颌骨内神经鞘瘤:1例报告及文献复习

神经鞘瘤是来源于神经鞘膜的肿瘤,多见于软组织,骨内神经鞘瘤并不常见。本文报告1例以下颌骨肿大为主要表现的骨内神经鞘瘤,通过该患者的临床表现、影像学检查、术中所见、病理诊断和术后随访情况。结合相关文献将该病的病因、临床表现、影像学表现、组织病理学特点、治疗方法及预后进行系统性的分析和总结,旨在为临床早期诊断、早期治疗该病时提供参考。     

腮腺淋巴上皮癌22例临床分析

目的探讨腮腺淋巴上皮癌的诊断方法、治疗方式及预后情况,为临床提供参考。方法 2012年至2019年期间收治的腮腺淋巴上皮癌病例22例,对患者的临床表现、影像学检查、治疗方式及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果 22例患者中,男性8例,女性14例;年龄26~61岁,主诉病程3天~18年,单侧腮腺区多发肿块1例,其余21例均为腮腺区单侧单发肿块。所有患者均行术前螺旋CT检查,CT所示腮腺组织内软组织肿块影,其内密度影欠均匀,CT值26~81 HU,15例表现为类圆形,界限尚清晰;7例表现为结节状,界限稍不清晰或部分不清晰。所有病例诊断最终依据病理学检查,HE染色图像可见肿瘤细胞边界清楚,上皮细胞生长活跃伴有异型性,可见核分裂像,肿瘤间质可见丰富的淋巴细胞浸润。22例患者均接受手术治疗,其中9例患者未行颈淋巴清扫。20例患者术后接受辅助放疗,其中10例同时行辅助化疗;1例患者术后仅行化疗,1例患者术后未行其他任何辅助治疗。所有病例均得到回访,21例无瘤生存13个月~8年,1例患者术后16个月因肝转移死亡。结论腮腺淋巴上皮癌是临床上较为罕见的恶性肿瘤,病理仍是诊断腮腺淋巴上皮癌的金标准。根治性手术切除肿瘤是首选治疗方法,根据临床检查及影像学检查及颈部情况进行选择性颈淋巴清扫,术后辅助放化疗可获得较好的治疗效果。     

下颌骨骨内神经鞘瘤:1例报告及文献复习

神经鞘瘤是来源于神经髓鞘的良性肿瘤,多见于头颈部软组织.骨内神经鞘瘤较为罕见,但以下颌骨相对常见.本文报告1例首发表现为下颌下肿块的下颌骨多发性骨内神经鞘瘤,详细描述其临床特征、影像学表现、手术所见、病理结果以及术后随访情况,并回顾国内外文献将其好发因素、临床表现、影像学表现、组织病理学表现以及治疗情况和预后作了系统性总结和分析.大多数骨内神经鞘瘤临床表现一般为进行性无症状性下颌骨膨胀,也可表现为颌面畸形,牙移位或拥挤.     

咽旁颞下区肿瘤的诊断和手术治疗体会

目的:探讨位于颞下窝、咽旁间隙肿瘤的临床表现及诊断方法 ,分析颈侧入路及耳屏前入路的手术疗效,总结治疗心得体会。方法:回顾分析2010—2014年间,15例颞下窝、咽旁间隙肿瘤患者临床资料,包括影像学、组织学检查,分别采用单纯颈侧入路、颈侧入路+下颌骨劈开外旋术或耳屏前切口入路方式切除肿瘤。结果:15例患者均完整切除肿瘤,术后随访1~5年,13例良性肿瘤均无复发,2例恶性肿瘤患者无瘤生存3~5年。结论:术前行增强CT和MRI可明确颞下窝、咽旁肿瘤占位及大小,对手术方案的制定有一定帮助,但不应完全依照影像学检查结果实施手术。利用颈侧软组织可让性,能有效切除咽旁间隙体积较小的肿瘤。对于位置较高且粘连较重的良性肿瘤及侵袭性较强的恶性肿瘤,可考虑采用"颈侧入路+下颌骨劈开外旋术"或"耳屏前切口入路+颧弓切断术"切除。     

