acting GnRH agonist immediately following oocyte retrieval for ovarian preservation.ConclusionsRisk of severe OHSS may be increased when a long-acting GnRH agonist is used for ovarian suppression immediately following oocyte retrieval. A delay in initiating long-acting GnRH agonist after oocyte retrieval in patients at high risk for developing OHSS should be considered.     

贺斯与白蛋白对预防重度卵巢过度刺激综合征的对比性研究

目的探讨贺斯与白蛋白在预防重度卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）中的作用。方法应用前瞻性随机研究将OHSS高危患者分为3组，Ⅰ组47例，Ⅱ组46例，于取卵后分别静点白蛋白20g、贺斯1000ml作为预防性治疗组，Ⅲ组57例未予任何治疗作为对照组，监测用药前后卵巢大小变化与腹水深度，观察各组治疗后的可移植人数、移植胚胎数、妊娠人数及发生重度OHSS的患者人数。结果3组患者移植人数、移植胚胎数、妊娠人数、重度OHSS发生人数差异均无显著性（P〉0.05），其中重度OHSS发病率在对照组最高；贺斯组的移植日与hCG日卵巢大小差值较其他两组为低，差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论预防性应用贺斯与白蛋白并不能避免重度OHSS的发生，但对降低OHSS的发病率有一定作用。     

Serum leptin concentrations in patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in serum leptin concentration in the conception cycle of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study of 66 IVF-ET cycles between May 2000 and June 2002. SETTING: Infertility outpatient clinic at a Japanese medical school. PATIENT(S): Infertile patients undergoing IVF-ET cycles at the infertility outpatient clinic were divided into three groups consisting of group 1 (conception-cycle patients with severe OHSS, n = 9), and group 2 (conception cycle, non-OHSS, n = 28), and group 3 (nonconception cycle, non-OHSS, n = 29). INTERVENTION(S): Blood samples were collected at five different periods. Period I, on the first day of ovarian stimulation with FSH; period II, at hCG administration before oocyte retrieval; period III, 7 days after oocyte retrieval; period IV, 14 days after oocyte retrieval; and period V, 21 days after oocyte retrieval. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum leptin concentration. RESULT(S): The serum leptin concentration was low in the OHSS group compared with that of the non-OHSS groups in all serum samples, with significant levels at periods III (vs. groups 2 and 3; P<.05) and IV (vs. group 3; P<.01). A twofold increase of leptin concentration from period I to period II (P<.05) was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION(S): The change pattern in serum leptin concentration might provide a great contribution to the pathophysiology development of OHSS patients during assisted reproductive treatment.     

Absence of luteal phase defect and spontaneous pregnancy in IVF patients despite GnRH-agonist trigger and “freeze all policy” without luteal phase support: a report of four cases

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is commonly used for final oocyte maturation in “in vitro fertilization” (IVF)-treatment cycles, however, the main important risk is development of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS can almost be avoided by using gonadotrophin-releasing-hormone agonist for final oocyte maturation in an antagonist protocol. However, primarily this approach lead to a very poor reproductive outcome, despite the use of a standard luteal phase support. The reason seems to be severe luteolysis. Obviously, luteolysis post-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-agonist (post-GnRH-a) trigger is individual specific, and not all patients will develop a complete luteolysis, as expected previously. Luteolysis can been reverted by the administration of hCG. Unprotected intercourse around the time of ovulation induction and oocyte retrieval can lead to a spontaneous conception in IVF treatment and, endogenous hCG, produced by the trophoblast, will rescue the corpora lutea. Therefore, one should not rely on complete luteolysis after GnRH-a triggering and, especially patients for egg donation and pre-implantation-genetic diagnosis for single gene disorder, have to be counselled to avoid unprotected intercourse.     

