自动乳腺全容积成像及高频超声对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断特征

目的 分析乳腺黏液腺癌(MBC)的自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)冠状面图像和高频超声图像特征，提高对本病的认识。资料与方法 回顾性分析延边大学附属医院2017年7月—2021年10月经术后病理证实的MBC患者28例，包括单纯型乳腺黏液腺癌(PMBC)和混合型乳腺黏液腺癌(MMBC)各14例，观察病灶ABVS冠状面形态、边缘特征及高频超声下形态、边缘、纵横比、内部及后方回声、血供情况等特征，并与超声特征进行比较。结果 PMBC与MMBC组间高频超声声像图特征比较，MMBC组较PMBC组血流丰富，仅血流分级差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.296,P<0.05)，病灶形态、边缘、纵横比、内部及后方回声差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。腺体层上，ABVS冠状面对PMBC、MMBC病灶的恶性征象诊出数量多于高频超声，两种检查显示病灶形态、边缘是否模糊及有无边缘成角差异有统计学意义(χ²=17.742、14.998、14.703,P均<0.05)，边缘毛刺差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ABVS冠状面见病灶后方出现白墙征(25...     

乳腺黏液腺癌钼靶X线与磁共振成像特点及诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及钼靶X线摄影检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断价值。方法收集本院经手术病理证实的乳腺黏液腺癌12例,回顾性分析MRI成像、X线钼靶摄影及影像表现特点。结果单纯性8例,混合性4例。MRI表现:所有病例均表现为肿块,平扫T1WI为低信号或等低信号,T2WI为高信号或极高信号;动态增强扫描病灶呈渐进性明显强化,2例呈轻度强化;磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶呈高信号,表观扩散系数(ADC)值增高。X线表现:肿块9例,不规则团片状2例,结构扭曲变形1例,内有钙化1例。病灶均表现为高密度,边缘清7例,边缘不清5例,其中边缘毛刺3例。MRI准确率71%,X线准确率67%,MRI和X线敏感性均100%。结论乳腺黏液腺癌由于含有黏液成分,MRI和X线影像表现上有一定特征,对本病诊断有一定价值,MRI准确性高于X线,二者应相互结合。     

不同病理亚型乳腺粘液癌的超声表现特征

目的探讨不同病理亚型乳腺粘液癌(MBC)的超声表现特征。方法选取39个MBC病灶,比较传统单纯性乳腺粘液癌(cPMBC)、乳腺粘液微乳头状癌(MUMPC)及混合型乳腺粘液癌(MMBC)的临床及超声表现特点,采用SPSS 23.0统计学软件对数据分析。结果MBC多表现为平行方位的低回声团块,少见液化及微钙化;cPMBC、MUMPC多呈椭圆形或分叶状,后方回声增强及伴侧方声影,前者多富血供,后者多乏血供;MMBC边缘多呈角状或蟹足状且乏血供,后方回声多无改变,少见侧方声影。三组癌的年龄、最大径、位置、纵横比、内部回声、微钙化、导管变化、血流Adler分级及阻力指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.5),cPMBC与MMBC的边缘、后方回声模式、侧方声影比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.0167),MMBC较cPMBC与MUMPC更易出现淋巴结转移(P<0.0167)。结论MBC的超声表现与其组织病理学特点相关,cPMBC、MUMPC与MMBC的声像特征各具特点。     

乳腺X线摄影与超声检查对乳腺黏液腺癌诊断价值的比较

目的 探讨X线摄影与超声检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性收集本院先后行术前X线检查和超声检查,手术治疗并经病理学证实的黏液腺癌22例患者.结果 22例病例中,15例为单纯型黏液腺癌,7例为混合型黏液腺癌;乳腺X线诊断为癌灶者共13例,诊断正确率59.09%,超声诊断癌灶者20例,诊断准确率为90.90%,明显高于X线(P=0.039).结论 乳腺黏液腺癌在乳腺X线及超声影像上有一定特征性表现,但由于其病理学特性的限制,乳腺X线对其诊断的准确性低于超声检查.     

乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现的病理学基础。方法回顾性分析30例乳腺黏液腺癌（单纯型19例,混合型11例）的X线摄影表现,并分析其病理特点。结果①乳腺黏液腺癌最常见的x线表现为肿块（25例）,伴或不伴钙化。少见征象为局部不对称性致密影伴钙化（5例）;②单纯型黏液腺癌X线表现多为边缘小分叶,混合型黏液腺癌X线摄影多表现为边缘浸润,两者差异有统计学意义;③肿块的形状、大小、密度情况在判断黏液腺癌的病理分型上无统计学意义。结论不同亚型的乳腺黏液腺癌的X线摄影表现不完全一致,单纯型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘小分叶的肿块,较少伴钙化;混合型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘浸润的肿块,多伴细小、多形性钙化。     

乳腺黏液腺癌的钼靶X线表现与病理对照研究

目的　研究乳腺黏液腺癌的钼靶X线表现的病理基础。方法　回顾性分析 2 1例乳腺黏液腺癌的钼靶X线表现 ,与病理分型 (16例单纯型、5例混合型 )对照 ;单纯型肿瘤组尚与不同肿瘤黏液量 (少黏液量组、多黏液量组 )进行对照。结果　 (1)乳腺黏液腺癌最常见的钼靶X线表现为肿块 (15例 )和肿块伴钙化 (2例 )。少见征象如局灶性致密病变和单纯钙化各 1例 ,阴性表现 2例 ,均为单纯型多黏液量组病变。 (2 )表现为肿块的 17例黏液腺癌中 ,混合型的钼靶X线表现为浸润性边缘(5 /5 ) ;单纯型多表现为小分叶边缘及清晰边缘 (7/12 )。 (3 )表现为肿块的单纯型黏液腺癌中 ,多黏液量组多数为小分叶状边缘 (4 /7) ;而少黏液组多呈浸润性边缘 (3 /5 )。 (4 )密度改变在判断黏液腺癌的病理分型及对黏液量的判断上差异无显著意义 (P值均 >0 0 5 )。结论　不同亚型的乳腺黏液腺癌的钼靶X线表现不完全一致 ,多黏液量单纯型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为小分叶状边缘肿块 ;少黏液量单纯型和混合型黏液腺癌常有浸润性生长的影像特征     

原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的影像表现

目的 探讨乳腺X线摄影、超声检查和磁共振成像(MRI)联合的多模态影像模式对原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的诊断价值。方法 选取14例经手术或病理证实的原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的影像资料，分析和总结其乳腺X线摄影、超声检查和MRI的特征性表现。结果 14例患者中13例为单侧乳腺单发病灶，1例为双侧乳腺多发病灶，9例伴腋窝肿大淋巴结。9例患者行乳腺X线摄影检查，均未见毛刺征及钙化，7例表现为肿块影，边缘模糊或部分模糊，1例表现为非对称致密，1例病灶未能显示。13例患者行超声检查，均表现为以低回声为主的高低混杂回声，无后方回声衰减，边缘清晰，质地较软，彩色多普勒可见内部或周边丰富血流信号。7例患者行MRI检查，表现为T₁WI低信号，抑脂T₂WI高信号或稍高信号，信号较均匀，动态增强早期明显均匀强化，DWI明显高信号，ADC值(0.36～0.74)×10^-3mm²/s。肿瘤最大径为1.5cm～14.5cm，中位直径为5cm。结论 原发性乳腺淋巴瘤的超声和MRI表现具有相对特异性，乳腺X线摄影表现缺乏特异性，且常常低估其恶性程度...     

乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌的影像特征分析

目的探讨乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌（IMPC）的临床、影像及组织病理学特点。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的9例IMPC患者的影像学资料并与临床及病理结果进行对照;X线钼靶、超声及磁共振成像结果均参照美国放射学会超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）分级标准。结果钼靶摄影最常见的征象表现为边界不清的、不规则形高密度肿块影,其中3例可见肿块内的微钙化灶;超声多表现为不规则低回声肿块,边缘毛刺状,2例可见后方回声衰减;磁共振均表现为不规则形肿块影,增强扫描可见肿块内部不均匀强化,时间-信号强度曲线为廓清型或平台型。术后病理显示7例出现淋巴管侵袭,6例腋窝淋巴结肿大,1例锁骨上淋巴结肿大,免疫组织化学显示雌激素受体（ER）阳性8例。结论乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌常见淋巴管侵袭和区域淋巴结转移,其影像学表现具有典型的恶性肿瘤特征。     