��Դ����������Դ��������Ӱ��ѧ���

牙源性囊肿与牙源性肿瘤是口腔颌面部较为常见的疾病。由于临床表现的多样性,易与其他类型的颌面部囊肿或肿瘤相混淆,而且不同类型的牙源性囊肿和肿瘤其治疗方案也有所区别,所以牙源性囊肿及肿瘤的术前诊断对于其治疗方案的选择起着关键的作用,而在其诊治的过程中,影像学检查起到了非常重要的作用;不同类型的牙源性囊肿及肿瘤的影像学表现也各具特征。本文对常见的牙源性囊肿(牙源性角化囊肿等)及肿瘤(成釉细胞瘤、恶性成釉细胞瘤等)的影像学表现结合实际的影像学图片作简单的介绍,比较各种影像学检查在上述疾病诊断中所具有的优点,以期望能将CT、MRI及全景片等影像学检查手段更好的运用于上述疾病的诊治中。     

Stafne骨腔的临床和影像学研究进展

Stafne骨腔(SBC)是一种罕见的下颌骨骨质的凹陷缺损,常发生在下颌骨后份,在临床上极易被误诊为颌骨囊肿或肿瘤而进行不必要的手术治疗.本文通过回顾国内外研究,对SBC的病因、临床表现、影像学特点进行综述,总结其典型的影像学表现,介绍其影像表现的多样性,为临床准确诊断提供指导.     

头颈部滑膜肉瘤13例临床分析

目的 分析和总结头颈部滑膜肉瘤的组织来源、临床表现和病理特点.方法 回顾分析我院1993～2015收治的13例头颈部滑膜肉瘤的临床表现、影像学表现和病理特点,总结其临床特点并对其误诊原因进行分析.结果 本组患者中2例病理活检得到明确诊断.其余病例分别误诊为纤维肉瘤2例,恶性外周神经鞘瘤1例,血管肉瘤l例,下颌骨骨髓炎1例,下咽癌腮腺转移1例,颈部囊肿1例.12例行手术治疗,其中4例术后联合放疗,3例联合化疗.术后易复发,随访4个月～2年,共5例复发(其中3例死亡,2例仍生存),1例死于肿瘤肺转移,1例死于咽部鳞癌,失访3例,未复发3例.结论 头颈部滑膜肉瘤是一种恶性程度较高,易发生复发及远处转移,预后较差的软组织恶性肿瘤,临床上易误诊,应加强对其临床特点和分子遗传学检测的认识,提高早期诊断和治疗效果.     

8例颌骨尤文肉瘤的临床及影像学特征分析

目的 探讨颌骨尤文肉瘤的临床表现及CT影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月—2022年6月经病理证实的8例颌骨尤文肉瘤的临床表现及CT影像学特征。结果 8例颌骨尤文肉瘤病例的发病平均年龄为29.4岁，男女比例为7∶1，发病部位下颌骨后部多见（75%），早期多数有下唇麻木及淋巴结肿大表现。下颌骨尤文肉瘤影像学表现为颌骨内混杂低密度骨质破坏伴软组织肿块形成，纤维索条状及毛刷状瘤骨为其特征型影像学表现。上颌骨尤文肉瘤主要变现为溶蚀状骨质破坏，伴软组织肿块形成。骨膜成骨少见。结论 颌骨尤文肉瘤具有一定的临床及影像学特征，这有助于其影像诊断。     

复发性成釉细胞瘤的临床、影像学回顾性分析研究

目的：探讨复发性成釉细胞瘤（Recurrent ameloblastoma,RAB）的临床及影像学表现,为其诊断及治疗提供依据。方法：回顾我院1991～2008年收治的具有完整病例资料的35例RAB病例,进行Gardner分型和初次手术治疗方式的统计学分析;对23例颌骨内RAB的Gardner分型和X线分型进行分析统计;对21例行颌面部CT检查病例的影像学表现进行分析总结。结果：Gardner分型中实质型RAB最多共24例（68.6%）,软组织内RAB有12例（34.3%）;颌骨内RAB最多的X线分型多房伴蜂窝型共8例（22.9%）,CT影像可以清晰的显示成釉细胞瘤的边界、密度、形状、范围及对周围组织的累及情况。结论：成釉细胞瘤的生物学行为及术式是术后复发的主要原因;RAB易出现软组织复发及表现为多囊伴蜂窝型的X线分型;CT对RAB尤其是软组织复发成釉细胞瘤有很好的诊断价值。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质修复骨引导再生术后软组织缺损的临床观察

