磁共振3D-SPACE序列对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的 评价磁共振3D -SPACE序列对三叉神经微血管压迫的诊断价值.方法 对32例单侧三叉神经痛患者行3.0T磁共振3D -SPACE序列检查,所有患者均经三叉神经微血管减压术证实.分析三叉神经微血管压迫的影像学特征,并与手术结果对照.结果 32例患者中,症状侧血管神经关系I型1例(3%),II型22例(69%),III型9例(28%),而无症状侧I型13例(41%),II型19例(59%),III型0例,两侧压迫程度差异显著,有统计学意义(P值为0.000).在有血管神经压迫情况的神经中,症状侧31例45处,近端压迫为29处(64%),远端压迫为16处(36%),症状侧与非症状侧压迫点位置无统计学差异(P=0.376).症状侧小脑上动脉为主要压迫动脉,占71.8%.3D -SPACE序列能对三叉神经进行多平面重建,显示血管压迫三叉神经的位置、程度及责任血管的来源.结论 3D -SPACE序列能清晰显示三叉神经与周围结构的关系,能提供准确的诊断信息,且有助于手术方案的设计.     

三叉神经痛神经血管压迫的MRI研究

目的探索三能（ＴＮ）神经血管压迫（ＮＶＣ）的最佳扫描序列和扫描方法。试图发现正常人和人之间神经血管在接触上的差异。评价ＭＲＩ对ＴＮ的诊断价值。方法 对２具福尔马林罪恶的头颅,按照ＭＲＩ扫描平面切层,观察三叉神经的走行及与邻近血管的关系。且２０例,原发性ＴＮ１５例,使用ＳＥＴ１Ｗ少三维时间飞跃破坏性稳态梯度回聚回波（３Ｄ－ＴＤＦ－ＳＰＧＲ）序列。１１例病人做了增强扫描。盲法观察３个平面血管神经关系。     

3D-SPACE序列结合3D-TOF MR血管成像在颅内动脉瘤支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后随访中的应用

目的探讨三维T1加权序列可变反转角度快速自旋回波序列(3D T1-SPACE)结合三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D-TOF MRA)在颅内动脉瘤支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后患者随访中的应用价值。方法前瞻性收集2017年12月至2018年10月河南省人民医院收治的25例因颅内动脉瘤接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术的患者,均为宽颈动脉瘤。术后6~10个月所有患者均行3D-TOF MRA、3D T1-SPACE序列MR扫描和DSA检查。分别使用3D-TOF MRA和DSA以Raymond分级法评价瘤腔栓塞情况,使用3D-TOF MRA和3D T1-SPACE序列以4分法评价载瘤动脉支架内管腔显示情况。采用配对设计的Wilcoxon秩和检验比较动脉瘤栓塞程度分级和支架内管腔显示情况。以DSA为金标准,计算3D-TOF MRA评估动脉瘤残留的特异度及准确率。结果术后6~10个月随访,对于动脉瘤闭塞情况,DSA造影显示Raymond 1级23例,2级1例,3级1例;3D-TOF MRA 1级21例,2级3例,3级1例;差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.557,P=0.577),其中有4例患者两种评估方法结果不一致。对于载瘤动脉支架内管腔情况的显示,3D-TOF MRA评分3分14例,2分8例,1分3例;3D T1-SPACE序列25例均为4分,3D T1-SPACE优于3D-TOF MRA(Z=-4.484,P<0.001)。以DSA为金标准,3D-TOF MRA结合原图像评估动脉瘤栓塞情况的特异度为86.9%(20/23),准确率为84.0%(21/25)。结论3.0 T MR 3D T1-SPACE序列可清晰显示支架内管腔,能准确判断支架内血管的通畅情况,3D-TOF MRA可充分评估动脉瘤瘤腔有无残留。将上述两种MRI血管成像技术相结合,可用于动脉瘤支架辅助栓塞术后的随访。     