乳腺黏液腺癌MRI表现特征及其与病理对照研究

目的 探讨乳腺黏液腺癌MR平扫、动态增强(DCE)及DWI表现特征及其与病理表现的相关性.方法 MR枪查采用1.5 T MR扫描仪及乳腺专用线圈,包括MR平扫、3D DCE-MRI以及b值分别为500和1000 s/mm2的DWI.对8例行乳腺MR检查并经手术病理证实的乳腺黏液腺癌,依据乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)MRI标准,回顾性分析病变形态学、T1WI及T2WI信号强度、肿块内部强化特征及动态增强曲线类型、DWI上ADC值表现,并与病理对照,乳腺黏液腺癌病理诊断依据2003年WHO乳腺肿瘤病理学标准.结果 8例乳腺黏液腺癌(5例单纯黏液腺癌,3例混合型黏液腺癌)的黏液含昔为60%～90%.8例在MRI上均表现为肿块,平扫T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高和明显高信号.动态增强后,1例表现为不均匀轻微强化,2例表现为内部欠均匀的渐进性强化,其余5例于动态增强早期时相均表现为边缘明显强化,肿块内部结构呈渐进性强化,强化方式呈由边缘强化向中心渗透趋势.于DWI上病变均表现为明显高信号,平均ADC值在b值500 s/mm2时为(2.41±0.28)×10-3mm2/s,b值1000 s/mm2时为(2.06±0.14)×10-3mm2/s,分别高于正常乳腺组织的(1.71±0.32)×10-3和(1.43±0.24)×10-3mm2/s.结论 乳腺黏液腺癌在MR平扫T2WI、DEC及DWI表现均不同于常见的浸润性导管癌,这些特征性表现反映了其特殊的病理类型,MR多种成像序列相结合可对乳腺黏液腺癌在术前作出正确诊断.     

应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统分析乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像表现

目的 应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的X线、超声及MRI表现,以期提高对该病的影像诊断能力.方法 收集2004-2011年经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状肿瘤18例(20个病灶),其中良性6例,交界性5例,恶性7例.13例行乳腺X线摄影检查,13例做乳腺超声检查,4例行乳腺MRI检查.1例患者为单侧乳腺多发(3个)肿瘤,余17例为单发.按照BI-RADS术语,回顾性分析其影像表现及病变分类,并与大体及镜下病理表现对照.结果 无论良性、交界性还是恶性,影像表现为:除1例于X线摄影表现为局部致密及2例于超声表现为椭圆形,余肿块均为分叶状;边界清楚;＜5 cm肿块除1例回声不均匀,余回声(或信号)均匀,而＞5 cm者因囊变易回声(或信号)不均匀;血供丰富;未见钙化;未侵犯乳头及皮肤;未见腋窝淋巴结转移.交界性及恶性者MRI动态增强曲线为III型,扩散加权成像表现为高信号,波谱见胆碱峰.BI-RADS病变分类多为4类.结论 应用BI-RADS有利于乳腺叶状肿瘤影像结果的综合比较.     

Gradually enhancing breast cancer on dynamic MRI

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and the radiologic and pathologic features of gradually enhancing breast cancers on contrast enhanced dynamic MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 83 patients with pathologically proven breast cancer underwent contrast enhanced dynamic MRI. Breast cancers that showed a gradually enhancing pattern were selected, and their pathological features and the findings in other imaging modalities were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of 83 lesions, 8 lesions (10%) showed a gradually enhancing pattern on dynamic MRI. The lesions included 3 papillotubular carcinomas, 3 scirrhous carcinomas, one solid-tubular carcinoma, and one mucinous carcinoma. All of them had imaging features suggesting malignancy on mammography and ultrasonography. Histopathologically, all 7 invasive ductal carcinomas showed prominent fibrosis in the stroma, and one showed many dilated ducts. One mucinous carcinoma showed large mucinous pools. CONCLUSION: Some breast cancers may show a gradually enhancing pattern on dynamic MRI. Other imaging features should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors.     