目的：观察异种脱细胞真皮基质在骨引导再生术中充当屏障膜并直接修复术后软组织不足的临床效果及对引导骨再生的影响。方法：选择在中山大学附属口腔医院种植科要求种植修复治疗,但因种植区牙槽嵴萎缩,宽度不足而需先行骨引导再生术的患者7例（其中女性5例,男性2例,平均34岁）,术中用脱细胞真皮基质覆盖骨引导再生区域,并直接修补创面软组织不足,临床观察脱细胞真皮基质愈合情况。通过影像学和临床检查评价新生的引导再生骨。结果：术后2周可见创面生物膜有部分降解,骨移植材料表面有薄层胶原基质覆盖;术后3周,创面开始有少量牙龈上皮覆盖;术后4周,牙龈上皮覆盖全部创面,与周围牙龈融合。术后1年,牙种植手术中见再生骨质量好,缺牙区牙槽嵴宽度明显增宽。影像学检查显示,随愈合时间延长,骨粉颗粒高密度影像逐渐消失,与周围正常骨质间界限不清。结论：脱细胞真皮基质充当骨引导生物膜并同时修复骨增量术后软组织不足的临床效果满意。     

A rhinolith surrounded by a nasal polyp

Rhinoliths are uncommon mineralized nasal mass in children and adolescents. We reported a case of unilateral rhinolith that presented as a nasal polyp. A 29-year-old woman who had right-sided nasal purulent discharge, nasal obstruction, intermittent epistaxis, and posterior nasal drip for 6 months was admitted to our department. Nasal examination revealed a nasal mass between the inferior turbinate and the nasal septum, presenting as a nasal polyp or a nasal tumor. Paranasal sinus computed tomographic scan confirmed a calcified mass in soft tissue. We removed the rhinolith and the soft tissue that was around it with a transnasal endoscopic approach. Histologic analysis of the soft tissue identified inflammatory nasal polypoid tissue.     

Giant cell angiofibroma of the oral cavity: report of a new location for a rare tumor.

Giant cell angiofibroma is a rare, soft tissue tumor that was first described in the orbit. Since then, several case reports have described this tumor in a number of extra-orbital sites, suggesting a wider anatomic distribution than is generally recognized. The tumor typically acts in a benign fashion with only rare local recurrences but no tendency to metastatic disease. Here, we report the first case of a giant cell angiofibroma in the oral cavity. The tumor presented as a soft tissue nodule on the buccal mucosa of a 60-year-old man. The histologic differential diagnosis included a number of other uncommon soft tissue neoplasms, including giant cell fibroblastoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and pleomorphic lipoma. The histologic and immunohistochemical features of this tumor and differentiation from other histologically similar soft tissue neoplasms are briefly discussed.     

Salivary gland lipomas: ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging

To facilitate a diagnosis of a lipoma, specific imaging is needed such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two male patients exhibiting a soft tissue tumor in the salivary gland area were examined using sonography and MRI. Final diagnosis was identified by excision biopsy. Ultrasound showed a hypoechoic, feathered, mostly ovoid structure. Color Doppler sonography does not detect any signals besides in cases of angiolipoma. This is accompanied by vessels and does not show the typical feathered structure. With MRI, it is possible to confirm the diagnosis by visualization of fat-equivalent intensity values. Diagnosing soft tissue swelling in the salivary gland, clinical examination and an ultrasound or MRI scan are recommended.     

Schwannoma in Masquerade

Neurilemmoma is a rare nerve tumor seldom included in the list of differential diagnosis of soft tissue swelling in maxillofacial region. Arrival at a clinical diagnosis of schwannomas is rarely possible as there are hardly any characteristic clinical features to help in its and it is mostly established by histopathologic examination. We report an interesting case which had presentations similar to a sebaceous cyst but finally turned out to be a schwannomma.     