血管压迫性三叉神经痛的MRI

血管压迫三叉神经是导致三叉神经痛的主要原因之一,本文收集了近期有关血管压迫性三叉神经痛的MRI研究文献,对三叉神经与血管的解剖关系、三又神经痛的MRI检查技术、MRI表现及MRI的敏感度和特异度进行了综述。     

磁共振3D-TSE序列和3D-VIBE序列在诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛中的价值

目的探讨磁共振3 D-TSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列对于血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法采用3 DTSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列扫描28例临床拟诊为血管压迫性三叉神经痛的患者。经3 DMRP、MIP、min-MIP后处理图像,观察三叉神经与周围血管的关系。结果 28例患者手术证实26例存在血管神经接触或压迫,3 D-VIBE、3 D-TSE序列综合判断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性、手术符合率分别为92.0%(23/25)、33.3%(1/3)、92.0%(23/25)、85.7%(24/28)。而且MRI所显示的责任血管与神经的相对位置关系与术中所见具有高度的一致性(K=0.81)。结论 3 D-TSE序列和3 D-VIBE序列结合可以清楚显示脑池内血管和三叉神经的空间关系并辨认责任血管的来源,对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的术前评估具有较高的价值。     

3T MR体层血管造影对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的:探讨3T磁共振体层血管造影(MRTA)对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析60例手术治疗的血管压迫性三叉神经痛患者的MRTA表现,评判三叉神经周围有无血管压迫,并与术中观察结果对照.结果:症状侧血管压迫者52例,非症状侧血管压迫5例,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).MRTA显示的神经血管接触52例中,术中49例发现有血管压迫或接触,MRTA显示无接触的8例中有4例发现血管压迫或接触.以手术结果为金标准,MRTA判断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为92.5％、57.1％、88.3％、94.2％和50％.结论:MRTA可以准确显示三叉神经根与周围血管的关系,为血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断及治疗提供可靠的影像学依据.     

MR增强血管成像在颅内动脉狭窄及闭塞诊断中的价值

目的 探讨MR增强血管成像(3D CE-MRA)在颅内动脉狭窄及闭塞诊断中的价值及准确性.方法 选择103例脑血管疾病患者行3D CE-MRA检查,其中41例并行三维飞越法MR血管造影(3D TOF-MRA)检查,35例行DSA检查.对35例同时行3D CE-MRA、3D TOF-MRA和DSA检查者在显示动脉闭塞及狭窄能力上的优劣进行比较.结果总计发现217处不同程度的动脉狭窄或闭塞病变.3种检查方法在发现动脉狭窄或闭塞的支数及程度间存在显著性差异(χ2=13.418,P＜0.001);3D TOF-MRA与3D CE-MRA或DSA在发现动脉狭窄或闭塞程度及支数间存在差异(χ2=4.389,P＜0.05;χ2=11.22,P＜0.01),3D CE-MRA或DSA间比较没有显著性差异(χ2=3.101,P＞0.05).结论 3D CE-MRA具有快速、有效、无创等特点,在诊断颅内动脉闭塞及狭窄方面有着独特的价值.     

3D-TOF磁共振血管成像诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的价值

目的　探讨增强薄层三维体积扫描时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 ( 3D -TOFMRA)诊断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的价值。方法　回顾性分析 37例临床拟诊为血管压迫性三叉神经痛患者的常规颅脑MRI及增强薄层 3D -TOF磁共振血管成像资料。结果　增强薄层 3D -TOFMRA发现 37例中 2 4例共 2 7侧三叉神经存在血管压迫或接触 ,其中症状侧三叉神经有血管压迫或接触 2 4例 ,无症状侧三叉神经有血管压迫或接触 3例 ,本组病例统计学分析表明 ,三叉神经痛患者症状的出现与三叉神经存在血管压迫或接触有显著相关关系 (Ρ <0 .0 0 5 )。 13例为非血管压迫性三叉神经痛。压迫三叉神经的血管为小脑上动脉 (SCA) 14例 ,小脑前下动脉(AICA) 5例 ,起源不清的血管 3例 ,扭曲的椎动脉 1例 ,血管畸形 1例。结论　增强薄层 3D -TOFMRA可清楚显示三叉神经脑池段与毗邻血管的关系 ,明显优于常规颅脑MRI,是目前检测血管压迫性三叉神经痛最佳的影像学检查方法 ,对明确诊断和指导治疗三叉神经痛具有重大意义。     