Breast carcinomas with strong high-signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images: pathological characteristics and differential diagnosis

PURPOSE: To investigate the histopathological characteristics of breast carcinomas with strong high-signal intensity (SHi) on T2-weighted (T2W) MR images (T2-SHi), and discuss the differential diagnosis between T2-SHi breast carcinomas and T2-SHi fibroadenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty of 480 breast carcinomas examined by MRI were defined as tumors with T2-SHi (defined as homogeneous higher signal intensity (SI) compared to surrounding normal breast tissue on fat-suppressed T2W imaging (T2WI). They included eight mucinous and 22 nonmucinous carcinomas. The histopathological characteristics of T2-SHi breast carcinomas, their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on T2WI, contrast-enhancement patterns, and morphology were compared with those of 22 non-T2-SHi breast carcinomas and 19 T2-SHi fibroadenomas. RESULTS: In nonmucinous carcinomas T2-SHi was attributable to a mixture of background matrix, a higher proportion of cells than stroma, abundant cytoplasm, edematous stroma, and hemorrhage. The significantly high SNR (mean = 75) and enhancing internal septations seen in mucinous carcinomas, and the washout phenomenon, irregular border, absence of internal septation, and rim enhancement seen in nonmucinous carcinomas provide useful information for differentiating these tumors from T2-SHi fibroadenomas. CONCLUSION: A mixture of several histopathological characteristics was associated with T2-SHi breast carcinomas. The combined information from T2WI and contrast-enhanced (CE) imaging may help distinguish T2-SHi breast carcinomas from T2-SHi fibroadenomas.     

MR imaging of the breast with Gd-DTPA enhancement: comparison with mammography and ultrasonography.

The accuracy of MR imaging with Gd-DTPA enhancement was compared with mammography and ultrasonography in 52 patients with clinically palpable benign and malignant breast masses (36 carcinomas, 2 malignant phyllodes tumors, 7 fibroadenomas, 7 cysts). On dynamic MR imaging, carcinomas and fibroadenomas were discriminated by their different dynamic enhancement profiles. In carcinomas, signal intensity increased rapidly, reaching a peak or plateau within 2 min after the injection of contrast medium. In fibroadenomas, signal intensity showed a much slower continuous increase without ceasing until about 8 min after injection. Malignant phyllodes tumors showed a dynamic enhancement profile identical to that of benign fibroadenomas. MR imaging correctly identified 84% of malignant tumors, 86% of fibroadenomas, and 100% of cysts, and was substantially more accurate in tissue characterization than mammography. The results of ultrasonography were highly similar to those of MR imaging. However, no single modality was infallible, and the three modalities were complementary rather than competitive. Considering the high cost and long examination time of MR imaging, mammography supplemented by ultrasonography seems to be the method of choice in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Nevertheless, MR imaging can add important information when the results of mammography and ultrasonography are insufficient or contradictory.     

肾上腺畸胎瘤的影像诊断

目的　探讨肾上腺畸胎瘤影像表现 ,提高对本病的认识。方法　报告 4例经手术病理证实的肾上腺畸胎瘤的影像所见 ,IVP检查 2例 ,B超 3例、CT检查 4例 ,MRI和肾动脉造影各 1例。结果　 4例均位于右侧肾上腺 ,IVP示肾上腺区钙化灶 ,CT表现为右肾上腺显示不清。肿瘤分别表现为以水样密度、脂肪密度或实性密度为主的混合密度块 ,增强扫描肿瘤实质部分、包膜及分隔有强化 ,MRIT1、T2 WI均显示肿瘤为不均质性高信号。B超显示肾上腺区不均质强光团和多种成分回声。结论　CT、MRI对肾上腺畸胎瘤诊断和鉴别诊断优于IVP和B超。     