Sialolipoma of the hard palate

Sialolipoma is a new variant of salivary gland lipoma, which was first proposed by Nagao et al. (Histopathology 2001; 38: 30) in 2001. We report this rare case of sialolipoma in the hard palate. A 60-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our department complaining of a painless swelling on the right side of the hard palate. Intra-oral examination revealed a soft, elastic, dome-shaped mass with 1 cm in diameter located in the posterior part of the hard palate. Magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed high intensity on T(1)-weighted image and isointensity on T(2)-weighted image. Incisional biopsy revealed that the tumor was encapsulated by fibrous tissue, consisted of adipose tissue, and also contained normal salivary gland tissue peripherally. First diagnosed as an ordinary lipoma of the hard palate, the tumor was excised. According to the recent criteria of histologic findings of sialolipoma, we rediagnosed the tumor as sialolipoma of the hard palate.     

Clear cell odontogenic tumor in the mandible: report of a case with duct-like appearances and dentinoid induction

A case of clear-cell odontogenic tumor with unusual histological features is presented. A 61-year-old Japanese man was admitted because of swelling of the left premolar-molar region of the mandible. Radiological examination revealed a multilocular radiolucency with irregular margins. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed infiltrative proliferation of both clear and eosinophilic cells into the adjacent soft tissue without encapsulation, suggesting the malignant potential of the tumor. The tumor cells sporadically formed cystic lesions. In addition, several tumor cell nests showed duct-like characteristics, and many eosinophilic dentin-like structures were attached to the tumor cell nests, suggesting the potential for epithelial-mesenchymal induction. Histochemically, the clear tumor cells possessed cytoplasmic glycogen granules. Both clear and eosinophilic tumor cells showed positive immunoreactivities for cytokeratin 19, epithelial membrane antigen and filaggrin, indicating an odontogenic epithelial origin.     

��������Դ������

提要：外周性牙源性肿瘤又称骨外型牙源性肿瘤或软组织牙源性肿瘤,主要发生在牙龈,包括牙源性真性肿瘤及错构瘤。外周性牙源性肿瘤约占所有牙源性肿瘤的4%左右,英文文献表明其中外周性牙源性纤维瘤最多见,其次是外周性成釉细胞瘤及外周性牙源性钙化囊性瘤。外周性牙源性肿瘤临床上容易与牙龈发生的炎症性或反应性病变相混淆,明确诊断依赖组织病理学检查。外周性牙源性肿瘤不包括骨内型牙源性肿瘤穿破骨皮质侵犯牙龈。外周性牙源性肿瘤预后普遍好于相应的骨内型肿瘤,但切除不彻底仍可复发,建议长期随访。     

Soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: Report of a case

We report the case of a 17-year-old boy with a soft tissue aneurysmal bone cyst (STABC) located in the posterior aspect of the right mandible. Conventional radiography revealed no positive findings. On the computed tomography scan, the lesion appeared to have a non-uniform intralesional density. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abnormal soft tissue masses with cystic component in the superficial part of right mandibular body and angle with intact cortex. Following histopathological examination, fibro-histiocytic proliferation, blood-filled spaces and multinucleated giant cells were seen and the lesion was diagnosed as a STABC. The mass together with underlying bone and periosteum on its periphery was surgically resected under general anesthesia. Thirty-six months after surgery the patient was assessed at outpatient clinic and found no sign of recurrence This may be only the first reported case of the mandible in the English literature of this extremely rare benign tumor occurring in soft tissue.     

Diagnostic imaging of tumor invasion of the mandible

Several imaging techniques, such as conventional radiography, sonography, computed tomography, isotope scanning and magnetic resonance tomography are used for evaluation of malignant tumors in the region of the floor of the mouth and the tongue. At present, conventional radiography, as well as computed tomography and isotope scanning are the techniques preferred for examination of the mandible. In this study, the results of conventional radiographic examination, computed tomography, ultrasound and Tc scanning in detecting tumor invasion of the mandibular bone, are documented and correlated to surgical and histological findings. The results suggest that ultrasound--our primary diagnostic imaging technique for evaluation of tumors of the floor of the mouth and the tongue--not only provides excellent imaging of tumor extension in soft tissue but also allows accurate diagnosis of osteodestructions of the mandible. In most regions ultrasound had the same accuracy in detecting tumor invasion of the mandible. In the alveolar process, however, sonography was superior to other imaging techniques. The lingual surface of the mandibular ramus can not be screened by the extraoral sonography.