多平面重组联合选择性后循环血管重建对原发性三叉神经痛受累神经和责任血管的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨多平面重组联合选择性后循环血管重建技术对原发性三叉神经痛患者的受累神经定侧及其责任血管判定的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经微血管减压术证实的67例单侧原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床及磁共振断层血管成像（MRTA）资料，所有患者均于术前行3D-TOF-SPGR和3D-FIESTA序列扫描，将神经过渡区接触作为一个重要的判断依据纳入诊断标准中，分别采用常规轴面影像分析和多平面重组联合选择性后循环血管重建的分析方法来判断受累神经及责任血管，以术中所见为金标准，对比两种影像分析方法对受累神经及责任血管诊断的准确性。结果：多平面重组联合选择性后循环血管重建诊断受累神经和责任血管的准确率分别为92.54％和76.12％；而常规轴面影像分析诊断受累神经和责任血管的准确率分别为76.12％和55.22％。这两种方法在诊断受累神经和责任血管方面均存在显著性差异（P=0.007和P=0.013）。结论：多平面重组联合选择性后循环血管重建技术可以在术前显著提高原发性三叉神经痛患者受累神经及其责任血管诊断的准确性，从而有助于治疗计划的完善制定。     

MR3D-STIR SPACE序列增强扫描在臂丛节后神经成像的应用

目的 探讨MR 3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描在臂丛节后神经成像的可行性及应用价值.方法 对20例志愿者和10例臂丛神经病变患者行T2WI-STIR、平扫和增强3D -STIR SPACE序列扫描.评价3种方法 对臂丛节后神经的显示情况、对比噪声比(contrast noise ratio,CNR)及图像伪影,观察臂丛神经及其病变在3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描中的MR表现.结果 T2WI-STIR、平扫和增强3D -STIR SPACE序列扫描臂丛神经锁骨上段显示率分别为80%、80%、85%,臂丛锁骨下段显示率分别为55%、60%、85%.3种序列CNR分别为34.05±11.48、34.10±11.30、44.59±11.26,3D -STIR SPACE序列增强扫描对臂丛节后神经的CNR及其锁骨下段的显示率高于其他2种方法,增强扫描能明显改善背景抑制效果,减少伪影,病变显示更清晰.结论 3D-STIR SPACE序列增强扫描能更清楚地显示臂丛神经及其病变,有助于臂丛神经病变的诊断及治疗.     

磁共振3D-SPACE、3D-Ture FISP序列对踝关节韧带成像的比较研究

目的 比较三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D-SPACE)序列、三维真稳态进动快速成像序列(3D-Ture FISP)在踝关节韧带的成像质量.方法 20例健康志愿者和15例患者在1.5T磁共振上行3D-SPACE、3D-True FISP序列成像.在正常组中比较韧带影像质量、信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR);在患者组中比较对损伤韧带的显示能力.结果 3D-SPACE序列比3D-True FISP序列的韧带SNR、CNR更高.3D-SPACE序列比3D-True FISP序列有更好地显示踝关节正常韧带及损伤韧带的能力,但在发现损伤韧带的数量上未见明显差异.结论 相比3D-True FISP序列,3D-SPACE序列能更好地显示踝关节正常和损伤韧带的解剖结构.     