MR imaging features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast

OBJECTIVE: To characterize MR imaging features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images obtained from 16 women (age range, 29-81; mean age, 57 years) with pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast determined at surgery were reviewed. The MR findings used were shape, margin, internal mass enhancement, kinetic curve pattern on dynamic study, signal intensity on short time inversion recovery (STIR) T2-weighted images, and non-mass-like enhancement around the main tumor. Non-mass-like enhancement was compared with the presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC) on histopathological findings. RESULTS: Eleven tumors (69%) had lobular contour, and nine tumors (56%) had smooth margin. Eight tumors (50%) showed rim enhancement and six tumors (38%) showed heterogeneous enhancement. Fourteen tumors (88%) showed a persistent enhancing pattern on kinetic curve. Fifteen tumors exhibited homogenous strongly high signal intensity on STIR T2-weighted images. In six cases with EIC, five cases had non-mass-like enhancement around the main mass. CONCLUSIONS: MR findings such as lobular shape, rim or heterogeneous enhancement, persistent pattern on kinetic curve, and homogeneous strongly high signal intensity on STIR T2-weighted images may be useful in diagnosing pure mucinous carcinoma. Moreover, linear-ductal enhancement around main mass may indicate presence of EIC.     

Evaluation of enhancement patterns using three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in 209 cases of breast cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate contrast-enhanced patterns using three-dimensional (3D) dynamic MR imaging in 209 cases of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional dynamic imaging of the breast (1.5-T scanner) was performed in 755 cases. Of 227 breast carcinomas, 209 cases that were histologically confirmed were enrolled in this study. The histological diagnoses included ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=12), invasive ductal carcinoma (n=176), mucinous carcinoma (n=10), medullary carcinoma (n=4), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=6), and other (n=1). Tumor size was a mean 24.6 mm in diameter (range, 7-110 mm), including 110 cases of small breast carcinomas (< or = 2 cm). The contrast-enhancement pattern was analyzed from the early phase of 3D-MRI and the post-contrast T1-weighted SE image acquired before the delayed phase of 3D-MRI. The type of peripheral enhancement (PE) was evaluated on the early and delayed phases of 3D-MRI. These enhancement patterns were also compared with the histological findings of small breast carcinomas. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the 209 cases of breast carcinoma was 99% (207/209) on 3D dynamic MRI. Two hundred six cases (98.6%), including all DCIS, showed strong enhancement on the early phase of 3D MRI. An increased washout pattern showing signal intensity lower than that of fat on post-contrast T1-weighted imaging was noted in 201 cases (96.1%), of which 179 cases (85.6%) showed washout patterns. PE was identified in 63 cases (30.4%) and in 35 of 110 cases of small breast carcinoma (31.8%). Delayed PE following central washout was noted in 65% of 63 cases and 71.4% of 35 cases of small breast carcinoma. Delayed PE was well correlated with marginal fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional dynamic MRI of the breast was highly sensitive for breast carcinoma. Delayed PE following central washout was considered a specific finding of breast carcinoma. It is important to understand the enhancement patterns of 3D dynamic MRI for excellent specificity of breast carcinomas.     

MR imaging features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast

ObjectiveTo characterize MR imaging features of pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast.Materials and methodsMR images obtained from 16 women (age range, 29–81; mean age, 57 years) with pure mucinous carcinoma of the breast determined at surgery were reviewed. The MR findings used were shape, margin, internal mass enhancement, kinetic curve pattern on dynamic study, signal intensity on short time inversion recovery (STIR) T2-weighted images, and non-mass-like enhancement around the main tumor. Non-mass-like enhancement was compared with the presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC) on histopathological findings.ResultsEleven tumors (69%) had lobular contour, and nine tumors (56%) had smooth margin. Eight tumors (50%) showed rim enhancement and six tumors (38%) showed heterogeneous enhancement. Fourteen tumors (88%) showed a persistent enhancing pattern on kinetic curve. Fifteen tumors exhibited homogenous strongly high signal intensity on STIR T2-weighted images. In six cases with EIC, five cases had non-mass-like enhancement around the main mass.ConclusionsMR findings such as lobular shape, rim or heterogeneous enhancement, persistent pattern on kinetic curve, and homogeneous strongly high signal intensity on STIR T2-weighted images may be useful in diagnosing pure mucinous carcinoma. Moreover, linear-ductal enhancement around main mass may indicate presence of EIC.