Cabergoline reduces the early onset of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a prospective randomized study

Prophylactic use of cabergoline has been associated with a decrease in the severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A prospective randomized study was designed to evaluate the potential of cabergoline to decrease the incidence of OHSS in high-risk patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment; 166 patients with oestradiol concentrations over 4000 pg/ml on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration were evaluated. They all received 20 g routine preventive intravenous human albumin on the day of oocyte retrieval. They were then randomized into two groups: group A (n = 83) received 0.5 mg oral cabergoline per day for 3 weeks beginning on the day after oocyte retrieval, and group B (n = 83) received no medication. ‘Early’ OHSS was defined as being when the onset of the syndrome was initiated during the first 9 days after HCG administration, and ‘late’ OHSS was defined as being when the onset of the syndrome was initiated from 10 days after HCG administration. In group A, no patients progressed to ‘early’ OHSS and nine patients (10.8%) developed ‘late’ OHSS; in group B, 12 patients (15.0%) progressed to ‘early’ OHSS and three (3.8%) to ‘late’ OHSS. Although the risk of ‘early’ OHSS decreased significantly (P < 0.001), the risk of ‘late’ onset OHSS did not. The two groups presented no changes in pregnancy, implantation or miscarriages rates.     

Combined approach as an effective method in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined approach on the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in high risk patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF. The combined approach consisted of: (1) step-down administration of gonadotropins; (2) lowering the dose of human chorionic gonadotropin; (3) intravenous albumin infusion at the time of oocyte retrieval and (4) progesterone use for luteal support. Total of 87 high risk patients with a serum estradiol level >11,010 pmol/l or 3000 pg/ml on HCG day were managed by this combined approach and their results were compared with 274 low risk patients. In all high risk patients, the gonadotrophin dose were decreased starting as early as on day 4 of ovarian stimulation as necessary, ovulation was triggered by a decreased HCG dose of 5000-7000 IU according to the level of estradiol, intravenous infusion of 20% human albumin, 50-100ml were given just 1h before the oocyte retrieval and luteal support was provided either by 50mg progesterone in oil, IM or 600 mg micronized progesterone orally or vaginally until the day of beta-HCG determination. All patients were followed by serial ultrasonographic examinations and complete blood count analysis after embryo transfer to detect the early signs of OHSS and to allow early intervention. Age and duration of infertility were similar in both groups. Although the number of gonadotrophin ampoules used (22.7 +/- 4.7 versus 27.8+/-3.7; P<0.05) was significantly lower, estradiol levels (16,764 +/- 6936 pmol/l versus 8870 +/- 2456 pmol/l; P<0.05) and mean number of oocytes (18.3 +/- 5.9 versus 10.6+/-5.4; P<0.05) were significantly higher in study group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the mean number of transferred embryos (3.2 +/- 1.1 versus 3.4+/-1.1) and rate of pregnancies (50.5% versus 40.1%). There was only one moderate and no severe OHSS case in the high risk group, while five moderate and one severe OHSS cases developed in the control group consisting of low risk patients. In conclusion, intravenous albumin combined with low dose HCG, early step-down administration of gonadotropins and progesterone use for luteal support, so called combined approach, proved to be effective in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in documented high risk patients.     

卵巢过度刺激综合征51例临床分析

目的 :通过 5 1例卵巢过度刺激综合征 (OHSS)病例分析 ,总结其发生诱因及监护治疗的体会。方法 :回顾分析本院发生的 5 1例中、重度OHSS病例资料。结果 :OHSS大多发生在应用促排卵药物后 3～ 13天 ,多囊卵巢综合征、年轻体瘦及应用HCG诱发排卵为发生OHSS的高危因素。经住院监护及扩容、利尿、腹腔穿刺引流等治疗 ,效果满意。结论 :在促排卵药物的应用过程中 ,应注意预防OHSS的发生。对于中、重度OHSS患者应严密监护治疗     

Vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 in serum and follicular fluid of patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of VEGF, IL-6 and IL-2, in serum and follicular fluid, in patients developing severe OHSS. STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled 101 women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Eight patients developing severe OHSS were compared with 43 high risk patients and 50 controls. We analyzed VEGF and IL-6 in serum collected before hCG administration, and in both serum and follicular fluid on the day of oocyte retrieval. RESULTS: OHSS patients presented follicular fluid IL-6 levels higher than both the patients at risk and controls (P<0.05). On the day of the oocyte retrieval the patients developing OHSS showed serum and follicular VEGF values higher than the ones of the patients at risk (P<0.05). Serum and follicular fluid IL-2 levels showed no differences between the examined groups. IL-2, IL-6 and VEGF values were not correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis and inflammation processes are both present in severe OHSS.