磁共振3D-SPACE、3D-TrueFISP、2D-FSE-PD序列膝关节软骨成像的比较研究

目的：比较三维可变反转角快速自旋回波序列(3D-SPACE)、三维真稳态进动快速成像序列(3D-Ture FISP)以及二维快速自旋回波质子像序列(2D-FSE-PD)膝关节软骨的成像质量。方法40例健康志愿者和20例患者在1.5T MR 上行3D-SPACE、3D-True FISP 和2D-FSE-PD 序列成像。比较各序列软骨信噪比(SNR)、对比信噪比(CNR)、损伤显示能力。结果3种序列中,3D-SPACE 序列的软骨信噪比、滑液与软骨的对比信噪比最高。3D-SPACE 比3D-True FISP 能更好地显示膝关节软骨的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级损伤,在软骨的Ⅲ、Ⅳ级损伤中,3D-SPACE 与3D-True FISP 无明显差异,对于各级软骨损伤,3D 序列均好于2D 序列。结论相比3D-True FISP、2D-FSE-PD 序列,3D-SPACE 序列能更好地显示膝关节软骨结构和损伤。     

静脉压迫性原发性三叉神经痛的 MRI 序列研究及诊断价值

目的：探讨静脉压迫性原发性三叉神经痛(PTN)患者责任静脉的最佳 MRI 序列组合。方法回顾性分析26例单独静脉压迫性 PTN 患者33支责任静脉在3D-TOF-MRA、3D-FIESTA 及 CE-3D-TOF-MRA 3种序列上的成像特点及不同序列对责任静脉的显示率。结果33支责任静脉在3D-TOF-MRA 序列上显示率15.2%(5/33);3D-FIESTA 序列与3D-TOF-MRA+3D-FIESTA 序列组合的显示率均为63.6%(21/33);CE-3D-TOF-MRA 序列上显示率100%(33/33)。CE-3D-TOF-MRA 序列较3D-TOF-MRA+3D-FIESTA 序列组合对责任静脉的显示率高且有统计学差异(P <0.005)。结论CE-3D-TOF-MRA 对责任静脉的检出率最高,联合使用3种序列,可明确诊断血管性质和压迫情况,减少责任静脉的漏诊。     

Sensitivity and specificity of MRA in the diagnosis of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

The published rates of operatively confirmed neurovascular compression as the cause for trigeminal neuralgia range from 10 % to nearly 100 %. High-definition magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 27 consecutive patients (in 6 cases with 3D reconstructions) to show neurovascular compression preoperatively. The MRA findings were compared with the relationship between the Vth nerve and the surrounding vessels at surgery. In 23 patients MRA showed present neurovascular compression in accordance with surgical findings (18/27 in complete accordance of type and side of vessel, site and direction of compression). One woman had no neurovascular compression either on MRA or intraoperatively. One MRA prediction of neurovascular compression was false, and two results were false negative. The sensitivity of MRA was therefore 88.5 % but the specificity only 50 %, if surgical findings are the reference. In one patient with right trigeminal neuralgia MRA revealed bilateral neurovascular compression of the Vth nerves. Therefore, the overall specificity of MRA might be below 50 %. In one patient with multiple sclerosis, the decision to operate was markedly influenced by the clear finding of neurovascular compression on MRA. The patient has been free from trigeminal pain for 149 weeks after microvascular decompression. In 6 patients, 3D reconstructions of the MRA data were performed. The images helped in 3D visualisation of the operation, but did not yield new information about the nature of the vessels revealed, or the site, direction or side of the neurovascular compression. Received: 15 May 1997 Accepted: 18 June 1997     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T as a clinical tool in patients with intracranial tumors

Purpose: To investigate the potential of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T as a clinical tool in the preoperative evaluation of patients with intracranial tumors. High magnetic field strength such as 3T is of benefit for fMRI because signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to susceptibility changes are field-strength-dependent.

Material and Methods: Twenty patients with tumors close to eloquent sensorimotor or language areas were studied. Motor, sensory, and two language paradigms (word generation, rhyming) were used; their effectiveness was determined as the percentage of patients in whom the functional area of interest was activated. Activation maps were calculated and their quality rated as high, adequate, or insufficient. The influence of fMRI on the neurosurgical decision regarding operability, surgical approach, and extent of the resection, was assessed.

Results: Paradigm effectiveness was 90% for motor and 95% for sensory stimulation, and varied from 79% to 95% for word generation and rhyming in combination. Ninety percent of the activation maps held high or adequate quality. fMRI proved useful: in the decision to operate (9 patients), in the surgical approach (13 patients), and in extent of the resection (12 patients).

Conclusion: fMRI at 3T is a clinically applicable tool in the work-up of patients with intracranial tumors.     

Role of diffusion-weighted MR in differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterizing cerebral cystic lesions. The usefulness of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in lesion characterization was also evaluated. METHODS: We compared the findings of conventional MR images with those of DWI: 63 cystic masses in 48 patients were examined with routine MR imaging and echo-planar DWI. The routine MR imaging included at least the axial T2- and T1-weighted sequences, and post-contrast T1 axial sequences. The DWI included an echo-planar spin-echo sequence with three values (0, 500 and 1000s/mm(2)) sensitizing gradient in the x, y, z direction, and it obtained an ADC map. RESULTS: The sensitivity of DWI for differentiating abscesses from primary brain tumours was 100%; for differentiating abscesses from metastatic tumours was 73%; for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 90%. CONCLUSION: Although some metastatic lesions may appear hyperintense on DWI thus imitating an abscess, evaluation of the lesions with both DWI and conventional MRI may have an important contribution to the differentiation of tumours from abscesses.     

The spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in hypertension-related neurovascular compression

Hypertension (HTN) has been controversially related to neurovascular compression (NVC) at the rostral ventrolateral (RVL) medulla in anatomical, surgical, and radiological reports. Our objective was to investigate the association between primary HTN and signs of NVC at the medulla oblongata on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to explore a new classification based on image criteria. Subjects with (n=64) and without (n=29) HTN were studied. Three-millimeter slices, with 1-mm intervals in between, were performed on T2-weighted images in axial and coronal views. Attention was focused on the relationship between the upper medulla and the surrounding arteries. The findings were divided into three categories: 1) non-NVC: absence of signs of NVC, 2) NVC type I: an artery in contact with the RVL medulla but not compressing it, and 3) NVC type II: evident compression of the RVL medulla by an artery. Signs of NVC were observed in 65.7% (42/64) of the HTN group (type I: 39.1%, 25/42 patients; type II: 26.6%, 17/42 patients). Among the normotensive subjects, 27.6% (8/29) had signs of NVC; only one (3.3%) of these had NVC type II (evident compression), and the rest were NVC type I. We conclude that the presence of NVC at the RVL medulla on MRI is related to HTN. More importantly, the finding of frank compression (NVC type II) is present almost exclusively in hypertensive subjects; only one individual (3.3% of our normotensive population) had NVC type II.     

脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI诊断

目的：分析脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析7例经脑脊液、结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)实验及胸水等检查、胸片及抗结核治疗随访确诊的脑实质多发结核瘤的MRI表现，全部病例均行SET1WI、FSE T2WI、Gd-DTPA增强T1WI检查，其中3例采用了FLAIR序列。结果：病灶绝大部分位于灰白质交界区和基底节区，直径多在5～15mm。未成熟结核结节呈长T1、长T2信号，灶周水肿明显，结节性强化。成熟结核结节呈典型的“靶征”，由中心到外周分别为低信号靶心-高信号环-低信号环，灶周水肿较轻，结节状或环形强化。颅内其它结核感染征象有助于诊断。在各扫描序列中T2WI和增强扫描对病灶的显示较佳。结论：脑实质多发结核瘤是颅内结核的一种特殊表现，MRI的特征是多发病灶，并具靶征及环状强化。